四川盆地五峰组‒龙马溪组页岩沉积作用

周晓峰; 杨学锋; 李熙喆; 赵圣贤; 郭伟; 梁萍萍

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.226

Volume 51 Issue 7

Jul. 2026

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Earth Science > 2026 > 51(7): 2747-2772

Zhou Xiaofeng, Yang Xuefeng, Li Xizhe, Zhao Shengxian, Guo Wei, Liang Pingping, 2026. Sedimentation of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation Shale in Sichuan Basin. Earth Science, 51(7): 2747-2772. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.226

Citation:

Zhou Xiaofeng, Yang Xuefeng, Li Xizhe, Zhao Shengxian, Guo Wei, Liang Pingping, 2026. Sedimentation of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation Shale in Sichuan Basin. Earth Science, 51(7): 2747-2772. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.226

Citation:

PDF( 8569 KB)

Sedimentation of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation Shale in Sichuan Basin

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.226

1.
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2.
Shale Gas Institute, Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, PetroChina, Chengdu 610051, China
3.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 2026-04-01
Publish Date: 2026-07-25

Abstract

Abstract

The sedimentation of marine shale is still unclear. The 18 study units were selected from 9 core samples of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in 7 wells of the Sichuan Basin. The sedimentation of marine shale was analyzed in orderly connections such as core, optical microscopy, electron probe microscopy and MAPS technology. The results show that the marine shale is an alternation superposition of still-water sedimentation, deep-water gravity flow sedimentation and deep-water traction current sedimentation, with the difference in the petrological marks of each sedimentation. The typical mark of still-water sedimentation is the porous organic matter-clay aggregate. The typical mark of deep-water gravity flow sedimentation is the coarse-grained terrestrial quartz and shallow-water shell clastics suspended in deep-water fine-grained materials. The typical mark of deep-water traction current sedimentation is the porous organic matter. The radiolarian shales are the key for conducting marine sedimentary analysis. The combination of sedimentary environments and types is a reasonable constraint for explaining the occurrence and genesis of minerals and organic matter, as well as shale laminae. Fine reservoir evaluation based on sedimentation is an effective path for shale gas development. It is recommended to pay attention to the MAPS technology in the analysis of shale sedimentation and reservoir evaluation.
- marine shale,
- sedimentation,
- petrological evidence,
- Wufeng-Longmaxi formations,
- Sichuan Basin,
- unconventional petroleum sedimentology

FullText(HTML)

References(72)

References

Bao, F., Yu, L. J., Rui, X. Q., et al., 2021. Microstructure and Electron Microscope-Raman Study on Pore Heterogeneity of Organic Matter in Shale. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 43(5): 871-879 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Bernard, S., Horsfield, B., Schulz, H. M., et al., 2012. Geochemical Evolution of Organic-Rich Shales with Increasing Maturity: A STXM and TEM Study of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian, Northern Germany). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 31(1): 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.05.010

Cai, J. G., Zeng, X., Wei, H. L., et al., 2019. From Water Body to Sediments: Exploring the Depositional Processes of Organic Matter and Their Implications. Journal of Palaeogeography, 21(1): 49-66 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Cai, L. X., Yang, T., Tian, J. C., et al., 2023. Advances in Studies of Development and Growth Mechanisms of Clay Minerals in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 41(6): 1859-1889 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Chen, Z. Y., Liu, R., Tan, X. C., et al., 2023. Implications of Multi-Source Quartz on Shale-Gas Enrichment in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale of Changning Area in Southern Margin of Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Palaeogeography, 25(4): 920-930 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Cheng, L. X., Wang, Y. J., Chen, H. D., et al., 2013. Sedimentary and Burial Environment of Black Shales of Sinian to Early Palaeozoic in Upper Yangtze Region. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(8): 2906-2912 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Gao, Z. Z., He, Y. B., Liu, C. X., et al., 2006. History, Status and Prospect of Study on Deep-Water Traction Current Deposits. Journal of Palaeogeography, 8(3): 331-338 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Huang, Y. G., 2018. Ecological Modeling of Marine and Terrestrial Paleocommunities in South China and Xinjiang during Permian and Triassic and Marine Redox Variations (Dissertation). China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 69-73 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Kong, W. L., Qiu, Z., Zhang, J. Q., et al., 2025. Volcanic Activity and Extraordinarily High Organic Matter Deposition across Ordovician-Silurian Transition: A Case Study from South China. Earth Science, 50(12): 4583-4603 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Li, C., Cheng, M., Algeo, T. J., et al., 2015. A Theoretical Prediction of Chemical Zonation in Early Oceans (> 520 Ma). Scientia Sinica Terrae, 45(12): 1829-1838 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1360/zd2015-45-12-1829

