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| Citation: | Shen Danyi, Yang Jian, Zhu Yongsheng, Wu Jiayao, Yang Jiangtao, 2026. Research Progress on Formation Mechanisms and Rapid Hazard Assessment of Snow Avalanche. Earth Science, 51(4): 1513-1528. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.277
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Investigation of avalanche formation mechanisms and pre-disaster hazard assessment is critically significant for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study synthesizes the characteristic distribution patterns of avalanches and primary classification methodologies, systematically elaborates on influencing factors and the mechanisms governing avalanche initiation, movement, and deposition. It comprehensively reviews computational approaches for snowpack stability, avalanche runout distance, and hazard level classification. On this basis, five key aspects are identified as requiring focused attention in future research: (1) A globally snow avalanche database is needed to provide a foundational resource for studies of avalanche formation and dynamics. (2) Dynamic evolution of snowpack mechanical properties under extreme climatic conditions and the coupled effects of terrain and climate on snowpack characteristics is needed, thereby elucidating the spatiotemporal patterns of avalanche activity. (3) Quantitative models for avalanche initiation probability, crack propagation mechanisms, and initiation-related fracture growth characterization methods are needed. (4) Examine erosion-deposition feedbacks and mass-energy transfer during avalanche motion, and derive quantitative relationships between deposit morphology and controlling factors are needed. (5) Runout estimation methods based on avalanche dynamics and dynamic risk assessment framework are needed to provide important reference for disaster prediction and mitigation.
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沈丹祎 附图1.zip
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