Abstract: The Huize lead-zinc mine is located in the karst plateau of northeastern Yunnan. Long term mining has formed a complex underground mining tunnel system below the local minimum erosion benchmark level of the Niulanjiang River. The interaction between karst surface water and groundwater in the mining area is extremely complex under the influence of mining activities. This article uses hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, tracer experiments, numerical simulations, and other methods to deeply explore the interaction process between surface water and groundwater in mining areas. The following conclusions are drawn: under natural conditions, groundwater is mainly supplied by atmospheric precipitation and discharged along the watershed to the Niulan River. Under the disturbance of mining (1950-2010), shallow mining had limited impact on the regional groundwater flow system, only causing a local water level drop and changing the direction of local runoff. Under the conditions of intensified interference (after 2010), the first period (2010-2025) presents the characteristics of "weak natural circulation in the shallow part and strong artificial discharge in the deep part". The shallow aquifer is weakly connected to the Niulan River, and the deep groundwater is discharged into the tunnel. The second period (after 2025) is characterized by a continuously expanding descending funnel, and it is predicted that the water level will decrease by about 64m, 103m, and 120m in the 5th, 10th, and 20th years. In summary, the interaction between karst surface water and groundwater in mining areas is controlled by the hydrogeological structure of karst and mining activities. The research results provide theoretical basis for the development of scientific and effective waterproofing and drainage plans in the Huize lead-zinc mining area.