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| Citation: | Zhou Zhiwei, Li Xu, Wang Kai, Dai Xin, Zhang Haitao, Nie Shibo, Xu Guangquan, Li Bing, 2026. Methods and Experiments of Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange Flux Monitoring and Evaluation in Hyporheic Zone. Earth Science, 51(6): 2093-2103. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.094
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Quantitative assessment of water exchange flux in hyporheic zone is of great significance for understanding mass and energy transport and transformation in regional water cycles, as well as for contaminant remediation and management. However, due to factors such as heterogeneous streambed conditions and limitations in assessment methods, traditional approaches have struggled to achieve in situ, point-scale quantitative monitoring of hyporheic exchange fluxes.To address this, this study proposes a method using an automatic seepage meter to monitor and assess groundwater-surface water exchange fluxes, supported by both laboratory and field validation tests. The results demonstrate that the automatic seepage meter accurately monitors and assesses exchange fluxes under both groundwater discharge to surface water and surface water recharge to groundwater scenarios, with experimental relative errors below 3%.Variations in the insertion depth of the automatic seepage meter into the aquifer do not significantly affect the flux assessment results, indicating strong instrument stability. Field tests confirmed the device's capability to capture subtle groundwater dynamics during discharge events, quantifying groundwater exfiltration rate at 0.064 8 m/d. This research provides parametric and technical support for hyporheic flux assessment.
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Li, B. J., Song, J. X., Zhang, Y. T., et al., 2025. Vertical Variation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Beiluo River and Response Mechanisms to Hyporheic Exchange. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 45(9): 301-315 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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Li, Y. M., Wen, Z., Schneidewind, U., et al., 2023. Effects of a Large⁃Scale Dam Structure on Upstream and Downstream Lateral Hyporheic Exchange and Residence Time Distributions: The Xinglong Water Conservancy Dam, China. Journal of Hydrology, 625(PA): 130073.
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Lu, X. H., Wu, C. F., Gong, X. L., et al., 2024. Lake⁃Groundwater Recharge Fluxes during Dry Season in Plain Lakeland Based on Radon Isotopes. Journal of Lake Sciences, 36(3): 939-950(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.18307/2024.0345
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Ma, R., Chen, K. W., Andrews, C. B., et al., 2024. Methods for Quantifying Interactions between Groundwater and Surface Water. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 49: 623-653.
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Wang, G. C., Woo, N., Soldatova, E., et al., 2025. The Influence of Groundwater⁃Surface Water Interactions on the Aquatic Environment and Ecosystems. Environmental Earth Sciences, 84(12): 313.
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Zhai, X. C., Chen, K. W., Liang, X. Y., et al., 2025. Assessment of Ensemble Data Assimilation Based Heat Tracer Method for Estimating Surface Water⁃Groundwater Interaction at Seasonal Timescale under Complex Field Conditions. Journal of Hydrology, 649: 132469.
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Zhang, P. Y., Wen, Z., Li, Y. M., 2024. Effect of Continuous River Water Level Fluctuations on Nitrate Conversion Efficiency in Hyporheic Zone. Earth Science, 49(7): 2637-2649 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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Zhang, W. B., Shen, Z. Z., Chen, G. Y., et al., 2022. Comparison of Analytical Models for Qualifying Hyporheic Exchange Flux Based on Heat Tracer Method. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 42(2): 63-71, 84 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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Zlotnik, V. A., Solomon, D. K., Genereux, D. P., et al., 2023. Theory of an Automatic Seepage Meter and Ramifications for Applications. Water Resources Research, 59(10): e2023WR034766.
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丁吾举, 陆菲雨, 赵博, 等, 2024. 氮周期供给时潜流带沉积物硝化、反硝化动力学. 地球科学, 49(10): 3712-3722. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.121
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金光球, 李凌, 2008. 河流中潜流交换研究进展. 水科学进展, 19(2): 285-293.
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