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| Citation: | Chen Ruichen, Chen Jian, Tan Huarong, Ma Sheng, Ge Runze, Ma Hongyao, 2026. Post-Earthquake Vegetation Greenness Dynamics in Landslide-Affected Areas on the Eastern Slope of Mount Gongga Following the 2022 Luding Earthquake. Earth Science, 51(9): 3391-3404. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.850
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Strong earthquake-induced landslides often cause extensive vegetation removal, soil disturbance, and habitat fragmentation, making their ecological impacts and natural recovery important considerations in post-earthquake ecological restoration and hazard-impact assessment. The 2022 Luding earthquake triggered numerous landslides in the alpine gorge region of Mount Gongga. To investigate vegetation-greenness damage and early recovery of earthquake-induced landslides in a densely vegetated mountain environment, this study used Sentinel-2 imagery from 2019 to 2026 and landslide-unit boundaries to analyze the pre-earthquake vegetation-greenness baseline, post-earthquake damage, recovery process, and associated factors on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Mean NDVI across landslide units decreased from 0.785 before the earthquake in 2022 to 0.488 in 2023, representing a decline of 37.9%, with marked differences in damage among individual landslide units. Vegetation greenness subsequently showed rapid but nonlinear recovery. In 2024, 82.7% of landslide units exhibited increasing NDVI; recovery weakened in 2025 under the influence of regional phenological variability, followed by widespread greening again in 2026. By July 2026, the mean recovery ratio had reached 0.832. Based on the pre-earthquake baseline, post-earthquake anomalies, recovery continuity, and endpoint status, vegetation-greenness trajectories were classified into three types: recovery, fluctuating, and persistently low-greenness. The recovery type was dominant, accounting for 79.8% of landslide units, whereas 16.5% remained persistently low in greenness. Pre-earthquake NDVI and landslide surface area showed the clearest associations with vegetation-greenness damage and recovery, while the length-to-width ratio showed weaker associations, and mean slope and aspect showed no consistent relationships. Overall, earthquake-induced landslides on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga exhibited rapid but nonlinear early greening, with pronounced differences in recovery trajectories among individual landslide units, and some landslides still showing greenness deficits by the fourth observable post-earthquake growing season. This study reveals, at the landslide-unit scale, the transition of vegetation greenness from post-earthquake damage to differentiated recovery, providing a basis for identifying persistently low-greenness landslides and prioritizing areas for post-earthquake ecological restoration.
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