• 中国出版政府奖提名奖

    中国百强科技报刊

    湖北出版政府奖

    中国高校百佳科技期刊

    中国最美期刊

    Volume 49 Issue 10
    Oct.  2024
    Turn off MathJax
    Article Contents
    Article Navigation >  Earth Science  > 2024  >  49(10): 3647-3673
    Wang Zhihong, Zeng Xiongwei, Wei Kai, Wu Fafu, Yao Huazhou, Ralph Thomas Becker, 2024. Investigation and Research Status of Devonian in Morocco, NW Africa. Earth Science, 49(10): 3647-3673. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.117
    Citation: Wang Zhihong, Zeng Xiongwei, Wei Kai, Wu Fafu, Yao Huazhou, Ralph Thomas Becker, 2024. Investigation and Research Status of Devonian in Morocco, NW Africa. Earth Science, 49(10): 3647-3673. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.117
    shu

    Investigation and Research Status of Devonian in Morocco, NW Africa

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.117
    • 1.

      Hubei Key Laboratory of Paleontology and Geological Environment Evolution, Wuhan 430205, China

    • 2.

      Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Central South China), Wuhan 430205, China

    • 3.

      Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany

    • 4.

      Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, China

    • Received Date: 2023-03-03
      Available Online: 2024-11-08
    • Publish Date: 2024-10-25
      Abstract
    • The Moroccan Devonian is renowned in the fields of geology, especially in paleontology, for its abundant and well-preserved fossils, which have yielded trilobites, cephalopods, corals, brachiopods, conodonts, fishes, and plants. These fossils provide valuable evidence for clarifying stratigraphic sequences, ascertaining fossil communities, paleoenvironments and geological events. Moreover, due to Morocco's unique paleogeographic location in the Devonian, the identification of rock associations, biotic provinces and their spatiotemporal distribution contributes to the reconstruction of the ocean systems between Gondwana and Laurussia. In this article it reviews the history of Morocco geological surveys and discusses the three main stages of Morocco Devonian research. In recent years, interdisciplinary study and cross-regional cooperation have emerged as the main development trends. Significant new discoveries and insights have been made in the fields of paleontology, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology by leveraging the abundant fossil resources in Morocco. Making full use of this treasure trove of fossils will help to better understand the evolutionary history of the earth and deal with today's biodiversity crisis and environmental problems.

       

