南岭地区正冲锂铷铯矿床云英斑岩成因

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.245

南岭地区正冲锂铷铯矿床云英斑岩成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.245

刘湘华^1,2,3,
许金梅²,
韦桂妹¹,
林寿洪⁴,
唐汉¹,
张博²,
赖健清²,
李斌^2, ,

1. 广西民族大学建筑工程学院, 广西南宁 530006;
2. 中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083;
3. 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司, 福建上杭 361008;
4. 湖南省地球物理地球化学调查所, 湖南长沙 410014

基金项目:

广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFAA010177)

广西民族大学科研基金资助项目(2023KJQD50)

紫金矿业集团股份有限公司科研项目(718010200)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘湘华(1986-),男,博士后,讲师,主要从事岩石地球化学与矿床学研究.E-mail:xianghua_geology@163.com,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-786X

通讯作者:
李斌(1985-),男,博导,教授,主要从事矿床地球化学教学与科研工作,E-mail:cutelb@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-0749

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- 收稿日期: 2025-07-30

Genesis of quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks from the Zhengchong lithium-rubidium-cesium deposit,Nanling region

1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, China;
2. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China;
3. Zijin Mining Group Company Limited, Shanghang 361008, Fujian, China;
4. Geophysical and Geochemical Survey Institute of HuNan, Changsha 410014, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 湖南道县正冲锂铷铯矿床是南岭地区正在开发的大型稀有金属矿床，锂金属储量Li₂O 26.9万吨，铷金属储量Rb₂O 10.9万吨，铯金属储量Cs₂O 0.6万吨. 该矿床成因与高分异花岗岩有关，成矿地质体为云英斑岩，具有全岩矿化特征. 云英斑岩呈深灰绿色，局部因铁质浸染呈红褐色，斑状结构，质地坚硬. 主要造岩矿物为石英、铁锂云母和黄玉，其中，赋矿矿物为铁锂云母. 副矿物有独居石、锆石、金红石、锡石、铌黑钨矿和钍石等. 云英斑岩中可见少量孔隙或晶洞，孔径0.2～3.0 mm. 目前，对于该矿床云英斑岩的成因仍存在较大争议：岩浆成因或交代成因？南岭地区此类特殊云英岩是稀有金属矿化的重要载体，其成因研究对完善稀有金属成矿机制具有重要意义. 基于野外地质调查、室内测试分析及综合研究，本文认为正冲矿床的云英斑岩并非云英岩化产物，而是形成于岩浆结晶分异作用最后阶段的较封闭体系，由富F（>2.8 wt.%）的含花岗质组分的水硅质流体固结而成，主要证据有：（1）云英斑岩和花岗岩（或花岗斑岩）接触界线的矿物比例呈突变特征，不论是宏观上还是微观上，几乎观察不到接触晕，且存在花岗岩捕掳体；（2）云英斑岩具有典型斑状结构，斑晶多呈自形，常见矿物-熔体包裹体，石英斑晶阴极发光（CL）图像显示原生生长环带；（3）云英斑岩中石英Al元素含量较均一，显示相对稳定的岩浆结晶环境，Ti元素平均含量高达21.8 μg/g；（4）云英斑岩中的云母几乎全为铁锂云母，白云母少见，且铁锂云母F元素含量较高，结合黄玉中F元素含量较低的特征，两者显示岩浆成因；（5）云英斑岩中独居石颗粒未见热液蚀变结构或蚀变矿物，Th元素平均含量高达6.1 wt.%，具有岩浆成因特征的Th/Ce、Y/LREE、Ca/Ce、Si/Ce比值；（6）云英斑岩全岩Y/Ho、Nb/Ta比值与稀土四分组效应TE_1-3值显示硅酸盐熔体微量元素地球化学特征，不同于存在显著岩浆-热液蚀变作用的花岗质岩石或云英岩. 地球化学模拟结果表明，云英斑岩可能是金鸡岭复式岩体多级原地结晶作用的产物.
- 高分异花岗岩 /
- 岩浆演化 /
- 稀有金属矿床 /
- 金鸡岭岩体 /
- 南岭地区
Abstract: The Zhengchong lithium-rubidium-caesium deposit in Daoxian County, Hunan Province, is a large rare metal deposit being developed in the Nanling region, with 269,000 tons of Li₂O, 109,000 tons of Rb₂O, and 6,000 tons of Cs₂O. The genesis of this deposit is related to highly fractionated granites. The ore-forming geological body is quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks with whole-rock mineralization characteristics. The quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks are dark gray-green, locally reddish-brown due to iron impregnation, with porphyritic structure and hard texture. The major rock forming minerals are quartz, zinnwaldite, and topaz, of which the ore-bearing mineral is zinnwaldite. The accessory minerals include monazite, zircon, rutile, cassiterite, niobium wolframoixiolite and thorite, etc. A small number of pores or miarolitic cavities with pore diameters ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 mm are present in the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks. At present, there is still a huge controversy about the genesis of the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks in this deposit: magmatic or metasomatic in origin? Such special greisens in the Nanling region serve as key hosts for rare metals, and studying their genesis is crucial for improving the mineralization mechanism of rare metals. Based on field geological investigations, laboratory tests and comprehensive studies, this paper concludes that the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks are not products of greisenization. Instead, they formed within a relatively closed system during the final stage of magmatic crystallization and differentiation, solidifying from hydrous silicate fluids containing granitic components and rich in fluorine (>2.8 wt.%). The main evidences are (1) the boundary between the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks and granites (or granite porphyries), both macroscopically and microscopically, is marked by an abrupt change in mineral proportions with almost nonexistent contact aureoles, and the existence of granite xenoliths in quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks; (2) the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks show porphyritic textures, and their phenocrysts mostly euhedral. Among them, the growth zones bend of quartz phenocrysts in cathodoluminescence (CL) images show a primary growth feature, and not the result of resorption. In addition, crystallized-melt inclusions are often present in phenocrysts; (3) the quartz Al content in the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks is relatively homogeneous, indicating stable magmatic crystallization conditions with an average Ti content as high as 21.8 ppm; (4) the mica in the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks is mostly zinnwaldite, and muscovite is rare. The F content in topaz and coexisting zinnwaldite support a magmatic origin; (5) no hydrothermal alteration structures or altered minerals have been identified in the monazite grains within the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks, and the average Th content is as high as 6.1 wt.%, with Th/Ce, Y/LREE, Ca/Ce, and Si/Ce ratios that are characteristic of igneous origin; (6) whole-rock Y/Ho, Nb/Ta ratios and TE_1-3 values (the deviation of the first and third tetrad of granite REE patterns from a hypothetical tetrad effect-free REE pattern) of the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks show characteristic behavior of trace element in silicate melts, which is different from that of granitic rocks or greisens that have undergone significant magmatic-hydrothermal alteration. Geochemical modeling results indicate that the quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks may be the product of multistage in situ crystallization of the Jinjiling complex.
- highly fractionated granite /
- magmatic evolution /
- rare metal deposit /
- Jinjiling complex /
- Nanling region

