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    Volume 50 Issue 3
    Mar.  2025
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    Article Navigation >  Earth Science  > 2025  >  50(3): 964-982
    Wu Yuyang, Song Haijun, Chu Daoliang, Song Huyue, Tian Li, 2025. Environmental Impacts and Biotic Responses to Volcanism during the Permian⁃Triassic Transition. Earth Science, 50(3): 964-982. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2024.156
    Citation: Wu Yuyang, Song Haijun, Chu Daoliang, Song Huyue, Tian Li, 2025. Environmental Impacts and Biotic Responses to Volcanism during the Permian⁃Triassic Transition. Earth Science, 50(3): 964-982. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2024.156
    shu

    Environmental Impacts and Biotic Responses to Volcanism during the Permian⁃Triassic Transition

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2024.156

    • State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

    • Received Date: 2024-11-30
    • Publish Date: 2025-03-25
      Abstract
    • Humanity is facing global warming driven by large-scale anthropogenic carbon emissions, alongside a series of global climate changes and ecological crises. Throughout geological history, several hyperthermal events triggered by massive volcanic activity have occurred, often accompanied by mass extinctions. These geological events provide important analogs for modern global warming. The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (~252 Ma), the largest mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, is widely attributed to massive volcanisms and the resulting environmental changes. This review examines recent research on volcanism during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and summarizes the types and magnitudes of volcanic degassing, including CO2, SO2, halogens, and metals. We also summarize the environmental impacts of global warming, ocean acidification, volcanic winter, acid rain, ozone depletion, and metal poisoning directly triggered by volcanic degassing, and assess how these changes drove mass extinctions in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between volcanism and mass extinction. A comparison of Permian-Triassic carbon emissions with modern anthropogenic carbon emissions reveals that modern carbon emission and warming rates may be unprecedented in the past 252 million years.

       

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