Liu, B., 2023. Organic Matter in Shale: Types, Thermal Evolution and Organic Porosity. Earth Science, 48(12): 4641-4657 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Liu, C. L., Zhang, J. Y., Hu, Z. Q., et al., 2026. A Review of Coupling Modes between Shale Gas Geological and Engineering Sweet Spots in Wordwide Typical Sedimentary Basins. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 1-16 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.3474.P.20260604.1311.002

Liu, S. G., Deng, B., Sun, W., et al., 2018. Sichuan Basin: A Superimposed Basin Formed under the Control of Peripheral Activities. Chinese Journal of Geology, 53(1): 308-326 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Loucks, R. G., Reed, R. M., 2014. Scanning-Electron-Microscope Petrographic Evidence for Distinguishing Organic-Matter Pores Associated with Depositional Organic Matter versus Migrated Organic Matter in Mudrocks. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Journal, 3: 51-60. http://www.gcags.org/Journal/2014.GCAGS.Journal/GCAGS.Journal.2014.vol3.p51-60

Loucks, R. G., Reed, R. M., Ruppel, S. C., et al., 2012. Spectrum of Pore Types and Networks in Mudrocks and a Descriptive Classification for Matrix-Related Mudrock Pores. AAPG Bulletin, 96(6): 1071-1098. https://doi.org/10.1306/08171111061

Lu, B., Qiu, Z., Zhou, C. M., et al., 2021. Progress and Prospects in the Physical Simulation of Mudstone Deposition. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 39(4): 781-793 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Lu, L. F., Liu, W. X., Wei, Z. H., et al., 2022. Diagenesis of the Silurian Shale, Sichuan Basin: Focus on Pore Development and Preservation. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 40(1): 73-87 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Qiu, Z., Wei, H. Y., Liu, H. L., et al., 2021. Accumulation of Sediments with Extraordinary High Organic Matter Content: Insight Gained through Geochemical Characterization of Indicative Elements. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(4): 931-948 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Shanmugam, G., 2013. New Perspectives on Deep-Water Sandstones: Implications. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 40(3): 294-301 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Shi, Z. S., Zhou, T. Q., 2024. Advances and Perspectives in the Study of the Genetic Mechanism and Organic Matter Enrichment Models of Marine Fine-Grained Sediment. Oil & Gas Geology, 45(4): 910-928 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Shi, Z. S., Zhang, Y. X., Zeng, F. H., et al., 2025. Main Sedimentary Structure Types of Marine Fine-Grained Terrigenous Clastic Rocks and Their Significance for Shale Gas. Journal of Palaeogeography, 27(1): 32-54 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wang, D. S., Zhang, J. C., Li, Z., et al., 2022. Formation Mechanism of Framboidal Pyrite and Its Theory Inversion of Paleo-Redox Conditions. Geology in China, 49(1): 36-50 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wang, S. F., Zou, C. N., Dong, D. Z., et al., 2014. Biogenic Silica of Organic-Rich Shale in Sichuan Basin and Its Significance for Shale Gas. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 50(3): 476-486 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wang, X. P., Mou, C. L., Wang, Q. Y., et al., 2015. Diagenesis of Black Shale in Longmaxi Formation, Southern Sichuan Basin and Its Periphery. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 36(9): 1035-1047 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wang, Y. M., Wang, H. Y., Shen, J. J., et al., 2020. New Discovery and Geological Significance of Thick-Bedded Porphyrite in the Upper Member of Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian in Northern Sichuan-Western Hubei Area. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(11): 1309-1323 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Wilkin, R. T., Barnes, H. L., Brantley, S. L., 1996. The Size Distribution of Framboidal Pyrite in Modern Sediments: An Indicator of Redox Conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(20): 3897-3912. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00209-8

Xi, B. B., Pan, A. Y., Bao, F., et al., 2023. In-Situ Thermal Simulation Experiment of Single Organic Matter Pore Evolution in Shale. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 45(5): 1016-1025 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Xiao, K. X., Hu, X. M., Jiang, J. X., et al., 2024. Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD) Is a Potential Key to Decipher the Cenozoic Surface Carbon Cycle. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 54(6): 1769-1785 (in Chinese).