      • FullText(HTML)
    • loading
      • References(193)
    • Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., 2001. Prospects for an Upper Givetian Substage. Fossil Record, 4(1): 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040107
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., 2007. New Upper Givetian to Basal Frasnian Conodont Faunas from the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Geological Quarterly, 51(4): 345-374.
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., 2011. The Global Taghanic Biocrisis (Givetian) in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 304(1-2): 136-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.015
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., et al., 2004a. Givetian Biostratigraphy and Facies Development at Oufrane (Tata Region, Eastern Dra Valley, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique, 19: 53-59.
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., El Hassani, A., 2004b. Givetian Stratigraphy and Faunas at Tiguisselt (Tata Region, Dra Valley, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, 19: 60-63.
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., Eichholt, S., et al., 2021. The Devonian of Jebel Ardouz (Mzoudia Region, SW Moroccan Meseta): New Data on Stratigraphy, Facies, and Palaeogeography. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(2): 203-228. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27122
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., Richter, J., et al., 2020. The Unique Devonian of Immouzer-du-Kandar (Middle Atlas Basement)-Biostratigraphy, Faunas, and Facies Development. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(1): 127-173. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i1.27136
      Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., Bultynck, P., 2015. Emsian (Lower Devonian) Conodont Stratigraphy and Correlation of the Anti-Atlas (Southern Morocco). Bulletin of Geosciences, : 893-980. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1534
      Accotto, C., Martínez Poyatos, D., Azor, A., et al., 2020. Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Moroccan Meseta: From Late Devonian Forearc Sedimentation to Early Carboniferous Collision of an Avalonian Promontory. Tectonics, 39(7): e2019TC005976. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005976
      Accotto, C., Martínez Poyatos, D. J.M., Azor, A., et al., 2019. Mixed and Recycled Detrital Zircons in the Paleozoic Rocks of the Eastern Moroccan Meseta: Paleogeographic Inferences. Lithos, 338-339: 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.04.011
      Accotto, C., Martínez Poyatos, D., Azor, A., et al., 2021. Syn-Collisional Detrital Zircon Source Evolution in the Northern Moroccan Variscides. Gondwana Research, 93: 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2021.02.001
      Aitken, S. A., Henderson, C.M., Collom, C.J., et al., 2002. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, and Origin of Lower Devonian (Emsian) Carbonate Mud Buildups, Hamar Laghdad, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco, Africa. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 50(2): 217-243. https://doi.org/10.2113/50.2.217
      Antczak, M., Berkowski, B., 2017. Ornamentation of Dermal Bones of Placodermi from the Lower Devonian of Morocco as a Measure of Biodiversity. Geologos, 23(2): 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0009
      Bault, V., Crônier, C., Bignon, A., 2022. The Influence of Palaeogeography and Tectonic Events on Trilobite Distributions in Morocco and Northwestern Algeria. Geological Magazine, 159(5): 707-729. https://doi.org/10.1017/s001675682100131x
      Becker, R. T., 1995. Taxonomy and Evolution of Late Famennian Tornocerataceae (Ammonoidea). Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen E, 16: 607-643.
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., 2011. Emsian Chronostratigraphy-Preliminary New Data and a Review of the Tafilalt (SE Morocco). SDS Newsletter, 26: 33-43.
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., Bockwinkel, J., et al., 2004a. Upper Emsian Stratigraphy at Rich Tamelougou near Torkoz (SW Dra Valley, Morocco). Devonian Neritic-Pelagic Correlation and Events in the Dra Valley (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique, 19: 85-89.
      Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., Ebbighausen, V., et al., 2004b. Lower and Middle Devonian Stratigraphy and Faunas at Bou Tserfine near Assa (Dra Valley, SW Morocco). Devonian Neritic-Pelagic Correlation and Events in the Dra Valley (Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique, 19: 90-100.
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., et al., 2021a. The Devonian and Viséan Transgression in the Eastern Jebilet (Moroccan Meseta): Review and New Data. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(2): 153-202. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27123
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., et al., 2021b. Devonian and the Carboniferous Transgression in the Skoura Region, Sub-Meseta Zone, Morocco. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(2): 229-311. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27120
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., et al., 2021c. Devonian of the Benahmed Region, Western Moroccan Meseta. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, 10(2): 13-51. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27118
      Becker, R. T., Cozar, P., Aboussalam, Z. S., et al., 2021d. Viséan Transgression and Reworking at Boudouda (NW Benahmed, Western Moroccan Meseta). Frontiers in Science and Engineering, 10(2): 103-129. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27125
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., et al., 2020a. The Devonian of the Oued Cherrat Zone (Western Meseta): Review and New Data. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(1): 27-85. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i1.27135
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., El Hassani, A., et al., 2020b. Devonian and Basal Carboniferous of the Allochthonous Nappes at Mrirt (Eastern Part of Western Meseta): Review and New Data. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(1): 87-126.
      Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., Hartenfels, S., 2012. The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary at Lalla Mimouna (Northern Maider, Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco): Preliminary New Data. SDS Newsletter, 27: 31-37.
      Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., Ebbighausen, V., et al., 2000. Jebel Mrakib, Anti-Atlas (Morocco), a Potential Upper Famennian Substage Boundary Stratotype Section. Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique Maroc, 399: 75-86.
      Becker, R. T., El Hassani, A., 2020. Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Facies of the Moroccan Meseta: Implications for Palaeogeography and Structural Interpretation: A Project Outline. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, 10(1): 9-25. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i1.27132
      Becker, R. T., El Hassani, A., Aboussalam, Z. S., et al., 2018. The Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of the Eastern Anti-Atlas: Introduction to a "Cephalopod Paradise". Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 110: 145-157.
