川西甲基卡308号伟晶岩脉年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

代鸿章; 王登红; 刘丽君; 于扬; 代晶晶; 付小方

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.528

川西甲基卡308号伟晶岩脉年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.528

1.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.
四川省地质调查院, 四川成都 610081

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划专项 2017YFC0602701

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160346

国家重点研发计划专项 2017YFC0602700

中国博士后科学基金项目 2017M610960

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160056

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160055

详细信息

作者简介:
代鸿章(1985-), 男, 博士后, 主要从事矿物学、矿床学研究

通讯作者:
王登红

中图分类号: P618.71
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2018-10-20

Geochronology, Geochemistry and Their Geological Significances of No.308 Pegmatite Vein in the Jiajika Deposit, Western Sichuan, China

1.
Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment of Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Geological Survey Institute of Sichuan Province, Chendu 610081, China

摘要

摘要: 甲基卡稀有金属矿床是我国目前规模最大的伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床，308号伟晶岩脉为其中出露面积最大的伟晶岩脉，由于勘查及研究程度较低，其形成时代及成矿机制尚不明确.通过LA-MC-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb测年，首次获得产于308号伟晶岩脉中间带含锂辉石伟晶岩的年龄为210.9±4.6 Ma，表明其形成于印支晚期，为印支旋回强烈造山运动之后相对稳定阶段的产物.元素地球化学特征表明，308号伟晶岩脉中边缘带无矿细晶岩与矿床内二云母花岗岩具有相似的过铝质S型花岗岩特征，二者具有同源性，并认为其成矿机制为：花岗质岩浆在中浅成、偏还原的环境上升侵位，由细晶岩至伟晶岩演化过程中，相对分异程度升高，熔体相和富挥发分的流体相之间发生强烈碱交代作用，并在一定的结构分带中发生大规模稀有金属矿化.
- 锡石U-Pb定年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 岩石成因 /
- 锂多金属伟晶岩 /
- 甲基卡
Abstract: No. 308 pegmatite vein has the maximal exposed area in the Jiajika rare metal deposit, which is the largest pegmatite type deposit in China. Because of the low degree of exploration and research, its metallogenic epoch and metallogenic mechanism remain unclear. Detailed geochronology and lithogeochemistry of the granitoids and pegmatites were carried out to explore the petrogenesis and tectonic setting cassiterite LA-MC-ICP-MS dating yields concordant ages with (210.9±4.6) Ma of spodumene-bearing pegmatite in the middle zone, which reflects that No.308 pegmatite vein in the Jiajika pegmatite deposit formed at the late stage of Indosinian and was the result of the relative stable period after the strong Indosinian Orogeny. Geochemical data show that REEs and other trace elements patterns of the barren aplite in marginal zone of No. 308 pegmatite vein are similar to the two-mica granite in the Jiajika deposit, and both of them are characterized by the peraluminous S-type granite and homology. Dfferentiation of the magmatic water gradually increased from granitic aplites to pegmatites. The granitic magma ascended and intruded under a medium-shallow deep and partial reducing environment. During the evolution of magma, there is a strong alkali metasomatism between the melt phase and the fluid phase rich in volatile, and resulting in that a large-scale rare metal mineralization occurred in the certain structural zoning of No.308 pegmatite vein in the Jiajika deposit.
- cassiterite U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- petrogenesis /
- lithium polymetallic pegmatite /
- Jiajika

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图 1 川西地区区域构造及稀有金属矿床分布

a.甲基卡矿床所处大地构造位置；b.松潘-甘孜造山带花岗岩及稀有金属矿床分布概况.据李建康等(2014)和Li et al.(2015)

Fig. 1. Sketch of regional tectonics and distribution of rare metal ore deposits in western Sichuan, China

