Research Progress and Prospects of Gas Geochemical Exploration
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摘要: 随着我国矿产勘查程度持续提高，覆盖区隐伏矿床勘查已成为未来重要方向.系统回顾了以气体为勘查介质在覆盖区找矿的研究进展，分析了与矿化相关气体用于勘查的原理、特征、来源及运移机制，总结了环境因素对其运移与富集的影响.针对不同类型的气体（CO2、烃类气体、含硫气体、惰性气体Rn、He及Hg），归纳了其在矿产勘查中的应用特征及面临的挑战，提出了多种气体联合测量在金属硫化物矿床勘查方面的优势.尽管气体地球化学方法在找矿实践中成效显著，但各类气体的成因机制、运移规律及其影响因素仍需深入研究，相关理论体系有待完善.同时，亟需构建涵盖气体地球化学异常检测、识别、追踪与评价的综合体系，以提升该方法的普适性和有效性.Abstract: As mineral exploration in China continues to advance, the search for concealed deposits in covered areas has become a crucial future direction. In this paper it systematically reviews the research progress in using gases as prospecting media for mineral exploration in covered terrains. It analyzes the principles, characteristics, sources, and migration mechanisms of mineralization-related gases used in exploration, summarizes the influence of environmental factors on their migration and enrichment. For different types of gases (such as CO2, hydrocarbon gases, sulfur-bearing gases, inert gases Rn and He, and mercury vapor (Hg)), it summarizes their application characteristics and challenges in mineral exploration, highlighting the advantages of multi-gas joint surveys specifically for metallic sulfide deposits. Although gas geochemical methods have demonstrated significant effectiveness in exploration practice, the genetic mechanisms, migration patterns, and influencing factors of various gases require further in-depth research, and the related theoretical framework needs refinement. Concurrently, there is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive system encompassing the detection, identification, tracing, and evaluation of gas geochemical anomalies to enhance the applicability and effectiveness of this method.
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图 1 贱金属和金矿床勘查方法随矿床埋深变化示意（修改自Schodde，2017）
Fig. 1. Exploration methods for base metals and gold deposits changes with depth of deposits (modified from Schodde, 2017)
图 2 气源释放一定质量的气体进入上方均匀介质中（修改自Oakes，1984）
Fig. 2. A gas source releases a mass of gas into a uniform medium above (modified from Oakes, 1984)
图 3 矿化相关气体运移机制（修改自Anand et al.，2016）
Fig. 3. Mechanism of migration of mineralization-related gases (modified from Anand et al., 2016)
图 4 土壤中气体赋存形式（修改自Ruan and Cheng, 1991）
Fig. 4. Forms of gas occurrence in soil (modified from Ruan and Cheng, 1991)
图 6 被动采样装置示意（修改自张文宇，2016）
Fig. 6. Diagram of passive sampling device (modified from Zhang, 2016)
图 7 CO2找矿实例
a. Cortez Au矿床CO2测量结果；b. Kiska Porspect硫化物矿床CO2-O2测量结果；c. 氧化还原驱动气体运移模型；d. 蔡家营铅锌矿CO2测量结果. a. 修改自Muntean and Taufen（2011）；b.修改自Highsmith（2004）；c. 修改自Hamilton et al.（2004a）；d. 修改自殷萤和徐外生（1991）
Fig. 7. Examples of CO2 exploration
图 8 亚利桑那州夏天和冬天CO2测量结果对比（修改自Reid and Rasmussen, 1990）
Fig. 8. Comparison of CO2 measurement results in summer and winter in Arizona (modified from Reid and Rasmussen, 1990)
图 9 Crandon块状硫化物矿床CH4测量结果（a‒b）、含Mo石英脉中的CH4流体包裹体（c）和选厂沟金矿床CO2测量结果（d）
a，b. 修改自McCarthy and Reimer（1986）；c.修改自Polito et al.（2001）；d. 修改自万卫等（2023）
Fig. 9. CH4 measurement results from the Crandon massive sulfide deposit (a‒b), CH4 fluid inclusions in Mo-bearing quartz veins (c) and CO2 measurement results from the Xuanchanggou gold deposit (d)
图 10 江苏白家村Cu矿床H2S测量结果（a）、新墨西哥州Torpedo矿床上方COS测量结果（b）和美国亚利桑那州North Silver Bell矿床COS、Cu、Mo、CS2、SO2测量结果（c）
a. 修改自Jin et al.（1989）；b.修改自Oakes and Hale（1987）；c，d. 修改自Hinkle and Dilbert（1984）
Fig. 10. H2S measurement results from the Baijia Village Cu deposit in Jiangsu (a), COS measurement results above the Torpedo deposit in New mexico (b) and measurements of COS, Cu, Mo, CS2, and SO2 from the North Silver Bell deposit in Arizona, USA (c)
图 11 粤北某U矿床氡气测量结果（a）、鄂尔多斯某盆地U矿床氡气测量结果（b）、Koongarra U矿床氦气测量结果（c）和102 U矿床氦气测量结果（d）
a.修改自姜涛等（2018）；b.修改自刘汉彬等（2023）；c.修改自许来生（1999）；d.修改自刘庆余（1988）
Fig. 11. Radon gas measurement results from a U deposit in northern Guangdong (a), radon gas measurement results from a U deposit in the Ordos basin (b), helium gas measurement results from the Koongarra U deposit (c) and helium gas measurement results from the 102U deposit (d)
图 12 Urals铜矿床汞气测量图（a）和莲花山矿床壤中汞气异常图（b）
a.修改自Fursov（1990）；b.修改自常凤池等（1989）
Fig. 12. Mercury gas measurement map from the Urals copper deposit (a) and mercury gas anomaly map in the Lianhuashan deposit (b)
图 13 蒙亚啊矿床（a）PM44土壤气体联合测量图和PM12土壤气体联合测量图（b）
Fig. 13. Mengya'a deposit PM44 soil gas combined measurement map (a) and PM12 soil gas combined measurement map (b)
图 14 驱龙矿床PM01土壤气体联合测量图（a. 据Li et al., 2025）和普朗矿床PM12土壤气体联合测量图（b. 据沈啟武等，2025）
Fig. 14. PM01 soil gas combined measurement map at the Qulong deposit (a. modified from Li et al., 2025) and PM12 soil gas combined measurement map at the Pulang deposit (b. modified from Shen et al., 2025)
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