      Becker, R. T., House, M. R., 1994. International Emsian to Mid-Givetian (Devonian) Goniatite Zonation with New Records from Morocco. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 169: 79-135.
      Becker, R. T., House, M. R., 2000a. Emsian and Eifelian Ammonoid Succession at Bou Tchrafine (Tafilalt Platform, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). In: El Hassani, A., Tahiri, A., eds., Moroccan Meeting of the Subcommision on Devonian Stratigraphy (SDS)-IGCP 421 Excursion Guidebook. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique, 399: 21-26.
      Becker, R. T., House, M. R., 2000b. Late Givetian and Frasnian Ammonoid Succession at Bou Tchrafine (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, 399: 27-35.
      Becker, R.T., House, M. R., 2000c. Devonian Ammonoid Succession at Jbel Amelane (Western Tafilalt, Southern Morocco). Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc, 399: 49-56.
      Becker, R. T., House, M. R., Bockwinkel, J., et al., 2002. Famennian Ammonoid Zones of the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Southern Morocco). Münstersche Forschungen zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 93: 159-205.
      Becker, R. T., Jansen, U., Plodowski, G., et al., 2004c. Devonian Litho- and Biostratigraphy of the Dra Valley Area: An Overview. Document de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, 19: 3-18.
      Becker, R. T., Klug, C., Söte, T., et al., 2019. The Oldest Ammonoids of Morocco (Tafilalt, Lower Emsian). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 138(1): 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-019-00189-1
      Belka, Z., 1998. Early Devonian Kess-Kess Carbonate Mud Mounds of the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco), and Their Relation to Submarine Hydrothermal Venting. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(3): 368-377. https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.68.368
      Belka, Z., Berkowski, B., 2005. Discovery of Thermophilic Corals in an Ancient Hydrothermal Vent Community, Devonian, Morocco. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55: 1-7.
      Belka, Z., Klug, C., Kaufmann, B., et al., 1999. Devonian Conodont and Ammonoid Succession of the Eastern Tafilalt (Ouidane Chebbi Section), Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Acta Geologica Polonica, 49(1): 1-23.
      Berkowski, B., 2006. Vent and Mound Rugose Coral Associations from the Middle Devonian of Hamar Laghdad (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Geobios, 39(2): 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2004.11.003
      Berkowski, B., 2012. Life Strategies and Function of Dissepiments in Rugose Coral Catactotoechus Instabilis from the Lower Devonian of Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57(2): 391-400. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0048
      Berkowski, B., Jakubowicz, M., Belka, Z., et al., 2019. Recurring Cryptic Ecosystems in Lower to Middle Devonian Carbonate Mounds of Hamar Laghdad (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 523: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.011
      Berkowski, B., Klug, C., 2012. Lucky Rugose Corals on Crinoid Stems: Unusual Examples of Subepidermal Epizoans from the Devonian of Morocco. Lethaia, 45(1): 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2011.00278.x
      Berkowski, B., Weyer, D., 2012. Hamaraxonia, a New Pseudocolumellate Genus of Middle Devonian Deep-Water Rugosa (Anthozoa) from Morocco. Geologica Belgica, 15: 245-253.
      Berkowski, B., Zapalski, M. K., 2014. Unusual Tabulate-Crinoid Biocoenosis from the Lower Devonian of Morocco. Lethaia, 47(2): 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12048[LinkOut]
      Berkowski, B., Zapalski, M. K., Jarochowska, E., et al., 2021. Early Development and Coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco—Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic Octocorals? PLoS One, 16(9): e0257523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257523
      Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., 2017. Ammonoids from the Late Givetian Taouzites Bed of Ouidane Chebbi (Eastern Tafilalt, SE Morocco). Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 284(3): 307-354. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0664
      Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R. T., Ebbighausen, V., 2002. Morphometry and Taxonomy of Lower Famennian Sporadoceratidae (Goniatitida) from Southern Morocco. Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 57: 279-297.
      Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R. T., Ebbighausen, V., 2009. Upper Givetian Ammonoids from Dar Kaoua (Tafilalt, SE Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen, 10: 61-128.
      Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R. T., Ebbighausen, V., 2013. Late Givetian Ammonoids from Hassi Nebech (Tafilalt Basin, Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco). Fossil Record, 16(1): 5-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201300001
      Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R. T., Ebbighausen, V., 2015. Late Givetian Ammonoids from Ait ou Amar (Northern Maider, Anti-Atlas, Southeastern Morocco). Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 278(2): 123-158. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0516
      Brachert, T. C., Buggisch, W., Flügel, E., et al., 1992. Controls of Mud Mound Formation: The Early Devonian Kess-Kess Carbonates of the Hamar Laghdad, AntiAtlas, Morocco. Geologische Rundschau, 81(1): 15-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01764537
      Brett, C. E., Zambito, J. J., Schindler, E., et al., 2012. Diagenetically-Enhanced Trilobite Obrution Deposits in Concretionary Limestones: The Paradox of "Rhythmic Events Beds". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 367: 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.12.004
      Bultynck, P., Jacobs, L., 1981. Conodontes et Sédimentologie des Couches de Passage du Givetien au Frasnien dans le Nord du Tafilalt et dans le Ma'der (Maroc présaharien). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 53: 1-24.
      Casier, J.G., Lehmami, M., Préat, A., 1997. Ostracodes et SédimentologieDu Givétienà Ain Khira (Meseta Nord-Occidentale Du Maroc). Revue de paléobiologie, 16: 151-167.
      Cavalazzi, B., Barbieri, R., Cady, S. L., et al., 2012. Iron-Framboids in the Hydrocarbon-Related Middle Devonian Hollard Mound of the Anti-Atlas Mountain Range in Morocco: Evidence of Potential Microbial Biosignatures. Sedimentary Geology, 263: 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.007
      Cavalazzi, B., Barbieri, R., Ori, G. G., 2007. Chemosynthetic Microbialites in the Devonian Carbonate Mounds of Hamar Laghdad (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Sedimentary Geology, 200(1/2): 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.002
      Chaloüan, A., Michard, A., 1985. Age Anté-Viséen de La Phase Varisque Paroxysmale Dans Les Nappes Ghomarides Du Rit Interne (Maroc) / Pre-Visean Age of the Main Variscan Folding in the Ghomarides Nappes, Inner Rif, Morocco. Sciences Géologiques Bulletin, 38(2): 165-174. https://doi.org/10.3406/sgeol.1985.1704
      Charrière, A., Regnault, S., 1989. Stratigraphie du Dévonien de la Boutonnière d'Immouzer du Kandar (sud de Fès), Maroc; Conséquences Paléogéographiques. Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. Maroc, 335: 25-35.
