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    深水沉积层序特点及构成要素

    蒋恕 王华 WeimerPaul

    蒋恕, 王华, WeimerPaul, 2008. 深水沉积层序特点及构成要素. 地球科学, 33(6): 825-833.
    引用本文: 蒋恕, 王华, WeimerPaul, 2008. 深水沉积层序特点及构成要素. 地球科学, 33(6): 825-833.
    JIANG Shu, WANG Hua, Weimer Paul, 2008. Sequence Stratigraphy Characteristics and Sedimentary Elements in Deepwater. Earth Science, 33(6): 825-833.
    Citation: JIANG Shu, WANG Hua, Weimer Paul, 2008. Sequence Stratigraphy Characteristics and Sedimentary Elements in Deepwater. Earth Science, 33(6): 825-833.

    深水沉积层序特点及构成要素

    基金项目: 

    挪威国家石油公司 Statoil Hydro

    国家自然科学基金项目 40872077

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      蒋恕(1976-), 男, 博士, 主要从事深水石油地质研究

      通讯作者:

      王华, E-mail: wanghua@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: P588.2;P736.2

    Sequence Stratigraphy Characteristics and Sedimentary Elements in Deepwater

    • 摘要: 本文在回顾当前国际上深水沉积研究热点的基础上,结合在墨西哥湾深水研究的成果系统描述了深水沉积的定义、形成机理、深水沉积层序及深水沉积构成要素的特点.深水沉积主要是在重力流作用下深水环境的沉积,主要形成于相对水平面下降和早期上升的时期,主要分布在低位体系域中.深水层序以凝缩段为边界,块状搬运沉积最早形成并直接位于层序界面上,其上被河道-天然堤沉积所覆盖.典型深水沉积的要素主要由河道、天然堤及越岸沉积、板状砂、块状搬运沉积等构成,这些沉积要素时空上有序地分布.深水河道是物源的主要通道和沉积的重要场所,从上游至下游河道弯曲度增加,能量逐渐减弱.侧向迁移明显,垂向上由富砂的顺直河道演化为相对富泥的弯曲河道.天然堤及越岸沉积以泥质为主,天然堤沿河道呈楔状分布,其近端砂岩含量高,地层厚且倾角较陡; 远端砂岩含量低,地层薄且平缓,侧向连续性好但垂向连续性差.板状砂主要为深水扇前缘非限制性沉积,可分为块型和层型.块型侧向连续性好,同时垂向连通性高.层型侧向连续性好,垂向连通性差.块状搬运沉积主要是低水位期坡上沉积物失稳形成的各类滑塌体及碎屑流,其对下伏地层侵蚀明显,分布广泛,变形构造常见,可作为油气良好的封盖层.

       

    • 图  1  层序地层模式及深水层序特点(据Vail, 1987修改)

      Fig.  1.  Sequence stratigraphy sea-slug model and its characteristics in deepwater environment

      图  2  墨西哥湾西部深水层序地震反射特征

      MTD.块状搬运沉积; Ch.河道; Lv.天然堤; TT.趾部逆冲(toe thrust); CS.凝缩段; ER.侵蚀区域; Ov.泛滥漫滩

      Fig.  2.  The deepwater sequence stratigraphy reflection characteristics in western Gulf of Mexico

      图  3  墨西哥湾西部RMS属性深水层序从下至上河道演化特征

      Fig.  3.  The channel evolution revealed by RMS from bottom to top within a sequence in western Gulf of Mexico

      图  4  典型深水沉积模式及各沉积要素特点

      Fig.  4.  The typical deepwater depositional model and its elements characteristics

      图  5  墨西哥湾密西西比峡谷某井深水沉积测井曲线特征

      Fig.  5.  The well log characteristics and its sedimentary environment interpretation of one well in Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico

      图  6  墨西哥湾西部某海底扇近端复合水道沉积的地震地貌特征(来自谱分解属性)

      Fig.  6.  The seismic geomorphology of complex channels of one primal submarine fan in western Gulf of Mexico

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    • 收稿日期:  2008-05-26
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