西沙海域盆地构造格局及其差异演化过程分析

李林; 王彬; 雷超; 任建业; 张远泽; 高圆圆; 李丽; 刘博文

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2021.098

Volume 46 Issue 9

Oct. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Earth Science > 2021 > 46(9): 3321-3337

Li Lin, Wang Bin, Lei Chao, Ren Jianye, Zhang Yuanze, Gao Yuanyuan, Li Li, Liu Bowen, 2021. Tectonic Framework in the Xisha Area and Its Differential Evolution. Earth Science, 46(9): 3321-3337. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.098

Citation:

Li Lin, Wang Bin, Lei Chao, Ren Jianye, Zhang Yuanze, Gao Yuanyuan, Li Li, Liu Bowen, 2021. Tectonic Framework in the Xisha Area and Its Differential Evolution. Earth Science, 46(9): 3321-3337. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.098

Citation:

PDF( 14282 KB)

Tectonic Framework in the Xisha Area and Its Differential Evolution

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.098

Li Lin^{1, 2
,
,},
Wang Bin^{1, 2
,
,},
Lei Chao^{3, 4, 5},
Ren Jianye^{3, 4, 5},
Zhang Yuanze^{1, 2},
Gao Yuanyuan^{3, 4},
Li Li^{1, 2},
Liu Bowen^{3, 4}

1.
Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, PetroChina, Hangzhou 310023, China
2.
Hangzhou Research Institue of Geology Company Limited, Hangzhou 310023, China
3.
College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received Date: 2020-12-10
Available Online: 2021-10-14
Publish Date: 2021-10-14

Abstract

Abstract

Xisha area is located between the Northwest subbasin and the southwest Subbasin of the South China Sea,whose tectonic evolution is closely related to the oceanic spreading of the South China Sea and the strike-slip movement along the west part of the South China Sea. Together with regional seismic data,we carried out tectono-stratigraphic analysis in the Xisha area. Our study mapped three types of basins,i.e. subbasins controlled by high-angle faults,low-angle detachment faults and strike-slip faults,respectively. The lithospheric crust thickness varied a lot here indicating the different crust thinning across the region. We divided the Xisha area into four tectonic domains,i.e. the northern domain with detachment fault system,the southeastern domain with detachment fault system,the western domain with strike-slip fault system,and central domain with high angle fault system. Our results will improve our understanding on the tectonic evolution in Xisha area,with implications for petroleum exploration there.
- Xisha area,
- South China Sea,
- detachment fault,
- deepwater petroleum exploration,
- marine geology

FullText(HTML)

References(79)

References

Bai, Y. L., Wu, S. G., Liu, Z., et al., 2015. Full-Fit Reconstruction of the South China Sea Conjugate Margins. Tectonophysics, 661: 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.08.028

Briais, A., Patriat, P., Tapponnier, P., 1993. Updated Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies and Seafloor Spreading Stages in the South China Sea: Implications for the Tertiary Tectonics of Southeast Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 98(B4): 6299-6328. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB02280

Ding, W. W., 2021. Continental Margin Dynamics of South China Sea: From Continental Break-Up to Seafloor Spreading. Earth Science, 46(3): 790-800 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Hall, R., 2002. Cenozoic Geological and Plate Tectonic Evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: Computer-Based Reconstructions, Model and Animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20(4): 353-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00069-4

Huang, C. Y., Wang, P. X., Yu, M. M., et al., 2019. Potential Role of Strike-Slip Faults in Opening up the South China Sea. National Science Review, 6(5): 891-901. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz119

Huang, H. B., Klingelhoefer, F., Qiu, X. L., et al., 2021. Seismic Imaging of an Intracrustal Deformation in the Northwestern Margin of the South China Sea: The Role of a Ductile Layer in the Crust. Tectonics, 40(2): e2020TC006260. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006260

Lei, C., Alves, T. M., Ren, J. Y., et al., 2019. Depositional Architecture and Structural Evolution of a Region Immediately Inboard of the Locus of Continental Breakup (Liwan Sub-Basin, South China Sea). GSA Bulletin, 131(7-8): 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1130/b35001.1

Lei, C., Alves, T. M., Ren, J. Y., et al., 2020. Rift Structure and Sediment Infill of Hyperextended Continental Crust: Insights from 3D Seismic and Well Data (Xisha Trough, South China Sea). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125(5): e2019JB018610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018610

Lei, C., Ren, J. Y., 2016. Hyper-Extended Rift Systems in the Xisha Trough, Northwestern South China Sea: Implications for Extreme Crustal Thinning Ahead of a Propagating Ocean. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 77: 846-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.07.022

Lei, C., Ren, J. Y., Pang, X., et al., 2018. Continental Rifting and Sediment Infill in the Distal Part of the Northern South China Sea in the Western Pacific Region: Challenge on the Present-Day Models for the Passive Margins. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 93: 166-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.02.020

