Early Paleozoic Subduction in Cathaysia (Ⅱ): New Evidence from the Dashuang High Magnesian-Magnesian Andesite
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摘要: 早古生代加里东期造山运动(广西运动)的性质是华南大地构造演化长期争议的重大地质问题.桂东南岑溪大爽一带出露一套早古生代玄武安山岩-安山岩火山岩系.玄武安山岩-安山岩SiO2含量为47.8%~58.8%，Al2O3含量为13.35%~14.25%，CaO含量为3.79%~5.61%，TiO2含量为0.46%~0.56%，而MgO(4.39%~9.96%)、Ni(141×10-6~210×10-6)和Cr(427×10-6~750×10-6)的含量明显偏高，属钙碱性到过渡系列的高镁-镁质玄武安山岩-安山岩.轻稀土富集，轻重稀土分异明显, δEu弱负异常(0.73~0.92)，(La/Yb)N为3.4~7.9，(La/Sm)N为3.15~4.95.大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb明显富集，高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti相对亏损，具较低Ti/V(14.7~21.8)，表现为高镁-镁质玄武安山岩-安山岩(赞岐岩)的典型特征.镁质安山岩由LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法获得的成岩年龄为443±4 Ma，表明这套火山岩系形成于晚奥陶世-早志留世.上述研究表明，大爽玄武安山岩-安山岩系为晚奥陶世-早志留世形成于洋壳俯冲岛弧弧前环境的高镁-镁质玄武安山岩-安山岩系，其发现为华南扬子与华夏之间存在早古生代洋壳俯冲作用提供了重要证据.Abstract: The nature of early Paleozoic Caledonian orogeny (Guangxi movement), as one of the key geolocial problems of tectonic evolution in South China, has been controversial for a long time. In this study we report a suite of early Paleozoic basaltic andesite-andesite volcanic rocks located at the Dashuang in the Cenxi area of southeastern Guangxi in South China. Petrogeochemical data of the basaltic andesite-andesite show the contents of SiO2=47.8%-58.8%, Al2O3=13.35%-14.25%, CaO=3.79%-5.61% and TiO2=0.46%-0.56%. It also shows high contents of MgO=4.39%-9.96%, Ni=141×10-6-210×10-6 and Cr=427×10-6-750×10-6, indicating that they belong to high magnesian (HM)-magnesian (M) basaltic andesite-andesite from calc-alkaline to transitional series. The volcanic rocks exhibit enriched-LREE, weak negative δEu abnormally (0.73-0.92), (La/Yb)N=3.4-7.9, (La/Sm)N=3.15-4.95. Basaltic andesite-andesite is characterized by pronounced enrichment of LILEs (e.g. Rb, Ba, Th, U, K, Pb), relative depletion of HFSEs (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti), and low Ti/V=14.7-21.8. All these show typical characteristics of high magnesian (HM)-magnesian (M) basaltic andesite-andesite (sanukite). The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the magnesian andesite is 443±4 Ma, showing that the formation ages of the volcanic rock series should be between the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian epoch. In conclusion, we suggest that the Dashuang volcanic rocks are the suite of high magnesian (HM)-magnesian (M) basaltic andesite-andesite series formed in the forearc tectonic environment in Late Ordovician-Early Silurian epoch, which provides key evidence for Early Paleozoic oceanic crust subduction between Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia block along Qinzhou-Hangzhou tectonic suture belt in South China.
