藏北阿索地区早白垩世基性岩脉地球化学及年代学特征:对班公湖－怒江洋闭合时限的约束

曾孝文; 王明; 范建军; 于云鹏; 罗安波; 郝宇杰

doi:10.3799/qkx.2018.394

藏北阿索地区早白垩世基性岩脉地球化学及年代学特征:对班公湖－怒江洋闭合时限的约束

doi: 10.3799/qkx.2018.394

1.
吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061
2.
东北亚矿产资源评价自然资源部重点实验室, 吉林长春 130061

基金项目:

中国地质调查局区域地质调查项目 DD20160015

国家自然科学基金项目 41602230

中国地质调查局区域地质调查项目 DD20160026

详细信息

作者简介:
曾孝文(1995-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业, 从事青藏高原区域地质与构造地质研究

通讯作者:
王明

中图分类号: P611
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-15

Geochemistry and Chronological Characteristics of the Early Cretaceous Mafic Dikes in the Asa Area, North Tibet: Constraints on the Closure Time of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

1.
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China

摘要

摘要: 班公湖－怒江洋闭合时限是中特提斯洋演化争论的焦点之一，而基性岩脉对于识别构造环境转变具有重要意义.本文对阿索地区侵入构造混杂岩带中的基性岩脉进行了1件LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定和10件全岩地球化学元素分析.辉长岩脉获得了102.90±0.86 Ma（MSWD=1.4）的谐和年龄，全岩地球化学分析显示基性岩脉属于亚碱性系列，钙碱性辉长闪长岩类，样品轻微富集轻稀土元素，富集大离子亲石元素Th、U、Pb等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等.基性岩脉来源于被俯冲沉积物和板片流体改造过的亏损地幔源区，由尖晶石二辉橄榄岩高程度部分熔融形成，未经历明显的地壳混染过程.结合构造环境判别图解和前人研究结果，认为阿索地区的基性岩脉可能形成于早白垩世晚期伸展环境之中.系统收集研究区及附近120~95 Ma之间的岩浆岩数据，发现在110~100 Ma之间班公湖－怒江缝合带及两侧处于伸展环境之中，但不同区域伸展事件的时代有所不同，原因可能与班公湖－怒江洋的不均一闭合相关.班公湖－怒江洋最后的闭合时限可能在103 Ma左右.
- 岩脉 /
- 班公湖-怒江洋 /
- 锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- 伸展环境 /
- 闭合时限 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The closure time of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean is one of the focal points of the Meso-Tethys Ocean evolution debate, and the mafic dikes play an important role in the identification of tectonic setting transformation. Here we report zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages and whole-rock geochemical data from the mafic dikes invaded in the tectonic mélange. Zircon U-Pb dating using LA-ICP-MS techniques yields the concordant age with a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 102.90±0.86 Ma (MSWD=1.4) for the gabbro dike. The whole-rock geochemical characteristics from the mafic dikes suggest that these rocks are calc-alkaline series. The dikes are enriched in large ion lithophile element (LILE) and show negative Nb and Ta anomalies with slightly enrichment of light rare earth element (LREE). The geochemical compositions suggest that the dikes are originated from a depleted mantle source metasomatized by slab-derived components and formed by the high degree of partial melting of spinel peridotite with the lack of mixing of crustal materials. Combined with the tectonic environment discriminant diagram and previous research results, we believe that the dikes formed in the late Early Cretaceous extension environment. We found that the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone and the two sides are in an extension environment between 110-100 Ma by collecting data on magmatic rocks (120-95 Ma) near the study area. The times of regional extension differ from area to area, which may be related to the diachronism of closure time of Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. The final closure time of Bangong-Nujiang Ocean may be around 103 Ma.
- dikes /
- Bangong-Nujiang Ocean /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- extension environment /
- closure time /
- geochemistry

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图 1 拉萨板块白垩纪岩浆岩分布图（a）和研究区地质构造简图（b）

图据Zhu et al.（2013）修改；BNSZ.班公湖－怒江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河－纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF.洛巴堆－米拉山断裂带；IYZSZ.印度雅鲁藏布缝合带

Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the Lhasa terrane showing major tectonic subdivisions and localities of the Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks (a); geological map of Asa area (b)

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图 2 阿索地区辉长岩、辉绿岩野外及镜下照片

a.辉长岩与砂岩侵入接触界线；b.辉长岩近景照片；c.辉长岩镜下显微照片（正交偏光）；d.辉绿岩与蛇绿岩接触界线；e.辉绿岩镜下显微照片（左侧单偏光，右侧正交偏光）；f.辉绿岩辉绿结构.Chl.绿泥石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Pl.斜长石

Fig. 2. Field photos and photomicrographs of gabbro and diabase from Asa area

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图 3 辉长岩锆石CL图像（a）；球粒陨石标准化锆石稀土曲线（b）；辉长岩LA-ICP-MS谐和图与加权平均年龄（c）

标准化数据据Sun and McDonough（1989）

Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence(CL)images of representative zircon grains (a), chondrite normalized REE patterns of zircon grains from gabbros of the Asa area (b), concordia plots (c) of a Asa gabbro sample

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图 4 阿索辉长岩和辉绿岩的地球化学分类图解

a. Zr/(TiO₂×0.000 1) versus Nb/Y，据Winchester and Floyd（1977）；b. SiO₂ versus FeO^T/MgO，拉斑系列与钙碱性系列间的界线参照Miyashiro（1974）

Fig. 4. Geochemical classification of mafic rocks from the Asa dikes

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图 5 阿索基性岩脉微量元素原始地幔标准化图解(a)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图(b)

标准化数据据Sun and McDonough（1989）

Fig. 5. Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element pattern (a) and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (b) for the Asa dikes

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图 6 阿索辉长岩和辉绿岩Th/Yb-Nb/Yb(a)和(La/Sm)_PM-(Sm/Yb) _PM(b)判别图解

图a中百分数为地幔楔俯冲带物质含量；图b中百分数为部分熔融程度；标准化曲线据Sun and McDonough（1989）

Fig. 6. Nb/Yb vs. Th/Yb (a) and (Sm/Yb)_PM vs. (La/Sm)_PM (b) diagrams of the Asa dikes

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图 7 阿索辉长岩和辉绿岩(Hf/Sm)_PM-(Ta/La)_PM（a）和Th/Yb-Sr/Nd图解（b）

图a据La Flèche et al.（1998）；PM表示标准化的原始地幔数值，据Sun and McDonough（1989）；图b据Woodhead et al.（2001）

Fig. 7. Plot of (Hf/Sm)_PM vs. (Ta/La)_PM of the Asa dikes (a), Th/Yb versus Sr/Nd diagram of the Asa gabbro and diabase (b)

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图 8 Zr/Y-Zr（a）和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf(b)构造环境判别图解

a. Zr/Y-Zr图解，板内（WPB）、洋中脊（MORB）和岛弧玄武岩（IAB）；据Pearce and Norry（1979）；b. Th/Hf-Ta/Hf，Ⅱ2.大陆边缘岛弧+大陆边缘火山弧；Ⅳ1.陆内裂谷+大陆边缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩；Ⅳ2.陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩；Ⅳ3.大陆伸展带/初始裂谷玄武岩，据汪云亮等（2001）.去申拉组火山岩数据来源于康志强等（2010）、麦源君等（2018）、Sui et al.（2013）

Fig. 8. Zr/Y vs. Zr (a) and Ta/Hf vs. Th/Hf (b) discrimination diagrams for the the Asa dikes

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图 9 南羌塘以及北拉萨板块120~95 Ma岩浆岩分布

数据来源于Zhu et al.（2016）、Chen et al.（2014）、Sui et al.（2013）、Liu et al.（2014b）、Wu et al.(2014, 2015)以及张亮亮等（2011）、吴浩等(2013, 2014)、张向飞等（2014）、解龙等（2015）、胡隽等（2017）、闫国川等（2017）、麦源君等（2018）

Fig. 9. Distribution of magmatic rocks during the period 120-95 Ma in the northern Lhasa and southern Qiangtang subterranes