      Cherradi, B., Laadila, M., Bouziane, A. B., et al., 2007. Le Devonien Inferieur des Ouled Abbou (Maroc). Organisation Sédimentaire, Modalités Diagénétiques et Impact sur la Porosité. Estudios Geológicos, 63(2): 87-101. https://doi.org/10.3989/egeol.07632195
      Choubert, G., Clariond, L., Hindermeyer, J., 1952. Livret-Guide de l'Excursion C 36. Anti-Atlas Central et Oriental. In: Congr Géol Intern, Session XIX Alger Sér. Maroc, 11: 1-8.
      Coatham, S. J., Vinther, J., Rayfield, E. J., et al., 2020. Was the Devonian Placoderm Titanichthys a Suspension Feeder? Royal Society Open Science, 7(5): 200272. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200272
      Cornée, J.J., Destombes, J.A., Willefert, S.O., 1987. Stratigraphie du Paléozoïque de l'Extrémiténord-Ouest du Haut-Atlas Occidental (Maroc Hercynien); Interprétationdu Cadre Sédimentairedu Maroc Occidental. Bulletin de la Societé Geologiquede France, 3(2): 327-335. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.III.2.327
      Cornée, J. J., Racheboeuf, P. R., Tayebi, M., et al., 1990. Les Formations Dévoniennes de La Nappe des Aït Tounart (Partie Occidentale Du Massif Ancien Du Haut Atlas, Maroc Hercynien). Géologie Méditerranéenne, 17(3): 331-342. https://doi.org/10.3406/geolm.1990.1448
      Corriga, M. G., Corradini, C., Haude, R., et al., 2014. Conodont and Crinoid Stratigraphy of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian Scyphocrinoid Beds of Tafilalt, Southeastern Morocco. GFF, 136(1): 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2013.862849
      Crick, R. E., Ellwood, B. B., El Hassani, A., et al., 2000. Proposed Magnetostratigraphy Susceptibility Magnetostratotype for the Eifelian-Givetian GSSP (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Episodes, 23(2): 93-101. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i2/002
      Cronin, B., 2001. Bibliometrics and Beyond: Some Thoughts on Web-Based Citation Analysis. Journal of Information Science, 27(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/016555150102700101
      De Baets, K., Klug, C., Plusquellec, Y., 2010. Zlíchovian Faunas with Early Ammonoids from Morocco and Their Use for the Correlation of the Eastern Anti-Atlas and the Western Dra Valley. Bulletin of Geosciences, 85(2): 317-352. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1172
      Delchini, S., Lahfid, A., Lacroix, B., et al., 2018. The Geological Evolution of the Variscan Jebilet Massif, Morocco, Inferred from New Structural and Geochronological Analyses. Tectonics, 37(12): 4470-4493. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005002
      Derycke, C., Spalletta, C., Perri, M. C., et al., 2008. Famennian Chondrichthyan Microremains from Morocco and Sardinia. Journal of Paleontology, 82(5): 984-995. https://doi.org/10.1666/07-102.1
      Dojen, C., Aboussalam, S., Becker, R.T., 2011. Lowermost Emsian to Lower Givetian Ostracods from the Western Dra Valley (Morocco): First Palaeoecological and Event-Stratigraphical Data. Joannea Geologie und Paläontologie, 11: 53-54.
      Dopieralska, J., 2009. Reconstructing Seawater Circulation on the Moroccan Shelf of Gondwana during the Late Devonian: Evidence from Nd Isotope Composition of Conodonts. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 10(3): Q03015. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gc002247
      Doring, S., Kazmierczak, M., 2001. Stratigraphy, Geometry, and Facies of a Middle Devonian Ramp-to-Basin Transect (Eastern Anti-Atlas, SE Morocco). Facies, 44(1): 137-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668171
      Dresnay, R. D., 1963. Carte Géologique du Haut Atlas Oriental Feuille de Bou Arfa, Iche, Talzaza et Figuig au 1/200 000. Notes et Mémmoire du ServiceGéologique du Maroc. Rabat. 158.
      Dworczak, P. G., Berkowski, B., Jakubowicz, M., 2020. Epizoans Immured in the Heterocoral Oligophylloides Maroccanus Weyer, 2017: A Unique Record from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Morocco. Lethaia, 53(4): 452-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12369
      Ebbighausen, V., Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., et al., 2007. Givetian (Middle Devonian) Brachiopod-Goniatite-Correlation in the Dra Valley (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) and Bergisch Gladbach-Paffrath Syncline (Rhenish Massif, Germany). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 278(1): 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp278.7
      Ebbighausen, V., Becker, R. T., Bockwinkel, J., 2011. Emsian and Eifelian Ammonoids from Oufrane, Eastern Dra Valley (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) Taxonomy, Stratigraphy and Correlation. Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 259(3): 313-379. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0121
      Ebbighausen, V., Bockwinkel, J., Becker, R.T., et al., 2004. Late Emsian and Eifelian Stratigraphy at Oufrane (Tata Region, Eastern Dra Valley, Morocco). Documents de l'Institut Scientifique Rabat, 19: 44-52.
      Eichholt, S., Becker, R. T., 2016. Middle Devonian Reef Facies and Development in the Oued Cherrat Zone and Adjacent Regions (Moroccan Meseta). Facies, 62(2): 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-015-0459-z
      Eichholt, S., Becker, R. T., Aboussalam, Z. S., et al., 2021. Devonian of the Mechra Ben Abbou Region (Rehamna): New Data on the Reef Succession, Microfacies, Stratigraphy, and Palaeogeography. Frontiers in Science and Engineering, Earth, Water and Oceans, Environmental Sciences, 10(2): 109-152. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27124
      El Bouazouli, A., Baidder, L., Diagana, O., et al., 2020. Prospecting of Potential Geothermal Resources from the East to the Moroccan Sahara. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27: 3224-3233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.660
      El Houicha, M., Aboussalam, Z. S., Rodríguez, S., et al., 2019. Discovery of Eifelian-Frasnian Corals in Metamorphic Rocks from the Rehamna Massif (Western Meseta, Moroccan Variscan Belt): Biostratigraphic and Paleogeographic Implications. Abstract Book of Geological Days of Morocco, Rabat (Morroco), 38-40.
      Fairon-Demaret, M., Regnault, S., 1986. Macroflores Dévoniennes Dans le Nord du Maroc (Boutonnière d'Imouzzer-du-Kandar, sud de Fès) Etude Paléobotanique-Implications stratigraphiques et paléogéographiques. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 109: 499-513.
      Feng, D., Chen, D. F., Peckmann, J., 2009. Rare Earth Elements in Seep Carbonates as Tracers of Variable Redox Conditions at Ancient Hydrocarbon Seeps. Terra Nova, 21(1): 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00855.x
      Franchi, F., Cavalazzi, B., Pierre, C., et al., 2015a. New Evidences of Hydrothermal Fluids Circulation at the Devonian Kess-Kess Mounds, Hamar Laghdad (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Geological Journal, 50(5): 634-650. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2582
      Franchi, F., Hofmann, A., Cavalazzi, B., et al., 2015b. Differentiating Marine vs Hydrothermal Processes in Devonian Carbonate Mounds Using Rare Earth Elements (Kess Kess Mounds, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Chemical Geology, 409: 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.05.006