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图 1 华夏地区晚奥陶世-志留纪大地构造简图
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch of Cathayia region from Late Ordovician to Silurian
图 2 华南大地构造格架(a)、大爽地区地质简图(b)和火山岩地层剖面(c)
据广西壮族自治区区域地质调查队(1982).1:5万糯垌圩幅地质图
Fig. 2. Tectonic framework of South China (a), geological sketch (b) and stratigraphic section (c) of the Dashuang area
图 3 玄武安山岩-安山岩野外宏观和显微照片
a.含杏仁玄武安山岩野外特征; b.风化角砾状安山岩野外特征; c.玄武安山岩中橄榄石斑晶，基质为间隐结构、玻晶交织结构(正交镜); d.玄武安山岩中角闪石斑晶边缘铁质析出，基质为交织结构(正交镜); e.细粒安山岩斑状结构，基质为交织结构，后期方解石微细脉穿插(正交镜); f.细粒安山岩中棱角状、半自形长石、石英斑晶，基质为交织结构(正交镜); Pl.斜长石; Q.石英; Ol.橄榄石; Mag.磁铁矿; Cal.方解石
Fig. 3. Field and microstructural photomicrographs of the basaltic andesite-andesite
图 4 玄武安山岩-安山岩岩石化学分类判别
a.Nb/Y-Zr/Ti岩石化学分类(Floyd and Winchester, 1975; Pearce, 1996); b.Y-Zr岩石系列判别图(Ross and Bédard, 2009); c.高镁和镁质安山岩SiO2-MgO判别图(邓晋福等, 2010); d.高镁和镁质安山岩TFeO/MgO-SiO2判别图(邓晋福等, 2010).图c中PQ为HMA(高镁安山岩)和MA(镁质安山岩)分界线, RS为MA和非MA分界线; 图d中直线为CA(钙碱性系列)与Th(拉斑系列)分界线, 虚线为低Fe钙碱性与中Fe钙碱性系列分界线, LF-CA为低Fe钙碱性系列
Fig. 4. Geochemical classification and discriminant diagrams of the basaltic andesite-andesite
图 5 玄武安山岩-安山岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式(a)和微量元素N-MORB标准化蛛网图(b)
图a, b标准化数值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram (a) and N-MORB-normalized trace elements spider-diagram (b) of the basaltic andesite-andesite
图 6 安山岩代表性锆石CL图像(a)，锆石年龄直方分布(b)和锆石U-Pb不一致曲线谐和年龄(c)
Fig. 6. Representative CL images (a), the histogram of the zircons age (b) and the U-Pb concordia diagram (c) of the zircons for andesite
图 7 玄武安山岩-安山岩赞岐岩、埃达克岩、玻安岩和巴哈岩分类判别
a.TiO2-MgO/(MgO+FeO*)判别图解；b.Sr/Y-Y判别图解；c.(La/Yb)N-YbN判别图解；d.N-MORB标准化的微量元素分布；据Kamei et al.(2004)，张旗等(2004).图d标准化数值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 7. Sanukitic, adakitic, boninite and bajaitic discriminant diagrams of the basaltic andesite-andesite
图 8 玄武安山岩V-Ti(a)和La/Nb-Y(b)构造环境判别
N-MORB.正常洋脊玄武岩.E-MORB.富集洋脊玄武岩; T-MORB.过渡型洋脊玄武岩; FAB.弧前玄武岩；BABB.弧后盆地玄武岩；CFB.大陆溢流玄武岩；OFB.大洋溢流玄武岩；IAB.岛弧玄武岩; IAT.岛弧拉斑玄武岩; ICA.岛弧钙碱性玄武岩; WPB.板内玄武岩; OIB.洋岛玄武岩; AB.弧玄武岩; FAB.弧前玄武岩；图a据Shervais(1982)；图b据Floyd et al.(1991)
Fig. 8. Tectonic discriminant diagrams of V-Ti (a) and La/Nb-Y for the basaltic andesite (b)
表 1 玄武安山岩-安山岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)组成
Table 1. Major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) composition of the basaltic andesite-andesite
岩性 玄武安山岩 安山岩 样号 12DS01 14DS9-1 14DS9-2 12DS03 14DS10-1 14DS10-2 15DS10-3 15DS10-4 SiO2 49.28 47.60 47.80 52.74 57.40 57.50 55.70 58.81 TiO2 0.56 0.51 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.52 0.48 0.46 Al2O3 13.99 14.20 14.25 13.82 13.75 13.35 13.70 13.83 Fe2O3 10.06 9.62 9.70 4.89 4.42 4.31 4.27 5.01 FeO 2.10 2.20 2.18 4.15 3.10 2.74 3.31 2.58 MnO 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.10 MgO 9.65 9.95 9.96 7.38 5.88 5.35 5.16 4.39 CaO 4.23 4.62 4.64 5.61 3.79 4.53 4.90 