瑞士瓦莱州Blatten高位远程崩滑碎屑流成灾特征与级联放大效应

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.239

瑞士瓦莱州Blatten高位远程崩滑碎屑流成灾特征与级联放大效应

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.239

李滨¹,
高杨^1, ,,
庄宇²,
刘晓杰³,
张晗¹,
秦林鹏⁴,
郭桢^4,5,
殷跃平⁶

1 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京, 100081;
2 湖南大学土木工程学院, 长沙, 410082;
3 兰州理工大学土木工程学院, 兰州, 730050;
4 同济大学土木工程学院, 上海, 200092;
5 同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室, 上海, 200092;
6 中国地质环境监测院, 北京, 100081

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目课题(2024YF1700302)，国家自然科学基金(42177172)

详细信息

作者简介:
李滨，男，1981，研究员。主要从事地质灾害防灾减灾方面的研究。libin1102@163.com

通讯作者:
高杨，男，1989，研究员。主要从事地质灾害防灾减灾方面的研究。737263992@qq.com

中图分类号: TU443
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-26

Characteristics and cascading effects of the Blatten avalanche in the Swiss Alps

1 Institute of Geo-Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Geo-Sciences, Beijing, 100081;
2 College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082;
3 School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050;
4 College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092;
5 Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092;
6 China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, 100081

摘要

摘要: 2025年5月28日瑞士瓦莱州布拉滕村（Blatten）上游发生高位远程冰岩崩事件，滑体体积为830万方，运动距离为3300米，堆积面积为2.66平方公里，滑坡堆积导致1人遇难，300名居民撤离，隆扎河堰塞断流。本文综合遥感调查、滑震信号解译和动力学数值模拟等方法，揭示了瑞士Blatten高位远程冰岩碎屑流动力成灾过程与级联放大效应。结果表明：（1）瑞士Blatten滑坡发生过程主要呈现为高位冰岩崩加载-冰川融化变形-高位远程碎屑流成灾三个地质演化阶段；（2）该滑坡具有强烈的级联放大效应，上部危岩体逐渐垮塌堆积于Birch冰川之上，随着冰川上覆堆积逐渐积累和冰川强度的逐渐弱化，最终发生整体失稳，造成了此次巨大规模成灾；（3）冰屑和融水显著降低了滑体运动阻力，促进碎屑流低摩阻远程致灾。综上研究，认为在高位远程滑坡调查、风险评估与早期预警中，应充分考虑多次小滑坡累积成大灾的级联放大效应，该级联放大效应将大幅提高灾害的破坏力和危害性。瑞士Blatten滑坡为我国西部山区城镇风险区划和重大工程建设中面临的高位远程地质灾害风险提供了重要警示作用。
- 瑞士Blatten滑坡 /
- 失稳启动 /
- 级联放大效应 /
- 动力学分析 /
- LPF3D
Abstract: On 28 May 2025, a large rock-ice avalanche occurred at the Blatten village in Valais, Switzerland. The failure mobilized approximately 8.3 million m³ of material, traveled 3,300 m, and deposited over an area of 2.66 km³. The Blatten avalanche caused one fatality, buried the Blatten village and dammed the Lonza River. Integrating remote sensing analysis, seismic signal interpretation and numerical modeling, this study reconstructs the event and identifies its pronounced cascade amplification effects. The failure evolved through three distinct stages: high-altitude collapse, glacier melting and deformation, and transformation into a long-runout avalanche. Progressive debris accumulation and gradual glacier weakening were the key drivers of the large-scale hazard. In addition, low-friction ice and meltwater markedly reduced motion resistance, facilitating the long-runout movement. These findings highlight the need to account for the potential of multiple small-scale failures cascading into catastrophic events in avalanche risk assessments. The Blatten disaster offers important implications for hazard zoning and the planning of major infrastructure projects in high-mountain regions of western China.
- Blatten avalanche /
- avalanche initiation /
- cascade amplification effect /
- dynamic analysis /
- LPF3D