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图 2 甲基卡稀有金属矿床地质简图

1.Nb-Tb矿化伟晶岩; 2.Nb-Tb工业品位伟晶岩; 3.Li-Nb-Ta矿化伟晶岩; 4.Li矿化伟晶岩; 5.Li工业品位伟晶岩; 6.Li-Be矿化伟晶岩; 7.Be矿化伟晶岩; 8.Be工业品位伟晶岩; 9.Be-Nb-Ta矿化伟晶岩; 10.无矿化伟晶岩; 11.花岗细晶岩; 12.石英脉; 13.伟晶岩编号; 14.二云母花岗岩; 15.三叠系上统新都桥组上段(T₃xd²); 16.三叠系上统新都桥组下段(T₃xd¹); 17.三叠系上统侏倭组上段(T₃zh²); 18.三叠系上统侏倭组上段(T₃zh¹); 19.实测断层; 20.推测断层; 21.伟晶岩分带及编号; 22.矿化类型; 23.微斜长石伟晶岩带; 24.微斜长石-钠长石伟晶岩带; 25.钠长石伟晶岩带; 26.锂辉石伟晶岩带; 27.锂云母(白云母)伟晶岩带.综合唐国凡和吴盛先(1984)、Li et al.(2013)和王登红等(2017b)修改，其中X03号脉为隐伏矿体形态在平面中投影

Fig. 2. Simplified geological map showing the distribution of pegmatite in the Jiajika rare mining area, western Sichuan, China

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图 3 甲基卡矿床308号伟晶岩脉垂向(a)及走向(b)地质地球化学特征

据唐国凡和吴盛先(1984)改编

Fig. 3. Geological and geochemical characteristics in vertical (a) and strike (b) of No.308 pegmatite vein in the Jiajika deposit

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图 4 甲基卡矿床308号伟晶岩脉中花岗质细晶岩及伟晶岩典型野外、手标本及显微照片

a.308号伟晶岩脉结构分带局部特征及采样位置示意图；b.308号伟晶岩脉近南北走向钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩带；c.边缘带花岗质细晶岩与外侧带无矿微斜长石伟晶岩接触部位；d.中间带含绿柱石微斜长石伟晶岩；e.边缘带花岗质细晶岩与中间带钠长石锂辉石伟晶岩带接触部位；f.图c边缘带花岗质细晶岩局部显微照片特征；g.图c中外侧带无矿微斜长石伟晶岩局部显微照片特征；h.图d中间带含绿柱石微斜长石伟晶岩局部显微照片特征；i, j, k.图e中间带钠长石锂辉石伟晶岩局部显微照片特征

Fig. 4. Representive field photographs, hand specimen and photomicrographs of the granitic pegmatites and granitic aplites from the No.308 pegematite vein in the Jiajika deposit

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图 5 308号伟晶岩脉含锂辉石伟晶岩中锡石反射光图像

Fig. 5. Reflected images of cassiterite in spodumene-bearing pegmatite from the No.308 pegmatite vein

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图 6 308号伟晶岩脉含锂辉石伟晶岩中锡石U-Pb等时线年龄(a)及U-Pb年龄谐和图(b)

Fig. 6. The U-Pb isochron diagram (a) and corresponding concordia diagram (b) of cassiterite in spodumene-bearing pegmatite from the No.308 pegmatite vein

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图 7 花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩微量元素蛛网图和稀土元素配分图

原始地幔数值据McDonough and Sun(1995)；球粒陨石数值据Sun and McDonough(1989).c, d图例同a, b

Fig. 7. Primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams and chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of granites and granitic pegmatites

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图 8 花岗岩、细晶岩和伟晶岩的选择性地球化学图解

图a据Middlemost(1994)；图b据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)；图c据Yang(2007)，区域A代表非造山带的熔浆，区域B代表造山带和岛弧的熔浆，区域C代表A和B的衍生物，其中钠质类型与A相关，钾质类型与B相关; 图d据Chappell(1999)

Fig. 8. Selected geochemical diagrams of the granites, aplites and pegmatites

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图 9 花岗岩、细晶岩和伟晶岩Rb-Ba-Sr三角图解和SiO₂-K/Rb图解

图a中区域范围据Bouseily and Sokkary(1975)；图b中区域范围据Blevin(2004)

