Stratified Response Characteristics of Near-Surface Wind Pressure Gradient to Gravel Coverage over Gobi
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摘要: 戈壁荒漠是沙尘跨境传输的重要策源区，其地表砾石覆盖度与近地表风压梯度的相互作用对沙尘释放机制具有重要影响.通过两相流风洞实验，模拟戈壁近地表风场特征，采用非线性回归模型及双因素分析揭示其调控机制.（1）风压增幅呈分层变化，风压梯度随高度上升呈线性或指数衰减；（2）砾石覆盖度显著调控风压梯度垂直分异；（3）来流风速直接控制风压梯度的强度大小，砾石覆盖度诱导能量吸收和动量传递.戈壁的地表异质性可有效影响风压梯度，近地表粗糙度与风场作用力存在动态博弈机制；地表砾石优先维持40%~50%覆盖度，可为优化沙尘释放模型及戈壁防风固沙措施提供理论依据.Abstract: The Gobi Desert is a critical source area for cross-border dust transport, where the interaction between surface gravel coverage and the near-surface wind pressure gradient exerts a significant influence on the dust emission mechanism. Through two-phase flow wind tunnel experiments, the near-surface wind field characteristics of the Gobi were simulated. Nonlinear regression models and two-factor analysis were employed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms. (1) The wind pressure increase exhibits stratified variation, with the wind pressure gradient decaying linearly or exponentially with increasing height. (2) Gravel coverage significantly regulates the vertical differentiation of the wind pressure gradient. (3) Incoming wind speeds directly controls the intensity of the wind pressure gradient, while gravel coverage induces energy absorption and momentum transfer. Surface heterogeneity in the Gobi Desert dynamically regulates wind pressure gradient through the interplay between near-surface roughness and wind forces. Maintaining optimal gravel coverage (40%-50%) effectively balances aeolian erosion control and momentum transfer, providing a mechanistic foundation for refining dust emission models and developing precision windbreak-sand stabilization strategies in arid ecosystems.
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Key words:
- Gobi /
- wind pressure gradient /
- gravel coverage /
- dynamic regulation /
- wind erosion /
- wind speed
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图 2 不同风速及砾石覆盖度下的垂直风压结构
Fig. 2. Vertical wind pressure profile under different wind speeds and gravel coverage
图 3 风压梯度及梯度相对贡献率
a. 砾石覆盖度30%；b. 砾石覆盖度40%；c. 砾石覆盖度50%；d. 砾石覆盖度60%
Fig. 3. Wind pressure gradient and relative contribution rate of the gradient
图 4 砾石覆盖度对风压梯度的影响
a. 来流风速6 m/s；b. 来流风速10 m/s；c. 来流风速14 m/s；d. 来流风速18 m/s；e. 来流风速22 m/s
Fig. 4. Effect of gravel coverage on wind pressure gradient
图 5 来流风速及砾石覆盖度对风压梯度的三维映射模型
a. 剪切层；b. 过渡层；c. 惯性层
Fig. 5. 3D mapping model of wind pressure gradient influenced by incoming wind speed and gravel coverage
表 1 双因素分析
Table 1. Two-factor analysis
Δh 因素源 SS MS F P值 F crit 剪切层 来流风速 2.48×105 8.28×104 4.95 0.018 3.49 砾石覆盖度 9.12×106 2.28×106 136.20 6.88×10‒10 3.26 过渡层 来流风速 1.65×104 5.51×103 4.91 0.019 3.49 砾石覆盖度 2.02×106 5.06×105 451.82 5.73×10‒13 3.26 惯性层 来流风速 6.29×102 2.10×102 3.85 0.039 3.49 砾石覆盖度 3.35×103 8.36×102 15.35 1.15×10‒4 3.26 
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