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| Citation: | Sun Haichuan, Liang Yuhang, Zhu Qi, Li Yan, Liu Luguang, Liu Hui, 2026. Enrichment Characteristics of Nitrogen in Phreatic and Confined Groundwater along Middle Reaches of Yangtze River and Their Relationship with Flow Patterns. Earth Science, 51(6): 2144-2151. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.181
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To explore the nitrogen distribution state and the influence of the surface water-groundwater recharge and discharge patterns on nitrogen enrichment in the groundwater along the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, this study conducted hydrological monitoring for two years and analyzed 288 water samples at 18 monitoring points along the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, systematically revealing the enrichment characteristics of nitrogen in the groundwater along the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River and the differences in recharge and discharge patterns of river - phreatic groundwater - confined groundwater in different enrichment areas. The results show that groundwater nitrogen concentrations exhibit significant variation. Three nitrogen distribution patterns were identified in the study area: high nitrate areas, high ammonia areas, and low nitrogen areas. The enrichment of nitrogen in groundwater on the northern side of the Yangtze River is mainly regulated by the redox potential, while the enrichment of nitrogen in groundwater on the southern side is controlled by multiple factors in combination. The high nitrate areas mostly occurs in confined groundwater, where nitrogen pollution is present in the upper phreatic groundwater and where phreatic groundwater, confined groundwater, and river water are connected, with river water as the primary source of replenishment. The high ammonia area mainly occurs in confined groundwater where the hydraulic connection among the phreatic groundwater, confined groundwater, and river water is weak or where groundwater discharges to the Yangtze River. It is not affected by nitrogen pollution in the phreatic groundwater and mainly originates from geological causes. The research results respectively reveal the enrichment characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the phreatic groundwater and confined groundwater across the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and their connections with the connectivity and replenishment and discharge relationships among the phreatic groundwater, confined groundwater, and river water, providing essential scientific basis for the biogeochemical process of nitrogen and the source analysis of nitrogen in this area.
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