Fig. 9. Rb-Ba-Sr ternary diagram and SiO₂ vs. K/Rb diagram for granites, aplites and pegmatites

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图 10 花岗岩和无矿细晶岩Y-Nb和Yb-Ta构造环境判别图解

图 10据Pearce et al.(1984)；VAG.火山弧花岗岩，ORG.洋脊花岗岩，WPG.板内花岗岩，syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩

Fig. 10. Y vs. Nb and Y vs. Ta diagrams of tectonic setting for the granitites and barren aplites

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图 11 花岗岩、细晶岩和伟晶岩R1-R2构造环境判别图解

R1=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Fe+Ti)，R2=6Ca+2Mg+Al，均为原子数; 图中区域据Batchelor and Bowden(1985)

Fig. 11. R1 vs. R2 diagram of tectonic setting for granites, aplites and pegmatites

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图 12 花岗岩、细晶岩和伟晶岩氧化还原图解

图a据Lehmann(1990)

Fig. 12. Oxidation-reduction diagrams of the granites, aplites and pegmatites

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表 1 甲基卡矿床308号伟晶岩脉内部结构分带

Table 1. List of the internal structure zone of the No.308 pegmatite vein in the Jiajika deposit

结构分带及伟晶岩类型			在伟晶岩脉中的位置和其他带的过渡关系	结构带规模及形态特征	主要矿物成分及其含量	矿化特征
边缘带	Ⅰ	细晶岩带	在伟晶岩与围岩接触带呈不连续带状分布，接触界线较清晰	为细粒结构.带状不连续分布，宽2~35 cm	石英(±55%)、白云母(25%~30%)、钠长石(±15%)，另含微量磷灰石等	局部可见绿柱石矿化
外侧带	Ⅱ	粗至中粒石英微斜长石伟晶岩	脉南段较发育，于东西段接触带附近也较为普通，中段及北段次之.与Ⅲ带和Ⅳ带过渡界线较清晰	以团块状为主，不连续带状构造次之，带的形态不一	石英(40%~45%)、微斜长石(40%~45%)、钠长石(10%~15%)，次有少量白云母、电气石、石榴石、黄铁矿及偶含锂辉石等	偶见绿柱石矿化，矿化弱
	Ⅲ	粗至中粒石英微斜长石钠长石伟晶岩	位于脉的中、南段，与Ⅳ、Ⅴ带呈渐变过渡关系	为不规则团块状，长为60~100 m，宽为30~60 m	石英(35%~40%)、微斜长石(5%~10%)、钠长石(25%~30%)、电气石(3%~5%)、白云母(8%)，另含微量石榴石、磷灰石和锂辉石	偶见锂辉石、绿柱石、铌钽矿化
中间带	Ⅳ	粗至中粒石英微斜长石钠长石锂辉石伟晶岩	位于脉的中段，与Ⅴ带及Ⅲ带成相向交替产出	呈长条状，长为30~50 m，宽为5~15 m	石英(35%~40%)、微斜长石(10%~15%)、钠长石(30%~35%)、锂辉石(±10%)，次有电气石(3%~5%)、白云母(< 5%)，另含微量绿柱石、铌钽铁矿等	发育锂辉石矿化及偶见绿柱石和铌钽矿化
	Ⅴ	中至细粒石英钠长石锂辉石伟晶岩	主要位于脉的北段，中段亦有发育，南段偶见.与Ⅰ带、Ⅳ带及Ⅲ带呈渐变过渡关系	呈带状分布，与Ⅳ带规模相近.	石英(30%~35%)、微斜长石(5%~10%)、钠长石(25%~35%)、锂辉石(10%~20%)，次有白云母(5%)，另含少量绿柱石、电气石、绢云母等	为锂辉石主要矿化结构带，次有绿柱石和铌钽矿化

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表 2 308号伟晶岩脉中含锂辉石伟晶岩中锡石电子探针成分分析(%)

Table 2. EMPA analysis (%) of cassiterite in spodumene-bearing pegmatite from the No.308 pegmatite vein