4.06 Na2O 5.49 5.16 5.18 4.15 3.47 3.40 3.64 3.37 K2O 0.19 0.20 0.21 2.18 2.96 2.72 2.31 2.86 P2O5 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.12 LOI 3.88 4.65 4.73 3.63 3.74 4.51 5.42 3.84 Total 99.63 98.91 99.36 99.31 99.20 99.15 99.10 99.43 Mg# 61.00 62.00 62.00 61.00 60.00 59.00 56.00 53.00 Ba 70.50 93.00 90.90 420.00 656.00 710.00 730.00 486.00 Rb 4.30 5.50 5.70 77.30 124.00 116.00 149.00 111.00 Th 8.74 7.70 7.54 10.70 11.80 13.60 11.10 12.00 Pb 41.30 40.00 45.00 11.60 10.00 10.00 11.00 10.00 Nb 3.54 3.40 3.30 4.58 6.00 6.60 4.80 5.40 Sr 121.00 173.00 170.00 103.00 138.00 150.00 89.70 113.00 Zr 67.40 65.00 65.00 85.30 176.00 183.00 95.00 118.00 Y 15.30 14.80 14.90 17.30 16.90 17.70 15.30 13.80 Cr 750.00 557.00 536.00 659.00 427.00 427.00 481.00 430.00 V 205.00 208.00 203.00 204.00 159.00 148.00 132.00 127.00 Ni 248.00 201.00 204.00 194.00 162.00 141.00 198.00 154.00 Co 57.70 62.00 61.00 43.20 55.00 42.00 55.00 44.00 Cs 1.15 1.21 1.12 3.64 6.98 6.21 7.74 5.84 Ta 0.29 0.20 0.30 0.38 0.50 0.60 0.50 0.40 Hf 2.02 2.00 1.90 2.42 4.70 5.10 2.90 3.40 U 1.44 1.31 1.28 1.93 1.95 1.91 1.49 1.91 La 9.29 9.20 8.60 14.00 20.00 21.20 16.70 20.00 Ce 18.50 19.00 17.80 27.40 39.90 42.60 32.60 30.00 Pr 2.12 2.22 2.16 3.07 4.27 4.62 3.73 3.33 Nd 8.41 8.10 7.70 11.70 14.30 15.40 12.50 12.60 Sm 1.85 1.78 1.76 2.40 2.61 2.79 2.55 2.33 Eu 0.56 0.61 0.58 0.64 0.71 0.75 0.62 0.59 Gd 1.91 2.07 2.11 2.48 2.51 2.81 2.57 2.07 Tb 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.43 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.36 Dy 2.47 2.38 2.31 2.90 2.80 2.96 2.83 2.39 Ho 0.54 0.50 0.52 0.57 0.61 0.62 0.55 0.51 Er 1.73 1.51 1.55 1.79 1.73 1.99 1.65 1.53 Tm 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.25 0.23 Yb 1.94 1.45 1.52 1.84 1.85 1.92 1.54 1.75 Lu 0.30 0.24 0.22 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.23 0.27 
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表 2 镁质安山岩LA-ICP-UP锆石U-Pb测试结果
Table 2. Analyses results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for the magnesian andesite
测点 Th
(10-6)U
(10-6)Th/U 同位素比值(±1σ) 年龄Ma(±1σ) 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 1 47.50 164 0.29 0.056 8±0.002 3 0.762 5±0.031 0 0.097 2±0.001 0 483±93 575±18 598±6 2 179.00 593 0.30 0.057 0±0.001 4 0.601 7±0.015 3 0.076 3±0.000 9 500±54 478±10 474±5 3 381.00 906 0.42 0.056 4±0.001 4 0.542 7±0.013 6 0.069 3±0.000 5 478±56 440±9 432±3 4 132.00 456 0.29 0.073 5±0.001 6 1.821 9±0.040 7 0.178 4±0.001 3 1 028±44 1 053±15 1 058±7 5 90.20 263 0.34 0.059 8±0.002 0 0.844 7±0.028 5 0.102 3±0.001 0 598±105 622±16 628±6 6 810.00 1 225 0.66 0.054 4±0.001 4 0.537 3±0.013 9 0.071 2±0.000 6 387±57 437±9 443±4 7 52.00 103 0.51 0.063 0±0.003 0 0.861 2±0.039 8 0.099 7±0.001 1 709±102 631±22 612±7 8 192.00 179 1.07 0.053 9±0.002 5 0.636 3±0.029 4 0.086 0±0.001 0 369±110 500±18 532±6 9 58.30 147 0.40 0.065 5±0.002 