Yang, R., He, Z. L., Dong, T., et al., 2025. What Are the Key Factors Controlling the Occurrence and Enrichment of Deep Marine Shale Gas in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Region? Earth Science, 50(12): 5012-5019 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhang, G. R., Nie, H. K., Tang, X., et al., 2020. Pyrite Type and Its Effect on Shale Gas Accumulation: A Case Study of Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale in Sichuan Basin and Its Periphery. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 42(3): 459-466 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhao, J. H., Jin, Z. J., 2021. Mudstone Diagenesis: Research Advances and Prospects. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 39(1): 58-72 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhao, J. H., Liu, K. Y., Zhao, S. H., et al., 2025. Response of Organic Matter Pore Development to Functional Groups in Overmature Marine Shale: Insights from AFM-IR Spectroscopy. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 52(2): 395-407 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Guo, W., Li, X. Z., et al., 2022a. Mutual Relation between Organic Matter Types and Pores with Petrological Evidence of Radiolarian Siliceous Shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 46(5): 12-22 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Li, X. Z., Guo, W., et al., 2022b. Characteristics, Formation Mechanism and Influence on Physical Properties of Carbonate Minerals in Shale Reservoir of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 33(5): 775-788 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Guo, W., Li, X. Z., et al., 2024. Deciphering Nano-Resolution Petrological Characteristics of the Siliceous Shale at the Bottom of the Longmaxi Formation in the Zigong Area, Sichuan Basin, China: Deep-Water Microbialites. Minerals, 14(10): 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14101020

Zhou, X. F., Guo, W., Li, X. Z., et al., 2025. Formation Process of the Guanyinqiao Bed of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation in Sichuan Basin and Its Adjacent Area through Petrological Evidence. Journal of Palaeogeography, 27(6): 1452-1465 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Guo, W., Li, X. Z., et al., 2026a. Nanoscale Petrological Characterization Elucidating Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Formation during the Thermal Evolution of Organic Matters in Shale: Taking the Shale Gas Sweet Spot Section in the Longmaxi Formation of the Huang 202 Block in Yuxi Gas Field of the Sichuan Basin as an Example. Natural Gas Geoscience, 37(6): 1176-1194 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Guo, W., Li, X. Z., et al., 2026b. Deciphering Nano-Resolution Petrological Characterization of Radiolarian Siliceous Shale in Wufeng Formation, Sichuan Basin, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 100(3): 1030-1049 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Zhou, X. F., Zhao, J., Yan, B. N., et al., 2025. Deep-Water Traction Current Sedimentation in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Siliceous Shales, Weiyuan Area, Sichuan Basin, China, Using Nano-Resolution Petrological Evidence. Minerals, 15(7): 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15070723

鲍芳, 俞凌杰, 芮晓庆, 等, 2021. 页岩中有机质孔隙非均质性的微观结构及电镜‒拉曼联用研究. 石油实验地质, 43(5): 871-879.

蔡进功, 曾翔, 韦海伦, 等, 2019. 从水体到沉积物: 探寻有机质的沉积过程及其意义. 古地理学报, 21(1): 49-66.

蔡来星, 杨田, 田景春, 等, 2023. 致密砂岩储层中黏土矿物发育特征及其生长机理研究进展. 沉积学报, 41(6): 1859-1889.

陈增裕, 刘睿, 谭秀成, 等, 2023. 四川盆地南缘长宁地区五峰组‒龙马溪组页岩内多源石英对页岩气富集的意义. 古地理学报, 25(4): 920-930.

程立雪, 王元君, 陈洪德, 等, 2013. 上扬子地区震旦系‒早古生界黑色页岩的沉积和埋藏环境. 岩石学报, 29(8): 2906-2912.

高振中, 何幼斌, 刘成鑫, 等, 2006. 深水牵引流沉积的研究历程、现状与前景. 古地理学报, 8(3): 331-338.

黄元耕, 2018. 华南及新疆地区二叠纪至三叠纪海洋、陆地古群落模拟及海洋氧化还原环境变化研究(博士学位论文). 武汉: 中国地质大学, 69-73.

孔维亮, 邱振, 张家强, 等, 2025. 奥陶纪‒志留纪转折期火山活动与异常高有机质沉积: 以中国华南地区为例. 地球科学, 50(12): 4583-4603. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.125

李超, 程猛, Algeo, T. J., 等, 2015. 早期地球海洋水化学分带的理论预测. 中国科学: 地球科学, 45(12): 1829-1838.