样品号/元素	SnO₂	Ta₂O₅	Nb₂O₅	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	CaO	FeO	TiO₂	Cr₂O₃	ThO₂	Total
JJKYG162-3-1	96.06	1.17	0.29	0.14	0.03	0.69	0.46	0.35	0.04	0.07	0.05	99.35
JJKYG162-3-2	96.29	1.16	0.32	0.12	0.02	0.71	0.39	0.31	0.06	0.05	0.03	99.47
JJKYG162-3-3	95.73	1.39	0.33	0.16	0.03	0.68	0.68	0.51	0.06	0.09	0.06	99.73

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表 3 308号伟晶岩脉锡石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试数据

Table 3. LA-MC-ICP-MS cassiterite U-Pb isotopic data of the No.308 pegmatite vein

测试点号	²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb	ERR(%)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	ERR(%)	²³⁸U/²⁰⁷Pb	ERR(%)	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	ERR(%)
JJKYG162.3.1	30.94	1.32	0.045 7	18.57	628.12	17.85	21.90	18.57
JJKYG162.3.2	29.54	1.32	0.064 2	13.44	448.12	13.25	15.57	13.44
JJKYG162.3.3	30.48	1.12	0.073 0	7.68	399.71	7.75	13.69	7.68
JJKYG162.3.4	27.57	2.47	0.077 0	20.89	301.00	21.14	12.99	20.89
JJKYG162.3.5	29.58	1.09	0.077 6	6.70	364.21	6.75	12.88	6.70
JJKYG162.3.6	28.17	1.40	0.151 9	7.60	180.27	7.40	6.58	7.60
JJKYG162.3.7	25.72	3.48	0.190 5	17.18	116.78	14.42	5.25	17.18
JJKYG162.3.8	28.82	1.60	0.086 0	14.92	319.49	14.34	11.63	14.92
JJKYG162.3.9	26.85	1.88	0.181 3	8.01	144.94	7.74	5.52	8.01
JJKYG162.3.10	26.18	2.23	0.161 7	9.05	151.69	8.95	6.19	9.05
JJKYG162.3.11	27.69	1.17	0.121 7	5.66	218.75	5.71	8.21	5.66
JJKYG162.3.12	29.82	1.92	0.087 0	15.16	310.73	14.34	11.50	15.16
JJKYG162.3.13	27.53	4.89	0.068 3	16.76	210.43	17.94	14.64	16.76
JJKYG162.3.14	26.86	2.18	0.178 3	9.32	141.23	9.88	5.61	9.32
JJKYG162.3.15	22.45	4.84	0.372 2	11.54	56.47	11.38	2.69	11.54
JJKYG162.3.16	27.31	2.38	0.142 0	13.81	185.25	12.85	7.04	13.81
JJKYG162.3.17	27.84	2.66	0.187 3	13.92	150.40	11.86	5.34	13.92
JJKYG162.3.18	30.02	1.35	0.096 3	9.93	296.71	9.54	10.38	9.93
JJKYG162.3.19	30.06	1.41	0.069 2	12.45	417.36	12.65	14.45	12.45
JJKYG162.3.20	28.43	1.04	0.084 0	3.54	324.96	3.75	11.91	3.54

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表 4 花岗岩、细晶岩和伟晶岩的全岩主量(%)、微量(10^-6)和稀土元素(10^-6)分析数据

Table 4. Whole-rock major and trace elements data of the granitites, aplites and pegmatites