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图 10 班公湖－怒江缝合带早白垩世晚期构造－岩浆演化示意

ALC.古老下地壳；SCLM.陆下岩石圈地幔；JLC.新生下地壳；BNSZ.班公湖－怒江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河－纳木错蛇绿岩带；据Chen et al.（2014）

Fig. 10. Schematic illustration showing the geodynamic evolution around Banggong-Nujiang suture zone

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表 1 阿索辉长岩锆石稀土元素（10^-6）分析结果

Table 1. Analytical results of the gabbro zircon REE elements(10^-6)of Asa area

点号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
NT70-01	0.04	12.64	0.37	7.99	15.20	4.33	65.20	22.02	289.30	96.56	469.27	109.69	1 519.78	0.04
NT70-02	0.04	21.10	0.28	5.57	12.52	1.03	63.58	22.78	316.41	109.88	537.89	115.22	1 485.13	0.04
NT70-03	0.03	3.95	0.05	1.45	3.44	0.94	20.33	7.44	107.86	39.72	205.25	48.74	630.12	0.03
NT70-04	30.42	86.94	12.65	86.87	28.36	1.61	54.24	15.25	184.78	60.60	283.18	60.51	736.34	30.42
NT70-05	0.04	6.95	0.18	3.94	8.31	1.54	39.54	14.04	189.97	64.60	315.01	72.46	955.06	0.04
NT70-06	0.07	22.22	0.56	10.76	23.11	2.29	135.65	48.95	667.80	235.96	1 143.38	230.20	2 757.54	0.07
NT70-07	0.26	81.04	0.47	9.08	17.95	2.06	92.23	32.35	426.17	146.30	712.89	159.75	2 140.54	0.26
NT70-08	0.06	5.92	0.26	3.90	6.74	2.17	26.78	9.11	119.00	40.51	193.71	45.39	582.10	0.06
NT70-09	0.02	10.38	0.24	4.52	9.61	1.42	57.08	20.47	280.16	97.26	456.68	98.07	1 275.18	0.02
NT70-10	0.03	5.07	0.23	3.44	6.06	1.58	24.39	8.63	114.79	38.81	192.81	45.30	593.71	0.03
NT70-11	0.03	4.55	0.05	1.26	3.78	0.69	22.64	8.61	117.55	41.77	199.01	45.93	581.55	0.03

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表 2 阿索辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of Asa gabbro

测点	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ
测点	（10^-6）		Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	(Ma)
NT70-01	550	294	1.87	0.048 04	0.001 56	0.104 93	0.003 42	0.015 84	0.000 19	101	54	101	3	101	1
NT70-02	485	364	1.33	0.055 6	0.001 42	0.122 72	0.003 14	0.016 01	0.000 19	47	111	99	5	101	1
NT70-03	181	143	1.27	0.088 63	0.002 74	0.206 85	0.006 31	0.016 92	0.000 22	94	164	102	7	103	1
NT70-04	167	291	0.57	0.098 86	0.001 34	3.569 28	0.051 11	0.261 82	0.003 01	1 603	12	1 543	11	1 499	15
NT70-05	238	179	1.33	0.048 06	0.001 9	0.107 53	0.004 24	0.016 22	0.000 21	102	66	104	4	104	1
NT70-06	888	507	1.75	0.048 04	0.001 04	0.105 63	0.002 32	0.015 95	0.000 19	101	30	102	2	102	1
NT70-07	2 750	1 309	2.10	0.048 07	0.001 26	0.107 39	0.002 83	0.016 2	0.000 2	103	39	104	3	104	1
NT70-08	329	171	1.93	0.048 06	0.002 62	0.107 62	0.005 84	0.016 24	0.000 22	102	96	104	5	104	1
NT70-09	580	390	1.49	0.048 08	0.002 37	0.107 19	0.005 25	0.016 17	0.000 22	103	85	103	5	103	1
NT70-10	242	159	1.52	0.048 09	0.001 62	0.107 18	0.003 62	0.016 16	0.000 2	104	56	103	3	103	1
NT70-11	202	179	1.12	0.048 14	0.001 22	0.107 44	0.002 73	0.016 19	0.000 2	106	37	104	3	104	1

