Seismic Dynamic Response and Damage Mechanism Analysis of Slope Reinforced by Pile-Anchor Structures
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摘要:
我国西南地区广泛分布层状岩质边坡，在地震作用下极易发生失稳破坏，诱发滑坡灾害.预应力锚索-抗滑桩组合支护作为最常用的加固措施，其地震动力响应机制复杂，目前基于震损演化规律的岩质边坡精细化抗震设计方法仍存在明显不足.鉴于此，以四川某岩质边坡为例，建立了预应力锚索-抗滑桩组合支护的PLAXIS数值模型，开展了地震作用下抗滑桩位置、长度、间距、锚索预应力与间距等参数的动力响应规律研究，并结合HHT边际谱方法研究震损发育机制与优化支护方案的抗震效能.获得以下主要研究结果：（1）位移响应分析表明易震损区主要分布在滑动面上缘露头与下缘，应分别采用注浆或锚索加密等措施加强；（2）桩身0.3 L~0.4 L区域为震损破坏核心区，适当加长桩长并合理布置间距可降低锚索超限风险，提升整体承载能力；（3）锚索在组合结构中更易破坏，预应力提升有助群锚协同受力，锚索间在震损易发区域加密30%，其他区域适当放宽的差异化布设方案可优化荷载分配、降低坡表动力响应；（4）通过边际谱分析，从震损能量的角度验证了“局部强化，整体协调”方案可抑制上缘震损，边际谱幅值降低约48%.研究成果可为地震区岩质边坡的抗震支护设计提供理论参考与工程依据.
Abstract:Layered rock slopes are widely distributed in southwest China and are highly susceptible to instability and landslides under seismic loading. Prestressed anchor-anti-sliding pile composite support is one of the most commonly used reinforcement measures, yet its seismic response mechanism is complex, and refined seismic design methods for rock slopes based on damage evolution remain insufficient. To address this, a PLAXIS numerical model of a prestressed anchor-anti-sliding pile composite structure was established for a representative rock slope in Sichuan Province. The seismic response patterns of key parameters, including pile position, length, spacing, and anchor prestress and spacing, were investigated. The HHT-based marginal spectrum method was employed to analyze damage development mechanisms and evaluate the seismic effectiveness of optimized reinforcement layouts. The main findings are as follows. (1) Displacement response analysis indicates that seismic damage is most likely to occur near the upper and lower ends of the sliding surface. Grouting and localized anchorage densification are recommended in these zones. (2) The region around 0.3 L-0.4 L of the anti-slide pile is identified as the seismic damage core zone. Extending pile length and optimizing pile spacing can help reduce the risk of tensile failure in anchors and enhance overall bearing capacity. (3) Anchors are more prone to failure than piles in the combined support system. Increasing prestress improves anchor synergy. A differentiated layout strategy—densifying anchor distribution by 30% in seismic-prone zones and relaxing it in stable areas—can optimize load transfer and reduce slope surface response. (4) Marginal spectrum analysis from an energy-based perspective further confirms the effectiveness of the "localized reinforcement, overall coordination" strategy. This approach suppresses seismic damage near the upper slope and reduces the marginal spectral amplitude by approximately 48%. Therefore, the findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for seismic support design of rock slopes in earthquake-prone regions.