样品号	岩石类型	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	K₂O	Na₂O	CaO	Fe₂O₃	FeO	FeO^T	MgO	MnO	P₂O₅	TiO₂	LOI	Total	A/CNK	A/NK
JD304-b1	马颈子二云母花岗岩^*	73.17	14.98	4.73	3.42	0.75	0.11	0.84	0.94	0.3	0.04	0.23	0.06	0.92	99.55	1.24	1.39
JD337-b1		74.53	14.91	4.07	3.79	0.65	0.26	0.58	0.81	0.2	0.04	0.23	0.05	0.75	100.06	1.26	1.40
PD23-b1		73.51	14.95	4.8	3.44	0.71	0.23	0.72	0.93	0.23	0.04	0.22	0.06	/	98.91	1.23	1.38
PD23-b3		73.83	14.61	4.74	3.24	0.76	0.02	0.86	0.88	0.23	0.03	0.21	0.06	/	98.59	1.23	1.40
JD572-H1		73.12	14.69	4.77	3.13	0.59	0.39	0.68	1.03	0.31	0.04	0.2	0.08	/	98.00	1.29	1.42
JJKYG162-02	无矿细晶岩	73.38	14.88	4.89	3.35	0.64	0.31	0.75	1.03	0.24	0.04	0.2	0.06	0.76	99.50	1.24	1.38
JJKYG089-06		73.92	14.92	5.01	3.32	0.73	0.23	0.79	1.00	0.25	0.04	0.21	0.06	0.72	100.20	1.22	1.37
JJKYG157-02		74.59	14.37	4.62	3.2	0.64	0.07	0.79	0.85	0.18	0.04	0.18	0.06	0.85	99.59	1.26	1.40
JJKYG089-19	含Be细晶岩	76.84	13.74	1.22	5.99	0.41	0.21	0.79	0.98	0.05	0.08	0.29	0.01	0.35	99.98	1.15	1.23
JJKYG157-03	无矿伟晶岩	76.52	13.57	2.13	5.03	0.46	0.16	0.52	0.66	0.07	0.04	0.15	0.02	0.53	99.20	1.19	1.28
JJKYG160-02	Be伟晶岩	72.11	17.53	1.59	7.08	0.16	0.05	0.5	0.54	0.06	0.11	0.05	0.03	0.86	100.13	1.28	1.31
JJKYG162-03		73.39	15.89	1.53	7.07	0.18	0.05	0.5	0.54	0.05	0.11	0.14	0.02	0.54	99.47	1.17	1.20
JJKYG089-18	Li伟晶岩	77.84	15.34	1.67	2.09	0.19	0.19	0.65	0.82	0.05	0.13	0.14	0.01	0.71	99.01	2.74	2.92
JJKYG089-16		74.91	17.4	2.31	1.52	0.22	0.26	0.57	0.80	0.06	0.15	0.11	0.01	0.56	98.08	3.22	3.48

样品号	岩石类型	Li	Be	Ta	Nb	Rb	Sr	V	Y	Zr	Hf	Sn	Cs	Ba	Th	U	REE
JD304-b1	马颈子二云母花岗岩	334	20.3	4.18	12.6	357	30.1	/	3.8	24.4	1.54	30.8	60.5	54.7	3.51	2.6	33.27
JD337-b1		443	66.4	13.3	26.2	440	23.4	/	3.24	20.5	1.38	53	168	41.4	3.35	3.93	28.79
PD23-b1		279	17.8	3.45	11.8	321	23.7	/	3.03	23.8	1.56	20.5	40.5	37.2	3.35	2.85	28.27
PD23-b3		329	16.1	3.73	13.8	336	28.2	/	3.81	25.8	1.71	26.4	73.3	50.8	4.09	6.08	34.27
JD572-H1		227	7.23	2.78	13.9	329	32.7	/	5.77	31.1	1.35	23.1	60.4	/	3.33	2.49	35.88
JJKYG162-02	无矿细晶岩	292.48	7.32	3.90	15.82	311.84	53.44	1.22	5.48	35.19	1.51	23.84	50.95	54.37	2.92	2.17	25.75
JJKYG089-06		346.96	9.46	2.42	13.62	368.33	53.80	0.51	5.67	29.11	1.49	24.72	63.07	53.77	3.95	3.20	39.52
JJKYG157-02		561.63	30.29	14.71	33.43	504.42	38.20	1.74	3.95	29.43	1.70	60.69	156.37	44.49	2.78	1.65	24.87
JJKYG089-19	含Be细晶岩	369.26	299.14	57.38	204.06	329.03	14.82	0.27	0.17	8.25	1.64	36.77	127.28	0.91	0.64	1.94	1.03
JJKYG157-03	无矿伟晶岩	97.58	11.74	7.08	23.11	266.29	14.69	0.92	1.37	13.34	1.16	24.39	28.61	8.61	0.60	1.17	3.95
JJKYG160-02	Be伟晶岩	101.08	191.83	94.28	84.35	411.05	3.16	0.62	0.06	56.14	9.22	92.63	52.85	3.15	1.40	4.12	0.29
JJKYG162-03	Be伟晶岩	992.15	367.61	25.40	62.14	662.01	10.89	0.16	0.05	12.54	1.95	74.03	392.07	1.01	0.70	9.63	0.56
JJKYG089-18	Li伟晶岩	9 749.45	181.95	54.59	127.28	620.06	10.62	0.16	0.09	2.79	0.67	126.47	163.46	2.88	0.80	3.27	0.64
JJKYG089-16	Li伟晶岩	1 3140.30	112.45	49.93	187.55	696.01	14.36	1.90	0.20	4.33	0.63	94.60	195.04	6.04	0.78	3.07	3.25