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表 3 阿索基性岩脉主量元素（%）和微量元素（10^-6）分析结果

Table 3. Analytical results of major(%) and trace elements(10^-6)for Asa dikes

样品	N17T70H1	N17T70H2	N17T70H3	N17T70H4	N17T70H5	N17T61H1	N17T61H2	N17T61H3	N17T61H4	N17T61H5
SiO₂	51.73	54.32	51.02	52.68	52.76	56.30	56.21	51.76	52.96	51.35
TiO₂	0.84	0.84	0.82	0.81	0.78	0.59	0.59	0.75	0.65	0.60
Al₂O₃	20.28	18.96	19.81	16.69	18.53	13.28	13.61	15.21	14.82	15.29
Fe₂O₃^T	5.26	5.04	5.67	6.97	5.67	7.55	7.53	8.79	8.61	8.75
MnO	0.10	0.09	0.11	0.13	0.11	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.15
MgO	5.52	5.13	6.28	6.92	6.16	8.20	8.04	9.46	9.28	10.31
CaO	11.78	10.81	11.76	8.99	11.28	5.63	5.69	6.63	6.71	7.38
Na₂O	3.58	3.43	3.46	3.79	3.50	4.74	4.79	4.41	4.12	3.83
K₂O	0.27	0.25	0.23	0.41	0.25	0.16	0.15	0.25	0.21	0.29
P₂O₅	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.09	0.09	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.06
LOI	1.136	1.40	1.39	2.72	1.35	2.92	2.77	2.51	2.30	2.07
Total	100.65	100.40	100.65	100.23	100.49	99.56	99.58	100.0	99.90	100.0
Mg^#	71.0	70.4	72.1	69.8	71.7	71.7	71.3	71.5	71.5	73.3
Li	14.0	13.1	14.3	42.4	15.6	22.2	22.2	24.1	20.5	22.2
P	553	524	435	410	431	472	444	509	359	472
K	1 836	1 740	1 671	3 564	2 034	1 785	2 732	2 388	2 851	1 785
Sc	29.1	26.3	31.9	33.3	34.9	37.1	38.2	39.6	40.6	37.1
Ti	6 750	6 546	6 386	5 996	6 422	4 334	5 232	4 764	4 142	4 334
V	176	165	184	192	193	224	276	258	258	224
Cr	178	156	200	173	208	505	482	502	573	505
Mn	716	693	777	926	804	1 129	1 231	1 265	1 199	1 129
Co	23.9	22.9	26.5	29.5	26.7	33.5	36.9	38.3	37.4	33.5
Ni	48.3	44.5	53.8	52.4	53.7	174	172	169	199	174
Cu	58.2	54.2	58.4	102	62.9	40.2	70.1	31.6	17.9	40.2
Zn	39.1	35.2	39.3	55.5	38.9	63.8	56.1	62.4	75.7	63.8
Ga	16.5	16.0	15.8	14.7	15.4	12.2	13.5	13.8	13.2	12.2
Rb	1.79	1.75	1.41	14.4	2.80	4.52	8.78	7.06	9.51	4.52
Sr	194	184	174	283	186	175	221	211	212	175
Y	17.5	17.3	17.6	20.3	18.0	16.7	16.2	16.6	14.3	16.7
Zr	70.7	70.4	73.6	79.3	68.9	57.7	54.5	54.0	42.9	57.7
Nb	1.99	2.09	1.90	1.95	1.86	1.66	1.57	1.58	1.17	1.67
Cs	0.679	0.682	0.675	6.87	0.681	1.13	2.95	2.43	3.37	1.13
Ba	25.6	24.4	23.5	61.9	29.9	65.3	84.2	74.4	84.2	65.3
La	5.38	4.47	4.35	4.6	4.07	5.28	4.58	4.72	3.88	5.28
Ce	13.7	10.8	10.3	11.1	9.82	13.2	11.7	12.0	9.28	13.2
Pr	1.84	1.63	1.58	1.72	1.53	1.73	1.56	1.60	1.23	1.73
Nd	8.67	7.97	7.71	8.50	7.57	7.35	6.68	6.83	5.38	7.35
Sm	2.42	2.31	2.3	2.58	2.31	2.10	1.95	2.00	1.67	2.10
Eu	0.951	0.894	0.892	0.921	0.913	0.689	0.660	0.678	0.609	0.688
Gd	2.94	2.81	2.83	3.28	2.86	2.46	2.32	2.41	2.06	2.46
Tb	0.524	0.510	0.517	0.599	0.524	0.438	0.419	0.431	0.370	0.438
Dy	3.25	3.15	3.274	3.81	3.33	2.84	2.78	2.81	2.43	2.84
Ho	0.664	0.648	0.678	0.785	0.688	0.628	0.599	0.617	0.532	0.621
Er	1.95	1.91	1.98	2.33	2.03	1.79	1.73	1.76	1.55	1.79
Tm	0.270	0.267	0.276	0.325	0.286	0.274	0.262	0.270	0.231	0.274
Yb	1.72	1.69	1.76	2.07	1.81	1.72	1.63	1.67	1.44	1.72
Lu	0.261	0.257	0.270	0.318	0.279	0.262	0.248	0.253	0.219	0.262
Hf	1.64	1.65	1.70	1.92	1.63	1.39	1.30	1.30	1.06	1.39
Ta	0.109	0.162	0.109	0.115	0.111	0.104	0.098	0.102	0.089	0.104
Pb	1.15	0.911	0.905	1.01	0.999	0.330	0.312	0.477	0.403	0.330
Th	1.32	0.808	0.83	0.832	0.738	1.020	1.013	0.996	0.857	1.020
U	0.219	0.134	0.133	0.151	0.143	0.169	0.170	0.161	0.152	0.169
注：FeO^T=Fe₂O₃^T×0.89；Mg^#=（MgO/40.3）/（MgO/40.3+Fe₂O₃^T×0.89/71.9×0.85）×100.