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图 1 原型边坡现场区域图与剖面图
a.区域图；b.剖面图
Fig. 1. Site area and cross-section of the prototype slope
图 3 三维数值模型
x与y方向边界条件为自由边界，z方向底部为固定边界.灰色部分为软弱夹层，黄色部分为上下正负界面
Fig. 3. Three-dimensional numerical model
图 4 0.1 g白噪声激励下模型的传递函数
Fig. 4. Transfer function of the model under 0.1 g white noise excitation
图 7 不同抗滑桩位置时的剪应力云图
a.无抗滑桩；b.桩位2；c.桩位3；d.桩位4
Fig. 7. Shear stress contour maps for different anti-sliding pile positions
图 8 不同监测时间下抗滑桩弯矩与剪力图(t=20 s)
a.弯矩图；b.剪力图
Fig. 8. Bending moment and shear force diagrams of anti-sliding piles at different monitoring times (t=20 s)
图 9 不同加速度输入下抗滑桩峰值弯矩与剪力图(t=20 s)
a.弯矩图；b.剪力图
Fig. 9. Peak bending moment and shear force diagrams of anti-sliding piles under different acceleration inputs (t=20 s)
图 10 不同抗滑桩桩长下桩锚结构受力
a.0.10 g；b.0.15 g
Fig. 10. Structural forces of the pile-anchor system under different anti-sliding pile lengths
图 11 不同抗滑桩桩间距下桩锚结构受力(0.10 g)
Fig. 11. Structural forces of the pile-anchor system under different anti-sliding pile spacings (0.10 g)
图 13 不同监测时间下锚索轴力响应
Fig. 13. Axial force response of anchor cables at different monitoring times
图 14 不同强度地震波时的锚索峰值轴力
Fig. 14. Peak axial force of anchor cables under seismic waves of different intensities
图 15 不同振幅边坡坡体峰值加速度响应云图
a.0.05 g坡体峰值加速度；b.0.10 g坡体峰值加速度；c.0.15 g坡体峰值加速度
Fig. 15. Peak acceleration response contour maps of the slope under different amplitudes
图 16 不同锚索预应力下锚索峰值轴力变化
Fig. 16. Variation of peak axial force of anchor cables under different prestress levels
图 17 不同强度地震输入下锚索峰值轴力
a. 2.5 m；b. 1 m
Fig. 17. Peak axial force of anchor cables under seismic inputs of different intensities
图 18 设置抗震等级0.15 g优化间距参数下锚索峰值轴力
Fig. 18. Peak axial force of anchor cables under optimized spacing parameters for seismic intensity of 0.15 g
图 19 设置抗震等级0.15 g优化前后监测点位移与放大系数
a.位移；b.放大系数
Fig. 19. Displacement and amplification factor of monitoring points before and after optimization under 0.15 g seismic intensity
图 20 坡表加速度时程监测点布置
Fig. 20. Layout of monitoring points for slope surface acceleration time histories
图 21 等间距支护在0.1 g地震波时测点边际谱图
Fig. 21. Marginal spectrum of monitoring points under 0.1 g seismic wave with uniformly spaced support
图 22 工况二下桩锚支护坡面附近监测点边际谱图
Fig. 22. Marginal spectrum of monitoring points near the pile-anchor reinforced slope surface under working condition Ⅱ
图 23 工况三下桩锚支护坡面附近监测点边际谱图
Fig. 23. Marginal spectrum of monitoring points near the pile-anchor reinforced slope surface under working condition Ⅲ
表 1 数值计算模型材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of the numerical calculation model
材料 重度γ(kN• m-3) 弹性模量E(MPa) 泊松比υ 内摩擦角θ(°) 黏聚力c(kPa) 含碎石粉质黏土 19 24 0.35 15.5 23 强风化泥质页岩 21 65 0.30 19.0 46 中风化泥质页岩 24 450 0.25 29.0 120 中风化粉砂质页岩 24 1 800 0.25 35.0 298 
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表 2 抗滑桩模型参数
Table 2. Model parameters of anchor anti-sliding pile
参数 量值 重度γ(kN·m-3) 24 弹性模量E(MPa) 30 000 泊松比υ 0.2
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表 3 锚索模型参数
Table 3. Model parameters of anchor cable
参数 量值 重度γ(kN·m-3) 78 弹性模量E(MPa) 200 000 泊松比υ 0.2 预应力(kN) 500
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表 4 边坡模型瑞利阻尼参数
Table 4. Rayleigh damping parameters of the slope model
阻尼类型 质量参与系数α 刚度阻尼系数β 第1主振型周期T1(s) 第2主振型周期T2(s) 瑞利阻尼 0.765 29 3.183 1×10-3 6.67 0.152
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表 5 抗滑桩长度参数设置
Table 5. Length parameter settings of anti-sliding piles
工况 刚度E(MPa) 桩长L(m) 桩间距D(m) 1 30 000 25 4 2 30 000 30 4 3 30 000 35 4 4 30 000 40 4 5 30 000 45 4
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表 6 抗滑桩间距参数设置
Table 6. Spacing parameter settings of anti-sliding piles
工况 刚度E(MPa) 桩长L(m) 间距D(m) 1 30 000 35 3 2 30 000 35 4 3 30 000 35 5 4 30 000 35 6 5 30 000 35 7
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表 7 锚索预应力参数设置
Table 7. Prestress parameter settings of anchor cables
工况 刚度
E(MPa)锚索预应力
F(kN)锚索间距
D(m)1 20 000 300 3 2 20 000 400 3 3 20 000 500 3 4 20 000 600 3 5 20 000 700 3
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