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| Citation: | Tang Minggao, Wang Lina, Liu Xinxin, Qin Jiajun, Li Yang, 2022. Distribution and Risk of Ice Avalanche Hazards in Tibetan Plateau. Earth Science, 47(12): 4647-4662. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.074
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With the impact of global warming, the ice avalanche disaster on the Tibetan plateau is becoming more and more serious. Through a large number of remote sensing interpretations and data analysis, the number, types, development patterns and dangers of the hidden ice avalanches on the Tibetan plateau were identified systematically. (1) There are a total of 581 hidden dangers of ice avalanches in 40 269 glaciers. According to the mode of instability, they are divided into sliding type and caving type; according to the disaster mode, they are divided into the direct disaster of the ice avalanche, dammed lake outburst flood and glacial lake outburst flood. (2) The sensitive slope of ice avalanche is 40°-50°, and the concentrated elevation is 4 500-5 500 m, and the slope direction is "northern-friendly". (3) Obvious differences in regional distribution. Tibet and Xinjiang account for 89.5%, Yarlung Zangbo River and Tarim River basins account for 80.4%, Nyainqentanglha and Hengduan Mountains accounted for 49.4%. (4) Significant differentiation in spatial distribution. The elevation of the front edge of the ice avalanche changed regularly with the eastern Himalayan syntaxis region as the boundary. The elevation generally increased from west to east toward the west, while a "V"-shaped trend that first decreased and then increased toward the east. 40.1% of the ice avalanches front elevation was 4 500-5 000 m, located near the snow line and controlled by mountains. It had the characteristics of "clustering" at the junction of climatic zones. (5) There are 330 low-risk ice avalanches, 215 medium-risk points, and 36 high-risk points.
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