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| Citation: | Jin Gang, Sun Yaohang, Guo Jianjun, Zou Fengyi, Yue Dongxia, 2026. Ecological Impacts of Major Road Infrastructure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Extinction Risk Assessment of Narrow-Range Species. Earth Science, 51(9): 3349-3360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.042
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Road construction and operation, as major forms of human activities, have become important sources of disturbance to natural ecosystems. It is essential for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration along transportation corridors to accurately understand the effects of roads on plant communities and their habitats, to identify how vegetation and soil properties vary with road age and distance from roads, and to assess the associated extinction risks of narrow-range species within road-affected areas. In this study, we investigated the domestic section of the Sino-Nepal Highway, a major road infrastructure project extending approximately 1 000 km across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Based on field surveys of vegetation and soil conducted at nine herbaceous sites and 19 shrub sites located within the indirect road-disturbance zone, 10-150 m from both sides of roads of different ages, we evaluated road-induced ecological effects at both the plant community and species levels. Linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) were used to comprehensively assess the effects of road age and distance from roads on plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel tests were applied to examine relationships between plant community characteristics and soil properties in herbaceous and shrub communities. In addition, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the potential suitable habitats and extinction risks of four narrow-range species within the corridor. The results show that the indirect disturbance zone within 10-150 m of roads represents a key area of ecological change in road-affected ecosystems. Roads influenced plant community characteristics primarily through disturbance-induced changes in soil physicochemical properties. Changes in the composition and diversity of herbaceous communities were mainly associated with variations in soil moisture content (SMC) and pH, whereas shrub communities were influenced by a broader set of soil variables, including SMC, pH, soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP), and soil organic carbon (SOC), with the magnitude of these effects varying with distance from the road. Within a 5 km buffer on both sides of the road corridor, Taxus wallichiana exhibited the highest extinction risk, followed by Rhodiola crenulata and Rhodiola wallichiana, whereas Meconopsis horridula showed the lowest risk. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecological impacts of road infrastructure on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and facilitate the future restoration of road-disturbed ecosystems and the conservation of narrow-range species.
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