基于隧道实验的机动车大气污染物实时排放因子研究

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.170

基于隧道实验的机动车大气污染物实时排放因子研究

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.170

江惟缌¹,
孔少飞^1,2, ,,
燕莹莹^1,2,
吴剑^1,2,
郑煌^1,2

1 中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 湖北武汉, 430074;
2 湖北省大气复合污染研究中心, 湖北武汉, 430074

基金项目:

湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2022CFA040)

国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3709802)

详细信息

作者简介:
江惟缌(2001-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为机动车污染物排放清单编制，ORCID:0009-0008-1147-9105,E-mail:3169459232@qq.com.

通讯作者:
孔少飞(1986-)，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大气污染源排放测量与定量表征研究，ORCID:0000-0001-9735-6852,E-mail:kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn.

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-08

Real-Time Emission Factors of Motor Vehicle Air Pollutants Based on Tunnel Experiments

JIANG Weisi¹,
KONG Shaofei^{1,2
, ,},
YAN Yingying^1,2,
WU Jian^1,2,
ZHENG Huang^1,2

摘要

摘要: 机动车大气污染物动态排放因子是制约实时排放清单精度提升的一个关键参数.本研究选取某城市隧道，结合在线设备和监控摄像头开展7种大气污染物浓度和车流量的实时监测，采用YOLOv8l深度学习目标检测模型和SORT目标跟踪算法，获取车辆类型和速度；采用排放强度比值，推算车队整体和分车型的大气污染物排放因子CO、NO、NO₂、NO_X、SO₂、BC和PM_2.5的平均排放因子分别为1064.9 ± 479.8、496.5 ± 209.3、55.5 ± 30.4、578.6 ± 267.6、6.3 ± 2.2、3.3 ± 1.5和37.7 ± 19.2 mg km^-1 辆^-1；车队整体排放因子分别为 634.7 ± 477.2、 266.0 ± 142.9、 26.4 ± 13.5、302.3 ± 159.5、3.5 ± 1.9、2.0 ± 1.1和19.8 ± 12.3 mg km^-1.隧道内周末的日车流量为工作日的88.6%，工作日除PM_2.5外的污染物的排放因子是周末的1.0～1.48倍. 在逐小时排放因子情境下，凌晨的柴油车流量占比是其余时间的1.6倍，各污染物的凌晨高值分别是其余时间平均值的2.0～3.5倍；车队排放呈现出早晚（7:00～9:00；17:00～19:00）双峰特征，为全天平均值的1.8～3.3倍.本研究可为区域高精度动态机动车排放清单构建和机动车排放污染物的精准管控提供基础数据和科学依据.
- 隧道实验 /
- 大气污染物 /
- 动态排放因子 /
- 图像识别 /
- 单一车辆与车队
Abstract: Dynamic emission factors of motor vehicle air pollutants are a key parameter limiting the improvement of real-time emission inventory accuracy. In this study, a tunnel in a metropolitan area was selected as an observation site. Real-time monitoring of the concentrations of seven air pollutants (CO, NO, NO₂, NO_X, SO₂, BC, and PM_2.5) and traffic flow was conducted using online monitoring instruments and surveillance cameras. Vehicle type and speed were obtained by applying the YOLOv8l deep learning object detection model in combination with the SORT tracking algorithm. Based on the emission intensity ratio method, the average emission factors for the entire fleet and for different vehicle categories were estimated to be 1064.9 ± 479.8, 496.5 ± 209.3, 55.5 ± 30.4, 578.6 ± 267.6, 6.3 ± 2.2, 3.3 ± 1.5, and 37.7 ± 19.2 mg km^-1 veh^-1 for CO, NO, NO₂, NO_X, SO₂, BC, and PM_2.5, respectively. The overall fleet emission factors were 634.7 ± 477.2, 266.0 ± 142.9, 26.4 ± 13.5, 302.3 ± 159.5, 3.5 ± 1.9, 2.0 ± 1.1, and 19.8 ± 12.3 mg km^-1 for these pollutants, respectively. During the observation period, the average daily traffic volume on weekends was 88.6% of that on weekdays. Except for PM_2.5, weekday emission factors for all pollutants were 1.0 ~ 1.48 times higher than those on weekends. Hourly analysis showed that the proportion of diesel vehicles during the early morning was 1.6 times that of other periods, with pollutant emission peaks 2.0 ~ 3.5 times the daily average. Fleet emissions exhibited a bimodal diurnal pattern, peaking during morning (07:00 ~ 09:00) and evening (17:00 ~ 19:00) rush hours at 1.8 ~ 3.3 times the daily average. The findings provide essential data and scientific support for constructing high-resolution dynamic motor vehicle emission inventories and implementing refined control strategies for vehicular pollutant emissions.
- Tunnel Test /
- Atmospheric Pollutants /
- Dynamic Emission Factors /
- Image Recognition /
- Individual Vehicle and Vehicle Fleet

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参考文献(127)

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基于隧道实验的机动车大气污染物实时排放因子研究

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.170

作者简介:
江惟缌(2001-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为机动车污染物排放清单编制，ORCID:0009-0008-1147-9105,E-mail:3169459232@qq.com.

通讯作者:
孔少飞(1986-)，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大气污染源排放测量与定量表征研究，ORCID:0000-0001-9735-6852,E-mail:kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn.

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Real-Time Emission Factors of Motor Vehicle Air Pollutants Based on Tunnel Experiments

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基于隧道实验的机动车大气污染物实时排放因子研究

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.170

作者简介: 江惟缌(2001-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为机动车污染物排放清单编制，ORCID:0009-0008-1147-9105,E-mail:3169459232@qq.com.

通讯作者: 孔少飞(1986-)，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大气污染源排放测量与定量表征研究，ORCID:0000-0001-9735-6852,E-mail:kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn.

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Real-Time Emission Factors of Motor Vehicle Air Pollutants Based on Tunnel Experiments

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
江惟缌(2001-)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为机动车污染物排放清单编制，ORCID:0009-0008-1147-9105,E-mail:3169459232@qq.com.

通讯作者:
孔少飞(1986-)，教授，博士生导师，主要从事大气污染源排放测量与定量表征研究，ORCID:0000-0001-9735-6852,E-mail:kongshaofei@cug.edu.cn.