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    Volume 50 Issue 9
    Sep.  2025
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    Article Navigation >  Earth Science  > 2025  >  50(9): 3441-3453
    Wu Jian, Peng Yong, Kong Shaofei, Hu Yao, Qin Xujing, Wu Zheng, Qi Shihua, 2025. Emission Characteristics and Inventory of PCDD/Fs in Fine Particulate Matter from Domestic Biomass and Coal Combustion in China. Earth Science, 50(9): 3441-3453. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.090
    Citation: Wu Jian, Peng Yong, Kong Shaofei, Hu Yao, Qin Xujing, Wu Zheng, Qi Shihua, 2025. Emission Characteristics and Inventory of PCDD/Fs in Fine Particulate Matter from Domestic Biomass and Coal Combustion in China. Earth Science, 50(9): 3441-3453. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.090
    shu

    Emission Characteristics and Inventory of PCDD/Fs in Fine Particulate Matter from Domestic Biomass and Coal Combustion in China

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.090
    • 1.

      School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

    • 2.

      Research Center for Complex Air Pollution of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430078, China

    • 3.

      State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

    • Received Date: 2025-04-04
    • Publish Date: 2025-09-25
      Abstract

    • Indoor simulation combustion experiments were performed using a dilution tunnel sampling system. The emission characteristics of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion were analyzed using isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), with subsequent calculation of emission factors. By integrating China's fuel consumption and population density data, we developed a "bottom-up" emission inventory for PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs from domestic biomass and coal combustion in China. The key findings are as follows: (1) The mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion ranged from 0.181 to 4.700 pg/m3, with international toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) concentrations of 0.081 to 2.300 pg I-TEQ/m3. Congener analysis revealed that 2, 3, 7, 8-T4CDD (P < 0.01, R2=0.90) showed strong correlations with I-TEQ concentration, suggesting its potential as reliable toxicity indicators for PM2.5-bound PCDD/Fs from domestic biomass and coal combustion. (2) The mass-based emission factors of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 were (1.82±0.97) ng/kg for biomass combustion and (4.09±2.76) ng/kg for coal combustion. The corresponding I-TEQ emission factors were (0.40±0.21) ng I-TEQ/kg (domestic biomass) and (0.53±0.24) ng I-TEQ/kg (domestic coal). (3) In 2021, the total emissions of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from domestic biomass and coal combustion reached 90.0 g I-TEQ. With spatial analysis showing emission hotspots (> 8 μg I-TEQ/km2) concentrated in Northeast and East China. Compared to previous studies, the emissions of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 from waste incineration (22.56 g I-TEQ) and industrial combustion (208 g I-TEQ) were 0.2 times and 1.5 times those from domestic biomass and coal combustion, respectively. These results highlight that domestic biomass and coal combustion represent non-negligible and substantial sources of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5. (4) The estimated inhalation cancer risks were (9.5±7.2)×10-5 for domestic biomass combustion and (3.1±1.7)×10-5 for domestic coal combustion, representing 3.3-fold and 1.1-fold increases respectively over occupational exposure risks for industrial workers ((2.88±2.45)×10-5).

       

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