构造交汇区应力场演化及其对裂缝发育的影响——以川北元坝、通南巴为例

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.260

构造交汇区应力场演化及其对裂缝发育的影响——以川北元坝、通南巴为例

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.260

1. 长江大学非常规油气湖北省协同创新中心, 湖北武汉 430100;
2. 中国石油新疆油田公司准东采油厂, 新疆阜康 831511;
3. 中国地质大学构造与油气教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074;
4. 中国石油吉林油田公司勘探事业部, 吉林松原 138000

基金项目:

国家十三五重大专项（编号2017ZX05008-001

2017ZX05008-005）

详细信息

作者简介:
唐永1：唐永（1981-），男，讲师，主要从事构造应力场地质分析、裂缝地质分析及数值模拟的研究。Email: water_0820@163.com

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-03

The Evolution of Stress Fields in Structural Intersection Zones and its Impact on Fracture Development: A Case Study of Yuanba and Tongnanba Area in Northern Sichuan

1. Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan, Hubei 430100, China;
2. Cainan Operation District of Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Fukang, Xinjiang 831511, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;
4. The Exploration Division of Jilin Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Songyuan, Jilin 138000, China

摘要

摘要: 构造交汇区致密砂岩储层往往受到不同方向、不同期次构造作用力的影响，致密砂岩储层在多期构造叠加改造下，形成不同密集程度、不同规模裂缝，裂缝的叠加改造大大增加了致密砂岩优势储集层刻画的难度。川东北元坝和通南巴上三叠统须家河组致密砂岩裂缝正是在大巴山冲断带、米仓山隆起、龙门山冲断带联合主导的交汇应力作用下所发育，这些多方向、多期次裂缝影响了川东北须家河组天然气的勘探开发。因此准确表征元坝、通南巴区块所处的构造交汇发育部位、特征、成因成为有效表达目标区块须家河组致密砂岩裂缝发育特征及空间分布规律的关键，是有效开发裂缝型气藏前提。利用川东北野外构造形迹实测数据，综合地震解释成果分析，明确交汇区构造空间特征，断裂分布的空间转化，并以此为基础分析和模拟构造交汇区不同区域的裂缝发育差异，解析构造交汇区对裂缝的控制作用。在构造应力场约束下，应用随机模拟技术体现裂缝发育区域单条裂缝之间方位偏转规律，表征自然裂缝的随机发育特征。研究结果显示，燕山晚期构造交汇区受到均一的北西-南东向构造应力作用，发育以北东向褶皱（九龙山背斜、通南巴背斜）为主，而喜山期构造交汇区呈现明显的差异：交汇区西部（元坝区块西部）发育北东向断裂，交汇区中部（元坝区块中东部）发育南北向断裂，而构造交汇区的东部（通南巴区块）发育北西向断裂。燕山晚期形成的NE向背斜控制裂缝分布，喜山期断裂控缝。构造交汇区自西向东，裂缝发育程度越来越高，控制裂缝的断层由形态简单的单条断层逐渐向由形态复杂单条断层控制、复杂的多条断层控制，裂缝方向也由西部（元坝区块西部）NW逐渐变化为东部（通南巴区块）NE。构造交汇区西部（元坝区块）主要由单条断层控制裂缝发育；往东构造交汇区中部（通南巴西部），主要由断层的弯曲、转折，以及断层的斜列来控制裂缝的发育；构造交汇区东部（通南巴东部）则主要发育距离较近断层联合控制，局部可见交切断层的交汇部位裂缝发育程度高。
- 构造交汇 /
- 应力场 /
- 裂缝 /
- 差异
Abstract: Tight sandstone reservoirs within tectonic intersection zones are shaped by multi-directional, polyphase stresses that generate fractures of variable density and scale. These structural overprints, superimposed on porosity variations from sedimentary and diagenetic processes, introduce strong heterogeneity, complicating reservoir characterization and prediction. Accurate delineation of fracture networks therefore requires systematic analysis of the geometry, evolution, and genetic mechanisms of intersection zones. By integrating field structural measurements with seismic interpretation, we constrained the spatial architecture of intersection zones and simulated fracture variability across subregions. Stochastic modeling under stress-field constraints captured directional deviations between individual fractures, reflecting the intrinsic randomness of natural systems. Results indicate that during the late Yanshanian, NW-SE directed compression dominated, producing NE-trending folds (Jiulongshan and Tongnanba anticlines) that exerted first-order control on fracture development. In contrast, Himalayan deformation was partitioned: NE-trending faults developed in the western Yuanbaarea, NS-trending faults in the central Yuanba, and NW-trending faults in the Tongnanbaarea. While Yanshanian folds primarily governed fracture distribution, Himalayan faults became the dominant control. From west to east, fracture intensity increases, with mechanisms evolving from single-fault control (Yuanba) to more complex fault bending, inflection, and enéchelon arrangements (western Tongnanba), culminating in dense fracture networks generated by intersecting faults in eastern Tongnanba.
- Structural intersection /
- Stress Field /
- Fracture /
- Difference

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