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    Volume 51 Issue 2
    Feb.  2026
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    Article Navigation >  Earth Science  > 2026  >  51(2): 722-743
    Bai Jiawei, Fan Jianjun, Hou Xinyu, Zhang Bochuan, Sun Silin, Wang Yang, Lv Junpu, 2026. Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution and Cu-Au Metallogenesis in Northern Tibet. Earth Science, 51(2): 722-743. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.282
    Citation: Bai Jiawei, Fan Jianjun, Hou Xinyu, Zhang Bochuan, Sun Silin, Wang Yang, Lv Junpu, 2026. Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution and Cu-Au Metallogenesis in Northern Tibet. Earth Science, 51(2): 722-743. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.282
    shu

    Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution and Cu-Au Metallogenesis in Northern Tibet

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.282

    • College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China

    • Received Date: 2025-05-13
    • Publish Date: 2026-02-25
      Abstract
    • The Cretaceous tectonic evolution of northern Tibet remains highly controversial, significantly constraining our understanding of plateau uplift and the metallogenic background of world-class Cu-Au resources in this region. To reconstruct the Cretaceous evolution of northern Tibet, we conducted an integrated study on magmatic rocks from Jipusandui, Songxi, and Rutog in western Northern Tibet. Results indicate that the Jipusandui(~120 Ma) and Songxi(~110 Ma) intrusions are Ⅰ-type high-K calc-alkaline granites that underwent complex processes of melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization, representing products of Meso-Tethys Ocean subduction. The Rutog magmatic rocks(~90 Ma) is characterized by a bimodal volcanic association composed of Nb-enriched gabbro and A-type granite, reflecting post-orogenic extensional tectonics. From 120~110 Ma to ~90 Ma, western Northern Tibet experienced an ocean-continent transition from subduction to collision. Inversion of crustal thickness and crustal contributions based on crust-derived magmas reveals that the crust of western Northern Tibet maintained a normal thickness (~30 km) during 160~100 Ma, but significantly thickened after ~100 Ma, reaching ~60 km by ~90 Ma-exceeding the present-day Iranian Plateau. The peak contribution of crustal materials at ~110 Ma suggests the onset of initial collision. Synthesizing results with regional Late Cretaceous molasse and mélange records, we propose that the Meso-Tethys Ocean underwent a diachronous ocean-continent transition from east to west during the Cretaceous, with the transition in western Northern Tibet occurring between 110 and 96 Ma. Following the closure of the Meso-Tethys Ocean, the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision resulted in pronounced crustal thickening and surface uplift, with an uplift magnitude at least comparable to that of the modern Iranian Plateau. This diachronous ocean–continent transition and subsequent orogenesis elevated the oxygen fugacityof magmatic systems, thereby creating favorable conditions for the enrichment and metallogenesis of giant Cu-Au resources in northern Tibet. From the perspective of magmatic records, this study reconstructs the Cretaceousocean-continent transition and orogenic processes in northern Tibet, providing a representative case study for understanding the orogenesis and metallogenesis in collisional orogens.

       

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