Evolution and Controlling Factors of Sedimentary Flux of East Asian Continental Margin since the Cenozoic
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摘要: 东亚大陆边缘位于太平洋板块和欧亚板块的汇聚碰撞边界，是全球构造、气候最活跃的地区，也是新生代以来的沉积“源‒汇”过程的重要载体，但不同纬度海盆沉积动力过程和关键控制因素仍不明确.本文计算并统计了高纬度（鄂霍次克海）、中纬度（日本海、东海）和低纬度（南海）代表性海盆的新生代沉积通量.结果表明东亚陆缘新生代沉积通量演化呈现显著的纬度分异特征：中‒低纬度海盆（南海、东海、日本海）受构造‒季风‒河流耦合控制，晚中新世（11.6~5.3 Ma）因青藏高原隆升引发河流重组及受东亚冬季风控制，沉积通量较中中新世时期减少了约1/3；上新世（5.3~0 Ma）夏季风增强及台湾岛隆升使其沉积通量较晚中新世增加2~3倍，日本海则主要受控于季风及局部构造.高纬度鄂霍次克海受构造‒冰川协同作用，中‒晚中新世（16.0~5.3 Ma）全球降温事件导致通量较早中新世减少了约60%，上新世（5.3~2.5 Ma）沉积通量因黑龙江（阿穆尔河）流域增大及萨哈林岛隆升而增加约2倍.Abstract: The East Asian continental margin located at the convergent and collisional boundary of the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate, is not only the most tectonically and climatically active region in the world, but also an important place of the sedimentary "source to sink" process since the Cenozoic, However, the sedimentary dynamic processes and key controlling factors of basins at different latitudes remain unclear. This study calculates and statistically analyzes Cenozoic sedimentary flux in high-latitude (Okhotsk Sea), mid-latitude (Japan Sea, East China Sea), and low-latitude (South China Sea) basins. It is found that the evolution of sedimentary flux along the East Asian continental margin shows pronounced latitudinal differentiation: Mid- to Low-latitude basins (South China Sea, East China Sea, and Japan Sea) are primarily influenced by the coupling of tectonics, East Asian monsoon, and river systems. During the Late Miocene (11.6-5.3 Ma), the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau resulted in river reorganization and the intensification of the East Asian winter monsoon, reducing sedimentary flux by approximately 1/3 compared to the Middle Miocene. Since the Pliocene (5.3-0 Ma), the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and the uplift of Taiwan Island increased it by 2 to 3 times compared to the Late Miocene, while the Japan Sea was mainly controlled by monsoon and local tectonics. High latitudes basin (Okhotsk Sea) is subject to the synergy of tectonics and glaciation. During the Middle to Late Miocene (16.0-5.3 Ma), global cooling events caused a decline in sedimentary flux by approximately 60% compared to the Early Miocene. Since the Pliocene (5.3-2.5 Ma), the expansion of the Heilongjiang River (Amur River) basin and the uplift of Sakhalin Island have led to an approximately 2-fold increase in sedimentary flux.
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Key words:
- East Asian continental margin /
- Cenozoic /
- sedimentary flux /
- controlling factor /
- sedimentology /
- marine geology
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图 1 东亚陆缘盆地区域位置
黑色线条与红色点代表本文中所使用的多道地震测线与钻井资料，其余颜色为河流流域范围；1.北萨哈林盆地；2.千岛盆地；3.东海陆架盆地；4.冲绳海槽；5.南海海盆；6.南海陆架盆地
Fig. 1. The location of the East Asian continental margin basin
图 2 南海陆缘及深海盆地沉积通量对比
Fig. 2. Comparison of sedimentary flux in South China Sea continental margin basin and South China Sea basin
图 3 日本海盆地的沉积速率变化
蓝色为IODP钻井的沉积速率，据Tada et al.（2015）；黄色据Lee et al.（2001）
Fig. 3. Variation of sedimentation rate in Japan Sea basin
图 4 日本海郁陵海盆沉积等厚图
Fig. 4. Isopach map of the Ulleung basin in different geological times
图 5 东亚陆缘盆地的沉积通量变化
北萨哈林岛盆地据Nicholsoneral, (2016): 千岛盆地据Prokudin(2015): 日本海盆据Kim et al.(2020)计算: 东海陆架盆地北部据Cukur et al.(2011): 冲绳海槽据Wang et al.(2024a): 南海深海盆地据Wang and Ding(2023): 南海陆缘盆地据Clift(2006)、黄维和汪品先(2006)、Xie et al.(2013)、Lei et al.(2015)
Fig. 5. Variation of sedimentary flux of East Asia continental margin basins
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