Lei, C., Ren, J. Y., Tong, D. J., 2013. Geodynamics of the Ocean-Continent Transition Zone, Northern Margin of the South China Sea: Implications for the Opening of the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(4): 1287-1299 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/dqwlxb201304023

Lei, C., Ren, J. Y., Zhang, J., 2015. Tectonic Province Divisions in the South China Sea: Implications for Basin Geodynamics. Earth Science, 40(4): 744-762 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/qk/94035x/201504/664551720.html

Li, C. F., Xu, X., Lin, J., et al., 2014. Ages and Magnetic Structures of the South China Sea Constrained by Deep Tow Magnetic Surveys and IODP Expedition 349. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15(12): 4958-4983. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005567

Li, S. T., Lin, C. S., Zhang, Q. M., et al., 1998. Episodic Rifting and Its Dynamical Process in North Continental Margin of South China Sea, and the Tectonic Event from 10 Ma. Chinese Science Bulletin, 43(8): 797-810 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1360/csb1998-43-8-797

Li, S. Z., Suo, Y. H., Liu, X., et al., 2012a. Basin Dynamics and Basin Groups of the South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 32(6): 55-78 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MGQG...32...55L

Li, S.Z., Sao, Y. H., Liu, X., et al., 2012b. Basic Structural Pattern and Tectonic Models of the SCS: Problems, Advances and Controversies. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 32(6): 35-53 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MGQG...32...35L

Li, Z. X., Li, X. H., 2007. Formation of the 1 300-km-Wide Intracontinental Orogen and Postorogenic Magmatic Province in Mesozoic South China: A Flat-Slab Subduction Model. Geology, 35(2): 179-182. https://doi.org/10.1130/g23193a.1

Lin, J., Li, J. B., Xu, Y. G., et al., 2019. Ocean Drilling and Major Advances in Marine Geological and Geophysical Research of the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 41(10): 125-140 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Liu, H. L., Yao, Y. J., Shen, B. Y., et al., 2015. On Linkage of Western Boundary Faults of the South China Sea. Earth Science, 40(4): 615-632 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201504003.htm

Liu, H. L., Zheng, H. B., Wang, Y. L., et al., 2011. Basement of the South China Sea Area: Tracing the Tethyan Realm. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 85(3): 637-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00457.x

Mi, L. J., Zhang, X. T., Pang, X., et al., 2019. Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geology of Pearl River Mouth Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 40(S1): 1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SYXB2019S1001.htm

Morley, C. K., 2002. A Tectonic Model for the Tertiary Evolution of Strike-Slip Faults and Rift Basins in SE Asia. Tectonophysics, 347(4): 189-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00061-6

Pubellier, M., Aurelio, M., Sautter, B., 2018. The Life of a Marginal Basin Depicted in a Structural Map of the South China Sea. Episodes, 41(3): 139-142. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018014

Ren, J. Y., 2018. Genetic Dynamics of China Offshore Cenozoic Basins. Earth Science, 43(10): 3337-3361 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Ren, J. Y., Lei, C., 2011. Tectonic Stratigraphic Framework of Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins and Its Implication for Tectonic Province Division in South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 54(12): 3303-3314 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://tga.cgu.org.tw/AbstractFinal/U6-P-27.pdf

Ren, J. Y., Pang, X., Lei, C., et al., 2015. Ocean and Continent Transition in Passive Continental Margins and Analysis of Lithospheric Extension and Breakup Process: Implication for Research of the Deepwater Basins in the Continental Margins of South China Sea. Earth Science Frontiers, 22(1): 102-114 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/98600X/201501/662674863.html

Savva, D., Meresse, F., Pubellier, M., et al., 2013. Seismic Evidence of Hyper-Stretched Crust and Mantle Exhumation Offshore Vietnam. Tectonophysics, 608: 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.07.010

Sibuet, J. C., Yeh, Y. C., Lee, C. S., 2016. Geodynamics of the South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 692: 98-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.022

Sun, Z., Li, F. C., Lin, J., et al., 2021. The Rifting-Breakup Process of the Passive Continental Margin and Its Relationship with Magmatism: The Attribution of the South China Sea. Earth Science, 46(3): 770-789 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Sun, Z., Lin, J., Qiu, N., et al., 2019. The Role of Magmatism in the Thinning and Breakup of the South China Sea Continental marginSpecial Topic: The South China Sea Ocean Drilling. National Science Review, 6(5): 871-876. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz116

Sun, Z., Liu, S. Q., Pang, X., et al., 2016. Recent Research Progress on the Rifting-Breakup Process in Passive Continental Margins. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 35(1): 1-16 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY201601001.htm

Sun, Z., Sun, L. T., Zhou, D., et al., 2009. Discussion on the South China Sea Evolution and Lithospheric Breakup through 3D Analogue Modeling. Earth Science, 34(3): 435-447 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912008001302

Sun, Z., Zhong, Z. H., Keep, M., et al., 2009. 3D Analogue Modeling of the South China Sea: A Discussion on Breakup Pattern. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34(4): 544-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.09.002

Tamaki, K., 1995. Opening Tectonics of the Japan Sea. In: Taylor, B., Backarc Basins: Tectonics and Magmatism. Springer, Boston.