      Franchi, F., Schemm-Gregory, M., Klug, C., 2012. A New Species of Ivdelinia Andronov, 1961 from the Moroccan Givetian and Its Palaeoecological and Palaeobiogeographical Implications. Bulletin of Geosciences, 87(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1294
      Franchi, F., Turetta, C., Cavalazzi, B., et al., 2016. Trace Elements and REE Geochemistry of Middle Devonian Carbonate Mounds (Maïder Basin, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco): Implications for Early Diagenetic Processes. Sedimentary Geology, 343: 56-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.07.008
      Franke, W., Cocks, L. R. M., Torsvik, T. H., 2017. The Palaeozoic Variscan Oceans Revisited. Gondwana Research, 48: 257-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.03.005
      Frey, L., Naglik, C., Hofmann, R., et al., 2014. Diversity and Palaeoecology of Early Devonian Invertebrate Associations in the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Bulletin of Geosciences, 89(1): 75-112. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1459
      Frey, L., Rücklin, M., Korn, D., et al., 2018. Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Alpha Diversity, Ecospace Occupation, Vertebrate Assemblages and Bio-Events of Southeastern Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 496: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.12.028
      Fröhlich, S., 2004. Phosphatic Black Pebbles and Nodules on a Devonian Carbonate Shelf (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38(3): 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.01.005
      Garcia-Alcalde, J. L., El Hassani, A., 2020. Les Faunes, Secretes du Givétien de lAnti-Atlas Occidental (Jbel Ou Driss et Oued Mzerreb), Maroc. Bulletin de lInstitute Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre, 42: 13-47.
      Groemer, G., Soucek, A., Frischauf, N., et al., 2014. The MARS2013 Mars Analog Mission. Astrobiology, 14(5): 360-376. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2013.1062
      Groos-Uffenorde, H., Schindler, E., Becker, R. T., et al., 2022. Late Early Devonian Ostracodes from the Torkoz Area (SW Morocco) and the Emsian/Eifelian Boundary. PalZ, 96(4): 689-747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-022-00603-z
      Guido, A., Mastandrea, A., Demasi, F., et al., 2012. Organic Matter Remains in the Laminated Microfabrics of the Kess-Kess Mounds (Hamar Laghdad, Lower Devonian, Morocco). Sedimentary Geology, 263: 194-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.12.010
      Guido, A., Mastandrea, A., Demasi, F., et al., 2013. Preliminary Biogeochemical Data on Microbial Carbonatogenesis in Ancient Extreme Environments (Kess-Kess Mounds, Morocco). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 119(1): 19-29. https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/6021
      Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., García-Bellido, D. C., 2022. The International Fossil Trade from the Paleozoic of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 485(1): 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP485.1
      Halamski, A.T., Baliński, A., 2013. Middle Devonian Brachiopods from the Southern Ma'der (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 83: 243-307.
      Halamski, A. T., Baliński, A., Jansen, U., 2020. Middle Devonian Uncinuloids (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) from North Africa and Central Europe. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 90: 51-73. https://doi.org/10.14241/.2020.03
      Halamski, A. T., Baliński, A., Koppka, J., 2022. Middle Devonian Brachiopods from Northern Maïder (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 92: 1-86. https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2022.03
      Hampe, O., Aboussalam, Z. S., Becker, R. T., 2004. Omalodus Teeth (Elasmobranchii: Omalodontida) from the Northern Gondwana Margin (Middle Givetian: Ansatus Conodont Zone, Morocco). In: Arratia, G., Wilson, M.V. H., Cloutier, R., eds., Recent Advances in the Origin and Early Radiation of Vertebrates. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 487-504.
      Hartenfels, S., Becker, R. T., 2016. The Global Annulata Events: Review and New Data from the Rheris Basin (Northern Tafilalt) of SE Morocco. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 423(1): 291-354. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp423.14
      Hartenfels, S., Becker, R. T., 2018. Age and Correlation of the Transgressive Gonioclymenia Limestone (Famennian, Tafilalt, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Geological Magazine, 155(3): 586-629. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000893
      Hilali, A., Lachkhem, H., Boulvain, F., 1998. Comparaison des Kess-Kess de Hmar Lakhdad (Emsien, Maroc) et des Monticules Micritiques de L'anticlinorium de Philippeville (Frasnien, Belgique). Geologica Belgica, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.003
      Hilgen, F. J., Bissoli, L., Iaccarino, S., et al., 2000a. Integrated Stratigraphy and Astrochronology of the Messinian GSSP at Oued Akrech (Atlantic Morocco). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 182(3/4): 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00247-8
      Hilgen, F. J., Iaccarino, S. M., Krijgsman, W., et al., 2000b. The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Messinian Stage (Uppermost Miocene). Episodes, 23(3): 172-178. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/004
      Hollard, H., 1967. Le Dévonien du Maroc et du Sahara Nord-Occidental. In: Oswald, D.H., ed., International Symposium on the Devonian System. Alberta. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Calgary., 1: 203-244.
      Hollard, H., 1974. Recherches sur la Stratigraphie des Formations du Dévonien Moyen, de l'Emsien Supérieur au Frasnien, Dans le Sud du Tafilalt et Dans le Ma'der(Anti-Atlas Oriental). Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. Maroc. , 264: 7-68.
      Hollard, H., 1981. Tableaux de Corrélations du Silurien et du Dévonien de l'Anti-Atlas. Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. Maroc. , 42: 15-21.
      Hooker, J. D., Ball, J., 1878. Journal of a Tour in Marocco and the Great Atlas, with an Appendix Including a Sketch of the Geology of Marocco, by George Maw. Macmillan, London.
      Hryniewicz, K., Jakubowicz, M., Belka, Z., et al., 2017. New Bivalves from a Middle Devonian Methane Seep in Morocco: The Oldest Record of Repetitive Shell Morphologies among Some Seep Bivalve Molluscs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 15(1): 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1136900
      Hüneke, H., Gibb, M. A., Mayer, O., et al., 2023. Bioclastic Bottom‐Current Deposits of a Devonian Contourite Terrace: Facies Variability and Depositional Architecture (Tafilalt Platform, Morocco). Sedimentology, 70: 1413-1471. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.13089
      Hüneke, H., Krienke, K., 2004. Toe-of-Slope Deposits of a Givetian Reef-Rimmed Platform: Provenance of Calcareous Density-Flow Deposits (Rabat-Tiflet-Zone, Morocco). Facies, 50(2): 327-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-004-0019-4
      Jabour, H., Dakki, M., Nahim, M., et al., 2004. The Jurassic Depositional System of Morocco and Play Concepts. Moroccan Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1: 5-39.
