Analysis on Density Profile Characteristics of Naturally Deposited Snow and Avalanche Deposition
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摘要:
为明确区域积雪雪崩情况，对2024年1月喀纳斯雪崩区两条典型公路沿线积雪密度进行原位测量分析.基于中国西北大陆性气候条件下干冷积雪特征，对比自然降雪和雪崩堆积情况下的积雪密度特征，揭示积雪密度在垂直剖面上的变化规律.结果显示，不同情况下积雪密度的变化趋势具有相似性，但自然积雪的密度梯度和最大值与雪崩堆积体存在显著差异.因此，可结合积雪垂直剖面密度分布特征与最大值，提出判别雪体为自然积雪或雪崩堆积体的方法.研究成果为野外自然积雪及雪崩堆积体的分析和识别提供了科学依据.
Abstract:In order to clarify regional snow and avalanche conditions, the snow density along two typical highway lines in the Kanas avalanche area in January 2024 was measured. Based on the characteristics of dry and cold snow under the continental climate conditions of Northwest China, the density of naturally deposited snow and avalanche deposition is compared. The different characteristics of the density profiles at different conditions are identified. The results show that the trends of snow density profiles under the different conditions share similarities, but the density gradient and the maximum density change significantly from naturally deposited snow to avalanche deposition. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the vertical density profile and the maximum snow density, it can be identified whether a snow deposition is from natural snowfall or an avalanche. The outcomes provide a scientific basis for the analysis and identification of natural snow and avalanche deposits in the field.
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Key words:
- Kanas avalanche /
- snow density /
- naturally deposited snow /
- avalanche deposition /
- engineering geology
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图 2 公路沿线测点位置
Fig. 2. Location of the measurement points along the investigated highway
图 5 S232线K25+550处自然降雪测点及密度分布
a. 现场积雪情况；b. 测点密度情况
Fig. 5. Measurement point and data of natural snowfall at K25+550 on line S232
图 6 X852线自然降雪测点及密度分布
a. 现场积雪情况；b. 测点密度情况；c. 现场积雪情况；d. 测点密度情况. 图a和图b为K21+950处测点及数据情况；图c和图d为K30+650处测点及数据情况
Fig. 6. Measurement point and data of natural snowfall on line X852
图 7 雪崩测点及密度分布
a. 现场积雪情况；b. 测点密度情况；c. 现场积雪情况；d. 测点密度情况. 图a和图b为X852线K25+500处测点及数据情况；图c和图d为S232线K17+500处测点及数据情况
Fig. 7. Measurement point and data of snow avalanche deposit
图 8 各测点密度变化对比
实线为自然降雪点位，虚线为雪崩点位
Fig. 8. Comparison of snow density change at different measurement points
图 9 自然降雪区测点垂直剖面密度分布
Fig. 9. Vertical density profile of measurement points in natural snowfall areas
表 1 测点最大密度值、密度梯度及判别函数计算结果
Table 1. The maximum density value, density gradient and discriminant function calculation results of the measuring point
测点 $ {\rho }_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $(g/cm3) $ \int \frac{\mathrm{d}\rho }{\mathrm{d}z}\mathrm{d}z $(g/cm4) $ {\tilde{\rho }}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} $ $ {\tilde{G}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{t}} $ $ F $值 标签 类别 S232:K17+500 0.483 0.043 70 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 雪崩堆积体 S232:K25+550 0.328 0.015 85 0.115 0.000 0.069 0 自然积雪 X852:K21+950 0.337 0.017 11 0.166 0.045 0.114 0 自然积雪 X852:K25+500 0.431 0.022 41 0.703 0.236 0.506 1 雪崩堆积体 X852:K30+650 0.308 0.019 01 0.000 0.114 0.068 0 自然积雪 
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