Tang, W., Wang, Y. M., Yang, C. H., et al., 2013. Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of Reef in the Southern Deepwater of Qiongdongnan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 24(5): 965-974 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288166630_Evolution_and_main_controlling_factors_of_reef_in_the_southern_deepwater_of_Qiongdongnan_Basin

Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Armijo, R., 1986. On the Mechanics of the Collision between India and Asia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 19(1): 113-157. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.019.01.07

Tu, K., Flower, M. F. J., Carlson, R. W., 1992. Magmatism in the South China Basin: 1. Isotopic and Trace-Element Evidence for an Endogenous Dupal Mantle Component. Chemical Geology, 97(1-2): 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90135-R

Vu, A. T., Wessel Fyhn, M. B., Xuan, C. T., et al., 2017. Cenozoic Tectonic and Stratigraphic Development of the Central Vietnamese Continental Margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 86: 386-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.001

Wang, C. Y., He, X. X., Qiu, S. Y., 1979. A Preliminary Study of Carbonate Rocks and Micropalaeontology in the XiYong I Well. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 1: 23-38 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292755126_Preliminary_study_about_carbonate_strata_and_micropaleontology_of_well_Xiyong-1_in_Xisha_Islands

Wang, Q., Zhao, M. H., Zhang, H. Y., et al., 2020. Crustal Velocity Structure of the Northwest Sub-Basin of the South China Sea Based on Seismic Data Reprocessing. Science in China (Series D), 50(11): 1553-1568 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=7103247740

Yang, L. L., Ren, J. Y., McIntosh, K., et al., 2018. The Structure and Evolution of Deepwater Basins in the Distal Margin of the Northern South China Sea and Their Implications for the Formation of the Continental Margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 92: 234-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.02.032

Yao, B. C., 1995. The Characteristics of the Zhongnan-Liyue Fault and Its Tectonic Significance. South China Sea Geological Research. 1-14 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Ye, Q., Mei, L. F., Shi, H. S., et al., 2020. The Influence of Pre-Existing Basement Faults on the Cenozoic Structure and Evolution of the Proximal Domain, Northern South China Sea Rifted Margin. Tectonics, 39(3): e2019TC005845. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005845

Yuan, Y., Zhao, M. H., He, E. Y., et al., 2021. The Crustal Structures and Rift-Breakup Models of Typical Rifted Margins. Earth Science, 46(3): 801-816 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Yue, J. P., Zhang, Y., Shen, H. L., et al., 2013. Constraints of Geological Characteristics of the South China Continental Margin on the Basement of Basins in Northern South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 34(S2): 120-128 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB2013S2016.htm

Zhang, C., Manatschal, G., Pang, X., et al., 2020. Discovery of Mega-Sheath Folds Flooring the Liwan Subbasin (South China Sea): Implications for the Rheology of Hyperextended Crust. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 21(7): e2020GC009023. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009023

Zhang, G. C., Jia, Q. J., Wang, W. Y., et al., 2018. On Tectonic Framework and Evolution of the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(10): 4194-4215 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/329944421_On_tectonic_framework_and_evolution_of_the_South_China_Sea

Zhao, Y. H., Ren, J. Y., Pang, X., et al., 2018a. Structural Style, Formation of Low Angle Normal Fault and Its Controls on the Evolution of Baiyun Rift, Northern Margin of the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 89: 687-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.001

Zhao, Z. X., Sun, Z., Liu, J. B., et al., 2018b. The Continental Extension Discrepancy and Anomalous Subsidence Pattern in the Western Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 501: 180-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.08.048

Zhou, D., Wang, W. Y., Pang, X., et al., 2006. Mesozoic Subduction-Accretion Zone in Northeastern South China Sea Inferred from Geophysical Interpretations. Science in China (Series D), 36(3): 209-218 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JDXG200605003.htm

Zhu, M. Z., Graham, S., McHargue, T., 2009. The Red River Fault Zone in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. Tectonophysics, 476(3-4): 397-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.015

Zhu, W. L., Mi, L. J., 2010. Atlas of Petroliferous Basins in the Seas of China. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese).

