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The disaster chain initiated by near-dam reservoir landslides, characterized by its abrupt onset, cascading nature, and severe destructive potential, poses a significant threat to hydraulic structures and downstream safety. This study presents integrated physical model tests simulating landslide-generated impulse waves and subsequent dam breaching. Key data on wave evolution, dam erosion, and the breach process were systematically recorded, revealing the failure mechanisms of earth-rock dams subjected to wave impact. Leveraging the experimental data, a refined three-dimensional numerical model was developed using the Finite Volume Method. This model couples modules for landslide motion, hydrodynamics, and dam material erosion. The reliability of the numerical model was validated against the experimental results. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the influence of key factors, including landslide volume, fall height, dam geometry, and landslide location, on the breaching process. The results demonstrate that wave impact significantly accelerates dam erosion, leading to an increased peak discharge and an advanced breach timeline, highlighting a clear disaster amplification effect. This study provides both a theoretical foundation and an advanced simulation methodology for the risk identification and assessment of cascading geological hazards in near-dam reservoir areas.
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