      Jakubowicz, M., Belka, Z., Berkowski, B., 2014a. Frutexites Encrustations on Rugose Corals (Middle Devonian, Southern Morocco): Complex Growth of Microbial Microstromatolites. Facies, 60(2): 631-650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-013-0381-1
      Jakubowicz, M., Berkowski, B., Belka, Z., 2014b. Cryptic Coral-Crinoid "Hanging Gardens" from the Middle Devonian of Southern Morocco. Geology, 42(2): 119-122. https://doi.org/10.1130/G35217.1
      Jakubowicz, M., Berkowski, B., Belka, Z., 2013. Devonian Rugose Coral 'Amplexus' and Its Relation to Submarine Fluid Seepage. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 386: 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.020
      Jakubowicz, M., Berkowski, B., Hryniewicz, K., et al., 2022. Middle Palaeozoic of Morocco: The Earliest-Known Methane Seep Metazoan Ecosystems. In: Kaim, A., Cochran, J.K., Landman, N.H., eds., Ancient Methane Seeps and Cognate Communities. Topics in Geobiology. Springer, Cham, 479-516.
      Jakubowicz, M., Dopieralska, J., Belka, Z., 2015. Tracing the Composition and Origin of Fluids at an Ancient Hydrocarbon Seep (Hollard Mound, Middle Devonian, Morocco): A Nd, REE and Stable Isotope Study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 156: 50-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.027
      Jakubowicz, M., Hryniewicz, K., Belka, Z., 2017a. Mass Occurrence of Seep-Specific Bivalves in the Oldest-Known Cold Seep Metazoan Community. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 14292. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14732-y
      Jakubowicz, M., Król, J., Zapalski, M. K., et al., 2017b. At the Southern Limits of the Devonian Reef Zone: Palaeoecology of the Aferdou El Mrakib Reef (Givetian, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Geological Journal, 54(1): 10-38. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3152
      Jansen, U., Lazreq, N., Plodowski, G., et al., 2007. Neritic-Pelagic Correlation in the Lower and Basal Middle Devonian of the Dra Valley (Southern Anti-Atlas, Moroccan Pre-Sahara). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 278(1): 9-37. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp278.2
      Joachimski, M. M., Buggisch, W., Mounji, D., et al., 1999. Hydrothermal Origin of Devonian Conical Mounds (Kess-Kess) of Hamar Lakhdad Ridge, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: Comment and Reply. Geology, 27(9): 863-864. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)0270863: hoodcm>2.3.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)0270863:hoodcm>2.3.co;2
      Jobbins, M., Haug, C., Klug, C., 2020. First African Thylacocephalans from the Famennian of Morocco and Their Role in Late Devonian Food Webs. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 5129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61770-0
      Jobbins, M., Rücklin, M., Argyriou, T., et al., 2021. A Large Middle Devonian Eubrachythoracid 'Placoderm' (Arthrodira) Jaw from Northern Gondwana. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 140(1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w
      Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R. T., El Hassani, A., 2007. Middle to Late Famennian Successions at Ain Jemaa (Moroccan Meseta)—Implications for Regional Correlation, Event Stratigraphy and Synsedimentary Tectonics of NW Gondwana. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 278(1): 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP278.11
      Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R.T., Brice, D., et al., 2004. Sedimentary Succession and Neritic Faunas around the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary at Kheneg Lakahal South of Assa (Dra Valley, SW Morocco). Documents de lInstitut Scientifique Rabat, 19: 93-100.
      Kaiser, S. I., Becker, R. T., Steuber, T., et al., 2011. Climate-Controlled Mass Extinctions, Facies, and Sea-Level Changes around the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (SE Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 310(3/4): 340-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.026
      Klug, C., Hoffmann, R., 2018. Early Devonian Actiniarian Trace Fossils (Conichnus Conicus) from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 290(1-3): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0767
      Klug, C., Lagnaoui, A., Jobbins, M., et al., 2021. The Swimming Trace Undichna from the Latest Devonian Hangenberg Sandstone Equivalent of Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 140(1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-021-00237-9
      Klug, C., Pohle, A., Korn, D., 2019. Empty Cephalopod Conchs as Substrates for Gastropod Eggs from the Hangenberg Black Shale (Late Devonian) of the Maïder Basin (Morocco). Fossil Imprint, 75(1): 59-63. https://doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0004
      Klug, C., Samankassou, E., Pohle, A., et al., 2018. Oases of Biodiversity: Early Devonian Palaeoecology at Hamar Laghdad, Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 290(1-3): 9-48. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0772
      Król, J. J., Jakubowicz, M., Zapalski, M. K., et al., 2018. Massive Tabulates in Competition for Space: A Case Study from Aferdou El Mrakib (Middle Devonian, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 497: 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.009
      Król, J. J., Zapalski, M. K., Jakubowicz, M., et al., 2016. Growth Strategies of the Tabulate Coral Favosites Bohemicus on Unstable, Soft Substrates: An Example from the Hamar Laghdad (Lower Devonian, Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 449: 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.047
      Lazreq, N., Ali, B., 2022. Discovery of Upper Devonian Conodonts and Event Stratigraphy from the Eastern Jebilet, Morocco. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 196: 104699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104699
      Lazreq, N., Königshof, P., Essaifi, A., et al., 2021. A Devonian Age for the Sarhlef Formation (Jebilet Massif, Morocco): Evidence from New Biostratigraphic Data Based on Metamorphosed Conodonts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 572: 110395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110395
      Lehman, J. P., 1975. Quelques Réflexions sur la Phylogénie des Vertébrés Inférieurs. Colloque International CNRS 218, Paris 4-9 Juin 1973, Problèmes Actuels de Paléontologie-Evolution des vertébrés, 257-264.
      Lehman, J.P., 1976a. Nouveaux Poissons Fossiles du Dévonien du Maroc. Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébrés), 62(1): 1-34.
      Lehman, J.P., 1976b. Nouveaux Poissons Dévoniens du Tafilalt (Sud-Marocain) et de ses Environs. Comptes-rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, série D, 283: 331-332.
      Lelièvre, H., 1984. Atlantidosteus Hollardi ng, n. sp., Nouveau Brachythoraci (Vertébrés, Placodermes) du Dévonien inférieur du Maroc Présaharien. Bulletin du Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle. Section C, Sciences de la Terre, paléontologie, Géologie, Minéralogie, 6(2): 197-208.
      Lelièvre, H., Janvier, P., 1986. L'Eusthénoptéridé (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) Du Famennien (Dévonien Supérieur) Du Tafilalt (Maroc): Nouvelle Description. Bulletin du Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle. Section C, Sciences de la Terre, Paléontologie, Géologie, Minéralogie, 8(3): 351-365.