刘贝, 2023. 泥页岩中有机质: 类型、热演化与有机孔隙. 地球科学, 48(12): 4641-4657. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.130

刘成林, 张婧瑶, 胡宗全, 等, 2026. 全球典型沉积盆地页岩气地质‒工程甜点耦合模式综述. 地球学报, 1-16. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.3474.P.20260604.1311.002

刘树根, 邓宾, 孙玮, 等, 2018. 四川盆地: 周缘活动主控下形成的叠合盆地. 地质科学, 53(1): 308-326.

卢斌, 邱振, 周川闽, 等, 2021. 泥页岩沉积物理模拟研究进展与发展趋势. 沉积学报, 39(4): 781-793.

卢龙飞, 刘伟新, 魏志红, 等, 2022. 四川盆地志留系页岩成岩特征及其对孔隙发育与保存的控制. 沉积学报, 40(1): 73-87.

邱振, 韦恒叶, 刘翰林, 等, 2021. 异常高有机质沉积富集过程与元素地球化学特征. 石油与天然气地质, 42(4): 931-948.

Shanmugam, G., 2013. 深水砂体成因研究新进展. 石油勘探与开发, 40(3): 294-301.

施振生, 周天琪, 2024. 海相细粒沉积成因机制与有机质富集模式研究进展. 石油与天然气地质, 45(4): 910-928.

施振生, 张亚雄, 曾番惠, 等, 2025. 海相细粒陆源碎屑岩主要沉积构造类型及页岩气意义. 古地理学报, 27(1): 32-54.

王东升, 张金川, 李振, 等, 2022. 草莓状黄铁矿的形成机制探讨及其对古氧化‒还原环境的反演. 中国地质, 49(1): 36-50.

王淑芳, 邹才能, 董大忠, 等, 2014. 四川盆地富有机质页岩硅质生物成因及对页岩气开发的意义. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 50(3): 476-486.

王秀平, 牟传龙, 王启宇, 等, 2015. 川南及邻区龙马溪组黑色岩系成岩作用. 石油学报, 36(9): 1035-1047.

王玉满, 王红岩, 沈均均, 等, 2020. 川北‒鄂西地区下志留统龙马溪组上段厚层斑脱岩的新发现及地质意义. 石油学报, 41(11): 1309-1323.

席斌斌, 潘安阳, 鲍芳, 等, 2023. 页岩中单体有机质孔隙演化的原位热模拟实验. 石油实验地质, 45(5): 1016-1025.

肖开迅, 胡修棉, 蒋璟鑫, 等, 2024. 碳酸盐补偿深度(CCD)是解密新生代表层碳循环的潜在钥匙. 中国科学: 地球科学, 54(6): 1769-1785.

杨锐, 何治亮, 董田, 等, 2025. 中上扬子海相深层页岩气赋存和富集的关键因素是什么?地球科学, 50(12): 5012-5019. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.278

张光荣, 聂海宽, 唐玄, 等, 2020. 页岩中黄铁矿类型及其对页岩气富集的影响: 以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组‒龙马溪组页岩为例. 石油实验地质, 42(3): 459-466.

赵建华, 金之钧, 2021. 泥岩成岩作用研究进展与展望. 沉积学报, 39(1): 58-72.

赵建华, 刘可禹, 赵生辉, 等, 2025. 海相过成熟页岩有机质孔隙与分子官能团的响应关系: 来自基于原子力显微镜红外光谱的证据. 石油勘探与开发, 52(2): 395-407.

周晓峰, 郭伟, 李熙喆, 等, 2022a. 四川盆地五峰组‒龙马溪组有机质类型与有机孔配置的放射虫硅质页岩岩石学证据. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 46(5): 12-22.

周晓峰, 李熙喆, 郭伟, 等, 2022b. 四川盆地五峰组‒龙马溪组页岩储层中碳酸盐矿物特征、形成机制及对储层物性影响. 天然气地球科学, 33(5): 775-788.

周晓峰, 郭伟, 李熙喆, 等, 2025. 岩石学证据约束四川盆地及邻区上奥陶统五峰组观音桥层形成过程. 古地理学报, 27(6): 1452-1465.

周晓峰, 郭伟, 李熙喆, 等, 2026a. 纳米岩石证据约束页岩有机质热演化生烃成孔过程——以四川盆地渝西气田黄202区块龙马溪组页岩气甜点段为例. 天然气地球科学, 37(6): 1176-1194.

周晓峰, 郭伟, 李熙喆, 等, 2026b. 四川盆地五峰组放射虫硅质页岩纳米岩石特征解析. 地质学报, 100(3): 1030-1049.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(16) / Tables(2)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (143) PDF downloads(29)

Sedimentation of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation Shale in Sichuan Basin

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.226

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

Export File

Citation

Format

Content