Zhu, W. L., Xie, X. N., Wang, Z. F., et al., 2017. New Insights on the Origin of the Basement of the Xisha Uplift, South China Sea. Science China Earth Sciences, 60(12): 2214-2222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-017-9089-9

Zou, H. P., 2001. Continental Marginal Rifting along the Northern South China Sea: The Crustal Response to the Lower Lithospheric Delamination. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 21(1): 39-44 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ200101007.htm

丁巍伟, 2021. 南海大陆边缘动力学: 从陆缘破裂到海底扩张. 地球科学, 46(3): 790-800. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.303

雷超, 任建业, 佟殿君, 2013. 南海北部洋陆转换带盆地发育动力学机制. 地球物理学报, 56(4): 1287-1299. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWX201304025.htm

雷超, 任建业, 张静, 2015. 南海构造变形分区及成盆过程. 地球科学, 40(4): 744-762. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.062

李思田, 林畅松, 张启明, 等, 1998. 南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件. 科学通报, 43(8): 797-810. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1998.08.003

李三忠, 索艳慧, 刘鑫, 等, 2012a. 南海的盆地群与盆地动力学. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 32(6): 55-78. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201206010.htm

李三忠, 索艳慧, 刘鑫, 等, 2012b. 南海的基本构造特征与成因模型: 问题与进展及论争. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 32(6): 35-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ201206009.htm

林间, 李家彪, 徐义刚, 等, 2019. 南海大洋钻探及海洋地质与地球物理前沿研究新突破. 海洋学报, 41(10): 125-140. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2019.10.009

刘海龄, 姚永坚, 沈宝云, 等, 2015. 南海西缘结合带的贯通性. 地球科学, 40(4): 615-632. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2015.049

米立军, 张向涛, 庞雄, 等, 2019. 珠江口盆地形成机制与油气地质. 石油学报, 40(S1): 1-10. doi: 10.7623/syxb2019S1001

任建业, 2018. 中国近海海域新生代成盆动力机制分析. 地球科学, 43(10): 3337-3361. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.330

任建业, 雷超, 2011. 莺歌海-琼东南盆地构造-地层格架及南海动力变形分区. 地球物理学报, 54(12): 3303-3314. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.028

任建业, 庞雄, 雷超, 等, 2015. 被动陆缘洋陆转换带和岩石圈伸展破裂过程分析及其对南海陆缘深水盆地研究的启示. 地学前缘, 22(1): 102-114. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201501011.htm

孙珍, 李付成, 林间, 等, 2021. 被动大陆边缘张-破裂过程与岩浆活动: 南海的归属. 地球科学, 46(3): 770-789. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX202103002.htm

孙珍, 刘思青, 庞雄, 等, 2016. 被动大陆边缘伸展-破裂过程研究进展. 热带海洋学报, 35(1): 1-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY201601001.htm

孙珍, 孙龙涛, 周蒂, 等, 2009. 南海岩石圈破裂方式与扩张过程的三维物理模拟. 地球科学, 34(3): 435-447. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2383.2009.03.008

唐武, 王英民, 杨彩虹, 等, 2013. 琼东南盆地南部深水区生物礁演化规律及主控因素. 天然气地球科学, 24(5): 965-974. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201305012.htm

王崇友, 何希贤, 裘松余, 1979. 西沙群岛西永-井碳酸盐岩地层与微体古生物的初步研究. 石油实验地质, 1: 23-38. doi: 10.11781/sysydz197900023

王强, 赵明辉, 张浩宇, 等, 2020. 基于重处理数据的南海西北次海盆地壳速度结构. 中国科学(D辑), 50(11): 1553-1568. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK202011003.htm

姚伯初, 1995. 中南-礼乐断裂的特征及其构造意义. 南海地质研究, 1-14.

袁野, 赵明辉, 贺恩远, 等, 2021. 张裂陆缘地壳结构特征与张裂模式. 地球科学, 46(3): 801-816. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX202103004.htm

岳军培, 张艳, 沈怀磊, 等, 2013. 华南陆缘地质特征对南海北部盆地基底的约束. 石油学报, 34(S2): 120-128. doi: 10.7623/syxb2013S2014

张功成, 贾庆军, 王万银, 等, 2018. 南海构造格局及其演化. 地球物理学报, 61(10): 4194-4215. doi: 10.6038/cjg2018L0698

周蒂, 王万银, 庞雄, 等, 2006. 地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带. 中国科学(D辑), 36(3): 209-218. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200603000.htm

朱伟林, 米立军, 2010. 中国海域含油气盆地图集. 北京: 石油工业出版社.

邹和平, 2001. 南海北部陆缘张裂——岩石圈拆沉的地壳响应. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 21(1): 39-44. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYDZ200101007.htm

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(10)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (901) PDF downloads(83)

Tectonic Framework in the Xisha Area and Its Differential Evolution

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.098

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

Export File

Citation

Format

Content