Deformation Sequence, Metallogenic Age Setting and Ore-Controlling Structures of Longwangjiang Gold-Antimony Ore-Field in West Hunan, South China
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摘要: 为厘清湘西龙王江金锑矿田构造变形序列、控矿构造并揭示矿田形成的时代及构造背景，利用细致的构造解析与含矿石英脉热液锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年，结合区域构造演化和测年资料，厘定了研究区由早至晚经历了6期构造变形事件：志留纪晚期NW-NWW向挤压、中三叠世晚期NW-NWW向挤压、晚三叠世近SN向挤压、中侏罗世晚期NWW向挤压、白垩纪区域NW-SE向伸展、古近纪中晚期NEE向-NE向挤压；获得了石英矿脉热液锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为（211.8±4.8）Ma.综合分析认为：龙王江矿田成矿可能主要发生于晚三叠世（211~206 Ma），成矿背景与印支期华南陆缘碰撞触发的陆内造山后碰撞阶段岩浆活动及晚期热液有关.矿田构造定位于龙王江断裂（F1）和黑土坡断裂（F2）反向逆冲围限的断夹块中，F1和F3（江东湾断裂）是导矿构造，NE-NNE向强劈理化带（剪切带）和F3为配矿兼含矿构造；配矿兼含矿构造深部具有较大找矿潜力，陶金坪-火毛塘一带构造应力集中部位可重点部署勘查工作.Abstract: To clarify the deformation sequence and ore-controlling structures of the Longwangjiang Au-Sb ore-field in West Hunan, as well as to reveal the age and tectonic setting of its formation, it conducted detailed structural analyses and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of ore-bearing quartz vein hydrothermal zircon. Additionally, it comprehensively analyzed regional tectonic evolution and age data. The study area underwent six stages of structural deformation events, progressing from early to late: Late Silurian NW-NWW compression, late Middle Triassic NW-NWW compression, late Late Triassic near SN compression, late Middle Jurassic NWW compression, Cretaceous regional NW-SE extension, and Mid-Late Cenozoic NEE-NE compression. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of the quartz vein hydrothermal zircon was determined to be (211.8±4.8) Ma. The comprehensive analysis suggests that: mineralization primarily occurred during the Late Triassic (211-206 Ma) and the formation of the Longwangjiang ore-field is associated with late-stage hydrothermal activity triggered by the collision of the Indochina period with the South China margin during the intracontinental collision phase. The ore-field is situated within a block confined by the reverse thrust of the Longwangjiang fault (F1) and the Heitupo fault (F2). The F1 and F3 faults serve as ore-guiding structures, while the NE-NNE-trending strong foliated zones (shear zones) and the Jiangdongwan fault serve as ore-distributing and ore-bearing structures simultaneously. The ore-distributing and ore-bearing structures in the deep parts of the ore deposit have great mineral exploration potential; the Taojinping-Huomaotang area is a key region for exploration due to concentrated structural stress.
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图 2 龙王江金锑矿田及邻区地质图（a.据湖南省地质调查院，2017）、构造剖面图（b）及观察点上构造形迹与应力场方位（c）