7 0.935 9±0.038 8 0.103 4±0.001 1 791±88 671±20 634±6 10 250.00 332 0.75 0.057 6±0.001 9 0.687 5±0.023 4 0.086 1±0.000 9 517±74 531±14 532±5 11 177.00 486 0.36 0.125 3±0.002 2 6.612 3±0.115 8 0.379 5±0.002 7 2 032±30 2 061±15 2 074±13 12 45.30 142 0.32 0.164 4±0.003 4 11.121 5±0.230 5 0.486 5±0.004 4 2 502±35 2 533±19 2 555±19 13 285.00 338 0.84 0.110 3±0.002 4 4.726 0±0.099 6 0.307 7±0.002 6 1 806±39 1 772±18 1 729±13 14 133.00 357 0.37 0.057 8±0.002 0 0.823 4±0.027 1 0.103 1±0.001 1 524±71 610±15 632±7 15 290.00 623 0.47 0.054 7±0.001 5 0.542 9±0.014 5 0.071 5±0.000 7 398±58 440±10 445±4 16 450.00 1 203 0.37 0.054 9±0.001 2 0.547 5±0.012 3 0.071 7±0.000 7 409±47 443±8 447±4 17 137.00 454 0.30 0.072 1±0.001 5 1.724 7±0.036 2 0.171 7±0.001 2 991±43 1018±14 1021±6 18 185.00 460 0.40 0.054 3±0.001 8 0.545 3±0.018 2 0.072 1±0.000 7 383±74 442±12 449±4 19 254.00 649 0.39 0.055 4±0.001 7 0.556 6±0.016 6 0.072 0±0.000 6 428±67 449±11 448±4 20 314.00 341 0.92 0.057 2±0.001 9 0.648 1±0.021 7 0.081 7±0.000 8 498±76 507±13 506±5 21 7.17 294 0.02 0.071 4±0.002 0 1.681 3±0.047 0 0.169 9±0.001 9 969±56 1001±18 1012±11 22 352.00 672 0.52 0.054 5±0.001 6 0.535 5±0.015 3 0.070 9±0.000 7 391±65 435±10 441±4 23 112.00 390 0.29 0.117 1±0.002 4 3.838 6±0.086 9 0.235 7±0.002 8 1 922±36 1 601±18 1 364±15 24 339.00 618 0.55 0.069 9±0.001 6 1.496 7±0.034 0 0.154 2±0.001 3 924±45 929±14 924±7 25 265.00 426 0.62 0.057 8±0.001 8 0.559 2±0.017 4 0.069 8±0.000 6 524±69 451±11 435±4 26 418.00 565 0.74 0.079 4±0.001 2 2.022 1±0.035 8 0.183 3±0.002 1 1 183±30 1 123±12 1 085±12 27 232.00 451 0.51 0.057 9±0.001 2 0.580 9±0.013 6 0.072 1±0.001 0 528±44 465±9 449±6 28 142.00 121 1.17 0.125 0±0.002 2 6.552 2±0.127 7 0.377 4±0.004 7 2 029±30 2 053±17 2 064±22 29 415.00 1 233 0.34 0.056 2±0.000 9 0.553 2±0.009 6 0.071 0±0.000 7 457±37 447±6 442±4 30 7.97 390 0.02 0.079 2±0.001 4 2.263 0±0.044 3 0.205 9±0.002 5 1 177±35 1 201±14 1 207±13 31 159.00 268 0.59 0.061 2±0.001 8 0.575 8±0.017 6 0.067 6±0.000 8 656±63 462±11 422±5 32 316.00 574 0.55 0.102 9±0.001 5 3.809 9±0.058 1 0.266 9±0.002 5 1 676±26 1 595±12 1 525±13 33 360.00 701 0.51 0.068 8±0.001 0 1.191 7±0.020 6 0.124 8±0.001 4 892±31 797±10 758±8 34 616.00 760 0.81 0.069 1±0.001 0 1.396 8±0.022 2 0.145 5±0.001 3 902±30 888±9 876±7 35 180.00 463 0.39 0.057 3±0.001 3 0.569 8±0.013 2 0.072 0±0.000 9 502±48 458±9 448±6 36 189.00 558 0.34 0.057 7±0.001 3 0.561 9±0.012 4 0.070 3±0.000 7 520±46 453±8 438±4 37 138.00 290 0.48 0.108 9±0.001 9 4.055 7±0.103 4 0.266 5±0.005 1 1 783±31 1 645±21 1 523±26 38 77.80 639 0.12 0.071 9±0.001 1 1.715 7±0.029 9 0.172 1±0.001 9 983±31 1 014±11 1 024±10 39 80.70 245 0.33 0.075 6±0.001 3 1.839 8±0.036 6 0.175 4±0.001 8 1 083±36 1 060±13 1 042±10 40 297.00 690 0.43 0.056 7±0.001 1 0.575 9±0.014 7 0.073 3±0.001 2 480±44 462±9 456±7
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