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南岭地区正冲锂铷铯矿床云英斑岩成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.245

作者简介:
刘湘华(1986-),男,博士后,讲师,主要从事岩石地球化学与矿床学研究.E-mail:xianghua_geology@163.com,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-786X

通讯作者:
李斌(1985-),男,博导,教授,主要从事矿床地球化学教学与科研工作,E-mail:cutelb@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-0749

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Genesis of quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks from the Zhengchong lithium-rubidium-cesium deposit,Nanling region

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留言板

南岭地区正冲锂铷铯矿床云英斑岩成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.245

作者简介: 刘湘华(1986-),男,博士后,讲师,主要从事岩石地球化学与矿床学研究.E-mail:xianghua_geology@163.com,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-786X

通讯作者: 李斌(1985-),男,博导,教授,主要从事矿床地球化学教学与科研工作,E-mail:cutelb@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-0749

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出版历程

Genesis of quartz-zinnwaldite-topaz porphyritic rocks from the Zhengchong lithium-rubidium-cesium deposit,Nanling region

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
刘湘华(1986-),男,博士后,讲师,主要从事岩石地球化学与矿床学研究.E-mail:xianghua_geology@163.com,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-786X

通讯作者:
李斌(1985-),男,博导,教授,主要从事矿床地球化学教学与科研工作,E-mail:cutelb@csu.edu.cn,ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-0749