      Lubeseder, S., Carr, I.D., Redfern, J., 2003. A Third-Order Sequence Stratigraphic Framework for the Devonian of Morocco: Its Implications for Enhanced Regional Correlation of the Devonian in North Africa. In AAPG Hedberg Conference, Algiers, Algeria.
      Lubeseder, S., Rath, J., Rücklin, M., et al., 2010. Controls on Devonian Hemi-Pelagic Limestone Deposition Analyzed on Cephalopod Ridge to Slope Sections, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Facies, 56(2): 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-009-0205-5
      Lusty, P. A. J., Goodenough, K. M., Essaifi, A., et al., 2015. Developing the Lithotectonic Framework and Model for Sulphide Mineralization in the Jebilet Massif, Morocco: Implications for Regional Exploration. In: André-Mayer, A.S., Cathelineau, M., Muchez, P.H., et al., eds., Mineral Resources in a Sustainable World. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial SGA Meeting, Nancy, France.
      Lüning, S., Adamson, K., Craig, J., 2003. Frasnian Organic-Rich Shales in North Africa: Regional Distribution and Depositional Model. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 207(1): 165-184. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.207.9
      Mamet, B., Preat, A., Lehmami, M., 1999. Algues Calcaires Marines Du Dévonien Marocain (Meseta). Revue De Micropaléontologie, 42(4): 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-1598(99)90049-1
      Marhoumi, M. R., Hoepffner, C., Doubinger, J., et al., 1983. Données Nouvelles sur l'Histoire Hercynienne de la Meseta Orientaleau Maroc: l'âge Dévonien des Schistes de Debdou et du Mekkam. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie Des Sciences de Paris, 297(II): 69-72.
      Massa, D., Combaz, A., Manderscheid, G., 1965. Observations sur les Séries Siluro-Dévoniennes des Confns Algéro-Marocains du sud (1954—1955). Notes Mém Comp Franç Petrol, 8: 1-187.
      Médioni, R., 1980. Mise au Point Stratigraphique sur les Terrains Carbonifères de la bordure septentrionale des Hauts-Plateaux marocains(massifs de Debdou, boutonnières de Lalla-Mimouna et du Mekam). Notes Du Service Géologique Du Maroc, 285(41): 25-37.
      Mergl, M., 2018. The Late Emsian Association of Weakly Plicate Brachiopods from Hamar Laghdad (Tafilalt, Morocco) and Their Ecology. Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie Und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 290(1-3): 153-182. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0775
      Meyer-Berthaud, B., Decombeix, A. L., Ermacora, X., 2013. Archaeopterid Root Anatomy and Architecture: New Information from Permineralized Specimens of Famennian Age from Anti-Atlas (Morocco). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174(3): 364-381. https://doi.org/10.1086/668685
      Michard, A., Saddiqi, O., Chalouan, A., et al., 2008. Continental Evolution: The Geology of Morocco: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Tectonics of the Africa-Atlantic-Mediterranean Triple Junction. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.
      Montenat, C., Baidder, L., Barrier, P., et al., 1996. Contrôle Tectonique de l'édification des Monticules Biosédimentaires Dévoniens du Hmar Lakhdad d'Erfoud (Anti-Atlas oriental, Maroc). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série 2. Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes, 323(4): 297-304.
      Mounji, D., Bourque, P. A., Savard, M. M., 1998. Hydrothermal Origin of Devonian Conical Mounds (Kess-Kess) of Hamar Lakhdad Ridge, Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Geology, 26(12): 1123-1126. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)0261123: hoodcm>2.3.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)0261123:hoodcm>2.3.co;2
      Nance, R. D., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Keppie, J. D., et al., 2012. A Brief History of the Rheic Ocean. Geoscience Frontiers, 3(2): 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.11.008
      Nazik, A., Groos-Uffenorde, H., 2016. Notes on Beyrichiacean Ostracodes from the Early Devonian of NW Turkey and Their Palaeobiogeographical Relations. Turkish Journalof Earth Sciences, 25(3): 201-226. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1505-18
      Olempska, E., Belka, Z., 2010. Hydrothermal Vent Myodocopid Ostracods from the Eifelian (Middle Devonian) of Southern Morocco. Geobios, 43(5): 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.06.001
      Ouanaimi, H., Soulaimani, A., Baidder, L., et al., 2018. Unraveling a Distal Segment of the West African Craton Paleozoic Margin: Stratigraphy of the Mougueur Inlier of the Eastern High Atlas, Morocco. Comptes Rendus Géoscience, 350(6): 289-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2018.06.008
      Oukassou, M., Naugolnykh, S. V., 2021. Rehamnia (Lycopodiophyta), a New Enigmatic Late Devonian Plant from Morocco. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 182: 104274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104274
      Peckmann, J., Little, C. T. S., Gill, F., et al., 2005. Worm Tube Fossils from the Hollard Mound Hydrocarbon-Seep Deposit, Middle Devonian, Morocco: Palaeozoic Seep-Related Vestimentiferans? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 227(1-3): 242-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.04.021
      Peckmann, J., Walliser, O. H., Riegel, W., et al., 1999. Signatures of Hydrocarbon Venting in a Middle Devonian Carbonate Mound (Hollard Mound) at the Hamar Laghdad (Antiatlas, Morocco). Facies, 40(1): 281-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537477
      Pedder, A. E., 1999. Paleogeographic Implications of a Devonian (Givetian, Lower Varcus Subzone) Rugose Coral Fauna from the Mader Basin (Morocco). Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 54: 385-434.
      Pohle, A., Fuchs, D., Korn, D., et al., 2020. Spatial Distribution of Oncocerid Cephalopods on a Middle Devonian Bedding Plane Suggests Semelparous Life Cycle. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 2847. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59507-0
      Pohle, A., Klug, C., 2018. Early and Middle Devonian Cephalopods from Hamar Laghdad (Tafilalt, Morocco) and Remarks on Epicoles and Cameral Deposits. Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie Und Paläontologie-Abhandlungen, 290(1/2/3): 203-240. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0776
      Regnault, S., Chauvel, J., 1987. Découverte D'un Échinoderme Carpoïde (Stylophora-Mitrata)Dans Le Dévonien Inférieur Du Maroc. Geobios, 20(5): 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(87)80020-7
      Roch, E., 1930. Etude Géologique Dans la Région Méridionale du Maroc Occidental. Notes Mém. Serv. géol. Maroc, Rabat, 9: 542.
      Rücklin, M., 2010. A New Frasnian Placoderm Assemblage from the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco, and Its Palaeobiogeographical Implications. Palaeoworld, 19(1-2): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2009.11.002
      Sartenaer, P., 2000. Phacoiderhynchus, a New Middle Famennian Rhynchonellid Genus from the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, and Phacoiderhynchidae n. fam. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70: 75-88.
      Schemm-Gregory, M., 2009. On the Genus Quiringites Struve, 1992 (Brachiopoda, Middle Devonian). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 50(1): 3-20. https://doi.org/10.3374/014.050.0101