样品号	岩石类型	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Eu	Ce
JD304-b1	马颈子二云母花岗岩	6.45	10.7	1.53	7.96	1.7	0.32	1.82	0.31	1.48	0.2	0.44	0.05	0.27	0.04	0.56	0.84
JD337-b1		5.67	9.62	1.31	6.71	1.38	0.26	1.49	0.25	1.24	0.18	0.37	0.04	0.24	0.03	0.55	0.87
PD23-b1		5.45	9.31	1.28	6.72	1.45	0.25	1.61	0.26	1.21	0.16	0.32	0.03	0.19	0.03	0.50	0.86
PD23-b3		6.55	11.3	1.57	8.12	1.75	0.33	1.86	0.31	1.49	0.2	0.43	0.05	0.28	0.03	0.56	0.86
JD572-H1		7.92	14.5	1.63	6.07	1.48	0.27	1.43	0.25	1.3	0.19	0.44	0.05	0.32	0.03	0.57	0.99
JJKYG162-02		5.235	8.310	1.332	5.226	1.375	0.305	1.496	0.272	1.299	0.176	0.383	0.044	0.257	0.038	0.65	0.75
JJKYG089-06	无矿细晶岩	8.350	14.619	1.958	7.841	1.882	0.316	1.905	0.320	1.441	0.187	0.384	0.042	0.245	0.032	0.50	0.86
JJKYG157-02		5.361	8.761	1.263	4.884	1.229	0.248	1.255	0.217	1.019	0.127	0.272	0.030	0.173	0.027	0.60	0.80
JJKYG089-19	含Be细晶岩	0.159	0.716	0.018	0.050	0.017	0.002	0.017	0.006	0.028	0.004	0.009	0.001	0.005	0.000	0.33	2.71
JJKYG157-03	无矿伟晶岩	0.903	1.363	0.179	0.488	0.164	0.077	0.196	0.041	0.244	0.038	0.113	0.016	0.115	0.015	1.31	0.78
JJKYG160-02	Be伟晶岩	0.070	0.102	0.014	0.045	0.014	0.006	0.015	0.002	0.007	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.010	0.000	1.31	0.75
JJKYG162-03	Be伟晶岩	0.100	0.325	0.019	0.080	0.017	0.000	0.009	0.002	0.005	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.07	1.70
JJKYG089-18	Li伟晶岩	0.199	0.288	0.017	0.075	0.014	0.004	0.014	0.003	0.015	0.001	0.005	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.97	0.92
JJKYG089-16	Li伟晶岩	0.818	1.497	0.155	0.502	0.081	0.016	0.085	0.012	0.042	0.006	0.020	0.003	0.015	0.001	0.57	0.96
注：*数据唐国凡和吴盛先(1984)；“/”表示数值为空.

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