1. 白垩系；2. 二叠系；3. 奥陶系；4. 寒武系；5. 震旦系；6. 上南华统；7. 下. 中南华统；8. 新元古代高涧群岩门寨组；9. 断裂；10. 正断裂及产状；11. 逆断裂及产状；12. 角度不整合界线/平行不整合界线；13. 倒转向斜轴迹；14. 倒转背斜轴迹；15. 矿脉及编号；16. 正常岩层产状；17. 倒转岩层产状；18. 断裂编号/褶皱编号；19. 矿床；20. 褶皱；21. 逆断裂或逆冲剪切破裂；22. 正断裂；23. 左行剪切断裂或破裂；24. 右行剪切断裂或破裂；25. 顺层剪切断裂；26. 板劈理；27. 加里东运动构造形迹及应力方位；28. 印支运动早幕（中三叠世晚期）构造形迹及应力方位；29. 印支运动晚幕（晚三叠世）构造形迹及应力方位；30. 早燕山运动（中侏罗世晚期）构造形迹及应力方位；31. 白垩纪构造形迹及伸展应力；32. 古近纪中晚期构造形迹及应力方位；33. 古近纪‒新近纪构造形迹及应力方位.断裂名称：F1.龙王江断裂（洞坪断裂）；F2.黑土坡断裂；F3.江东湾断裂.褶皱名称：f1.江东湾倒转向斜；f2.江溪垄倒转背斜
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Longwangjiang Au-Sb ore-field and adjacent areas (a. according to HIGS, 2017), structural profile (b), and structural features and stress field orientations at observation points (c)
图 3 龙王江金锑矿田典型矿脉（体）特征
a. 龙王江金锑矿床受NE-NNE向断裂控制的矿脉；b. 泥潭冲金锑矿床受EW向逆断裂控制的矿脉；c，d. 南江坪金锑矿床受NE-NNE向劈理化带（剪切带）控制的矿脉
Fig. 3. Typical ore vein characteristics of Longwangjiang Au-Sb ore-field
图 4 D351点断裂、剪切破裂特征及其应力图解
a. NWW向剪切破裂L1切割近EW向剪切破裂L2；b. EW向剪切破裂L2与NE向剪切破裂L3互相切割和限制；c. 正阶步示NWW向剪切破裂L1右行走滑；d. 正阶步示近EW向剪切破裂L2左行走滑；e. 与L3对应的NE向断裂F2；f. 正阶步示NE向剪切破裂L3右行走滑；g. NE向同沉积正断裂F1；h. NE向同沉积正断裂F1错位效应；发育多个裂面时，产状取倾向和倾角的加权平均值；应力图解中“○”示最大主应力σ1；“□”示中间主应力σ2；“△”示最小主应力σ3；“→”示上盘运动方向；黑边宽箭头示挤压应力的水平方位；下同
Fig. 4. Fault and shear fracture characteristics and its stress diagram at D351
图 5 D532点及其南（南东）面构造变形特征
a. D532点剖面特征；b. 倾向SE脆韧性剪切断裂F1、F2；c. 剪切断裂F2中剪切褶皱；d. 倾向SE脆韧性剪切断裂F1与倾向NW剪切破裂控制石英脉；e. EW向剪切破裂L2左行切错SN向剪切破裂L1；f. 反阶步示SN向剪切破裂L1左行；g. 反阶步示EW向剪切破裂L2左行；h. 偷溪口缓倾面理；i.南银潭冲东面陡倾面理（岩层倒转）
Fig. 5. Structural deformation characteristics at D532 and its south (southeast) area
图 6 D533点构造特征及采样位置
a. D533点剖面特征；b. 反阶步示NW向剪切破裂L1右行；c. NE向断裂NW盘顺面理发育的石英脉；d. 正阶步示SN向剪切破裂L2左行；e. 断裂带Ⅰ带硅化破碎带特征；f. 断裂带Ⅰ带石英脉因挤压形成的石香肠；j. 断裂带Ⅰ带中石英脉体破碎及揉皱变形；h. 断裂带Ⅱ带板岩特征；i. 断裂带Ⅲ带硅化破碎带中印支期NW倾裂面.黄色五角星处为石英脉锆石定年采样位置
Fig. 6. Deformation characteristics and sampling location at D533
图 8 龙王江矿田及外围地区变形序列与成矿事件
Fig. 8. Major tectonic and metallogenic events in the Longwangjiang ore-field and its adjacent areas
图 9 龙王江矿田含矿石英脉锆石阴极发光（CL）图像（a）、U-Pb年龄频谱图（b）及年龄谐和图与加权平均值（c）
Fig. 9. Cathodoluminescence (CL) image (a), U-Pb age spectrum (b), concordia diagram, and weighted average (c) of zircon from the ore-bearing quartz veins in the Longwangjiang ore-field
图 10 龙王江金锑矿田石英脉锆石成因判别图（底图据Hoskin，2005）
Fig. 10. Discrimination diagrams of zircons from quartz veins in the Longwangjiang Au-Sb ore-field (after Hoskin, 2005)
图 11 龙王江矿矿田及区域三叠纪金‒锑‒钨成矿构造背景（改自Gao et al.，2017）
Fig. 11. The tectonic setting of Triassic Au-Sb-W mineralization in the Longwangjiang ore-field and region (modified from Gao et al., 2017)
表 1 龙王江金锑矿区及外围地区构造变形序列
Table 1. Structural deformation sequence of Longwangjiang Au-Sb ore field and adjacent areas
时代 变形期次 构造变形 实例 区域构造体制 形成构造动力背景 E2-E3 D6 EW向左行剪切破裂 D531、D532 NEE-NE向挤压 印度‒欧亚板块碰撞远程效应 NE向右行剪切破裂、断裂 D531 K D5 NEE向正断裂、溆浦断陷盆地 D531 区域伸展 古太平洋板块俯冲弧后伸展等 J2晚期 D4 NNE向石英脉石香肠 D533 NWW向挤压 早燕山运动，古太平洋板块俯冲 NNE向卷入面理和石英脉的褶皱 D533 T3 D3 NW向右行剪切破裂 D533 SN向挤压 印支运动晚幕，陆缘碰撞远程效应 EW向逆断裂（含矿） 泥潭冲V3脉 T2晚期 D2 NNE-NE向逆冲剪切破裂、断裂 D532、D533；F1（图 2） NWW-NW向挤压 印支运动早幕，陆内造山 SN向左行剪切破裂 D532、D533 S晚期 D1 NE-NNE向板劈理 D532、D533、D535、D536 NW-NWW向挤压 加里东运动，扬子与华夏陆内汇聚 NE向顺层脆韧性剪切带（含矿） D532、D533、D535 NE向褶皱及断裂F1和F2 D532南东、D536北西；f1、f2（图 2） 