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表 4 班公湖－怒江缝合带西段及邻区早白垩世晚期岩浆岩形成时代

Table 4. Age of late Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks of western Banggong-Nujiang suture and near area

地区	岩性	构造背景	测试技术	年龄（Ma）	资料来源
达查	双峰式火山岩	区域伸展	锆石LA-ICP-MS	104.9±0.4	吴浩等，2014
中仓	流纹岩	同碰撞	锆石LA-ICP-MS	103.0±0.8	吴浩等，2013
达查	富镁安山岩	区域伸展	锆石LA-ICP-MS	104.1±0.4	吴浩等，2014
达查	埃达克质花岗岩	板片断离	锆石LA-ICP-MS	100.0±1.0	Wu et al., 2014
达查	埃达克质花岗岩	板片断离	锆石LA-ICP-MS	105.0±1.0	Wu et al., 2014
达查	埃达克质花岗岩	板片断离	锆石LA-ICP-MS	104.0±1.0	Wu et al., 2015
改则	去申拉组火山岩	板内	锆石LA-ICP-MS	107.8±0.4	麦源君等，2018
改则	去申拉组火山岩	碰撞	锆石LA-ICP-MS	103.8±0.4	Chen et al., 2017
洞错	去申拉组粗安岩	板内	锆石LA-ICP-MS	102.0±1.9	闫国川等，2017
盐湖	玄武岩	板内	锆石LA-ICP-MS	108.9±1.1	Sui et al., 2013
阿翁错	花岗闪长岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	104.0+1.0/-6.6	胡隽等，2014
日松	花岗岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	108.4±2.1	关俊雷等，2014
日土	埃达克质花岗岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	101.0±1.1	Liu et al., 2014b
日土	埃达克质花岗岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	101.3±1.1	Liu et al., 2014b
噶尔	花岗岩	区域伸展	锆石LA-ICP-MS	103.8±1.0	解龙等，2015
物玛	闪长岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	108.3±1.4	魏永峰等，2017
物玛	闪长岩	俯冲消减	锆石LA-ICP-MS	107.7±1.3	魏永峰等，2017
阿索	辉长岩	区域伸展	锆石LA-ICP-MS	102.9±0.8	本文

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