      Schmitz, B., Ellwood, B. B., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., et al., 2006. Platinum Group Elements and 187Os/188Os in a Purported Impact Ejecta Layer near the Eifelian-Givetian Stage Boundary, Middle Devonian. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 249(3/4): 162-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.024
      Schraut, G., 2000. Trilobiten Aus Dem Unter-Devon des Südöstlichen Anti-Atlas, SÜD-Marokko. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 79(2): 361-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043647
      Selley, R.C., Van der Spuy, D., 2016. The Oil and Gas Basins of Africa. Episodes Journal of International Geoscience, 39(2): 429-445. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i2/95786
      Sgavetti, M., Serventi, G., Tampella, G., et al., 2015. Spectral Reflectance Characteristics of the Hamar Laghdad Hydrothermal Sequence, Morocco: Implications for the Methane Origin on Mars. Icarus, 245: 184-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.027
      Söte, T., Becker, R.T., 2021. Upper Frasnian Ammonoids and Gastropods from Boudouda (Benahmed Region, Moroccan Meseta). Frontiers in Science and Engineering, 10(2): 75-101. https://doi.org/10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/fsejournal-v10i2.27121
      Tahiri, A., Montero, P., Hadi, H., et al., 2010. Geochronological Data on the Rabat-Tiflet Granitoids: Their Bearing on the Tectonics of the Moroccan Variscides. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 57(1-2): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAFREARSCI.2009.07.005
      Tanrattana, M., Meyer-Berthaud, B., Decombeix, A.L., 2017. Callixylon wendtii sp. nov., a New Species of Archaeopteridalean Progymnosperm from the Late Devonian of Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 108(4): 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691017000457
      Tessitore, L., Naglik, C., de Baets, K., et al., 2016. Neptunian Dykes in the Devonian Carbonate Buildup Aferdou El Mrakib (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) and Implications for Its Growth. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. -Abh, 281: 247-266. doi: 10.1127/njgpa/2016/0598
      Tessitore, L., Schemm-Gregory, M., Korn, D., et al., 2013. Taphonomy and Palaeoecology of the Green Devonian Gypidulid Brachiopods from the Aferdou El Mrakib, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 132(1): 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-012-0050-y
      Torbi, A., 1996. Stratigraphie et Évolution Structurale Paléozoïque D'un Segment de La Meseta Orientale Marocaine (Monts Du Sud-Est d'Oujda): Rôle des Décrochements Dans La Formation de L'olistostrome Intraviséen et Le Plutonisme Tardi-Hercynien. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 22(4): 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(96)00036-X
      Vachard, D., Loboziak, S., Fadli, D., et al., 1989. Miospores et Foraminiferes Du Famennien des Massifs des Mdakra et Du Khatouat (Maroc). Sciences Géologiques, Bulletins et Memoires Année, 83: 47-55.
      Walliser, O., Bultynck, P., 2011. Extinctions, Survival and Innovations of Conodont Species during the Kacák Episode (Eifelian-Givetian) in South-Eastern Morocco. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre, 81: 5-25.
      Walliser, O. H., Bultynck, P., Weddige, K., et al., 1995. Definition of the Eifelian-Givetian Stage Boundary. Episodes, 18(3): 107-115. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1995/v18i3/002
      Webster, G. D., Becker, R. T., 2009. Devonian (Emsian to Frasnian) Crinoids of the Dra Valley, Western Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 314(1): 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP314.7
      Webster, G. D., Becker, R. T., Maples, C. G., 2005. Biostratigraphy, Paleoecology, and Taxonomy of Devonian (Emsian and Famennian) Crinoids from Southeastern Morocco. Journal of Paleontology, 79(6): 1052-1071. https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1052: bpatod]2.0.co;2 doi: 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[1052:bpatod]2.0.co;2
      Wendt, J., 1988. Facies Pattern and Paleogeography of the Middle and Late Devonian in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). In: McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World. Proc. 2nd Intern. Symp. Devonian System, Alberta, Canad. Soc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 14(1): 467-480.
      Wendt, J., 1985. Disintegration of the Continental Margin of Northwestern Gondwana: Late Devonian of the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco).Geology, 13(11): 815-818. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13815: dotcmo>2.0.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13815:dotcmo>2.0.co;2
      Wendt, J., 1993. Steep-Sided Carbonate Mud Mounds in the Middle Devonian of the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Geological Magazine, 130(1): 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800023736
      Wendt, J., 1995. Shell Directions as a Tool in Palaeocurrent Analysis.Sedimentary Geology, 95(3-4): 161-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(94)00104-3
      Wendt, J., 2021a. Middle and Late Devonian Paleogeography of the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). International Journal of Earth Sciences, 110(5): 1531-1544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-02028-6
      Wendt, J., 2021b. Middle and Late Devonian Sea-Level Changes and Synsedimentary Tectonics in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences, 182: 104247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104247
      Wendt, J., Aigner, T., Neugebauer, J., 1984. Cephalopod Limestone Deposition on a Shallow Pelagic Ridge: The Tafilalt Platform (Upper Devonian, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Sedimentology, 31(5): 601-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01226.x
      Wendt, J., Belka, Z., 1991. Age and Depositional Environment of Upper Devonian (Early Frasnian to Early Famennian) Black Shales and Limestones (Kellwasser Facies) in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Facies, 25(1): 51-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536755
      Zatoń, M., Jakubowicz, M., Król, J. J., et al., 2023. Tiny Inhabitants of a Large Middle Devonian Reef of Northern Gondwana: Sclerobionts of the Coral-Stromatoporoid Aferdou El Mrakib Buildup, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 612: 111392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111392
      • Relative Articles
      • Supplements(0)
      • Cited By
    • 加载中

    Catalog

      通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
      • 1. 

        沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

      1. 本站搜索
      2. 百度学术搜索
      3. 万方数据库搜索
      4. CNKI搜索

      Figures(10)

      Get Citation
      PDF
      XML
      Article views (344) PDF downloads(67) Cited by()
      Proportional views

      Address：湖北省武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号《地球科学》编辑部 China Pos：430074

      Tel：027-67885075 Fax：027-67885075

      Copyright ©2020 鄂ICP备15021562号-2

      Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  support: info@rhhz.net

      /

      DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
      Return
      Return