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表 2 含矿石英脉锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb分析结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis results of zircon from ore-bearing quartz veins
测点 含量（10‒6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ D533‒1 509 450 1.13 0.065 00 0.000 74 1.099 66 0.020 91 0.122 71 0.002 18 776 24 746 13 D533‒2 126 1 970 0.06 0.112 35 0.000 83 5.347 52 0.092 97 0.344 63 0.005 65 1 839 13 1 909 27 D533‒3 246 2 183 0.11 0.127 64 0.002 26 6.798 30 0.273 85 0.377 52 0.009 54 2 066 31 2 065 45 D533‒4 69 147 0.47 0.067 22 0.001 14 1.249 96 0.024 54 0.135 17 0.002 10 856 35 817 12 D533‒6 174 368 0.47 0.066 26 0.000 80 1.237 51 0.020 71 0.135 45 0.001 99 815 24 819 11 D533‒7 168 185 0.91 0.065 61 0.001 04 1.145 07 0.024 15 0.126 71 0.002 16 794 33 769 12 D533‒8 107 202 0.53 0.070 40 0.000 91 1.527 79 0.029 60 0.156 95 0.002 24 939 22 940 12 D533‒9 38 44 0.87 0.066 72 0.001 81 1.153 41 0.030 63 0.126 76 0.002 62 828 56 769 15 D533‒10 13 907 0.01 0.162 31 0.001 25 10.446 78 0.160 20 0.465 84 0.006 43 2 480 8 2 465 28 D533‒11 295 411 0.72 0.168 75 0.001 18 11.081 97 0.188 41 0.475 53 0.007 74 2 546 21 2 508 34 D533‒12 254 169 1.50 0.070 97 0.001 11 1.252 92 0.025 29 0.127 91 0.001 87 967 32 776 11 D533‒13 114 119 0.95 0.066 48 0.001 20 1.245 04 0.024 07 0.136 15 0.002 00 820 38 823 11 D533‒14 110 798 0.14 0.155 72 0.001 22 9.408 30 0.180 52 0.437 57 0.008 02 2 410 18 2 340 36 D533‒15 88 202 0.43 0.070 57 0.001 04 1.205 11 0.022 90 0.124 16 0.002 13 946 31 754 12 D533‒16 132 283 0.47 0.121 00 0.001 03 5.366 69 0.089 86 0.321 12 0.004 85 1 972 10 1 795 24 D533‒17 170 221 0.77 0.067 58 0.000 95 1.207 61 0.019 10 0.129 72 0.001 67 857 28 786 10 D533‒19 367 255 1.44 0.066 84 0.001 05 1.189 24 0.021 99 0.129 19 0.001 94 833 33 783 11 D533‒20 759 875 0.87 0.066 00 0.000 64 0.859 38 0.011 20 0.094 30 0.001 00 806 20 581 6 D533‒21 90 1 409 0.06 0.112 24 0.000 91 5.160 30 0.091 34 0.332 77 0.005 42 1 836 15 1 852 26 D533‒22 239 291 0.82 0.066 40 0.000 79 1.268 49 0.023 58 0.138 47 0.002 26 820 24 836 13 D533‒23 177 197 0.90 0.068 69 0.001 18 1.261 06 0.025 13 0.133 47 0.002 12 900 35 808 12 D533‒24 105 136 0.77 0.068 13 0.001 19 1.261 29 0.026 13 0.134 52 0.002 23 872 37 814 13 D533‒25 1 006 2 284 0.44 0.052 66 0.000 63 0.243 54 0.004 34 0.033 56 0.000 57 322 28 213 4 D533‒26 665 1 304 0.51 0.055 66 0.000 73 0.255 94 0.005 29 0.033 25 0.000 54 439 34 211 3 D533‒27 262 315 0.83 0.066 89 0.000 91 1.083 36 0.023 72 0.117 33 0.002 22 835 29 715 13 D533‒28 96 113 0.85 0.067 12 0.001 24 1.158 43 0.033 05 0.125 36 0.003 07 843 16 761 18
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