2025年1月7日西藏定日地震地表破裂特征和野外同震位移测量初步结果

邵延秀; 王爱生; 刘静; 王文鑫; 韩龙飞; 邢麟杰; 许建红; 王霁川; 姚文倩; 张惠心; 刘小利

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.040

2025年1月7日西藏定日地震地表破裂特征和野外同震位移测量初步结果

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.040

1.
天津大学地球系统科学学院, 天津 3000722
2.
中国地震局第二监测中心, 陕西西安 7100543
3.
中国地震局地震研究所, 湖北武汉 430071

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 42272242

国家自然科学基金 W2411033

中国地震局地质研究所所长基金重点项目 JB-18-02

地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室项目 LED2022A03

详细信息

作者简介:
邵延秀（1984-），副教授，主要从事活动构造和构造地貌研究. E-mail：shaoyx@tju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘静，E-mail: liu_zeng@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: P65
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-06
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Preliminary Investigation on Surface Rupture and Coseismic Displacement of the January 7, 2025 Dingri Earthquake in Xizang

1.
School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2.
The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China

摘要

摘要:
2025年1月7日在西藏日喀则地区定日县境内发生M_S6.8地震，地震发生后，我们立即对发震构造和地表破裂开展了野外调查和高精度无人机航测.基于野外地震破裂带调查和遥感数据初步解译，我们发现定日地震发震断裂为登么错（又称丁木错）断裂，并破裂了该断裂的中北段，最北到羊姆丁错姆湖的东岸，最南到朋曲河北岸，地表破裂长度约36.5 km.该地震的地表破裂基本沿着先存断裂分布；在破裂南端，多条平行断裂上出现地表陡坎，最大破裂宽度~4 km.地表破裂样式复杂多样，主要形成不同高度和宽度的地震陡坎和拉张裂缝的组合，且破裂带的北段陡坎较大，最大垂直位移（265±27）cm，陡坎高度沿走向变化较大，在两端仅为垂直位移不明显的张裂隙.本研究初步获得地表破裂长度和最大位移等参数与全球正断型地震的矩震级‒地表破裂参数经验关系的平均值较为一致.同时，定日地震的地表破裂特征也为研究单次地震陡坎与长期累积陡坎的地貌演化过程研究提供了难得的数据.
- 地震 /
- 登么错断裂 /
- 地震地表破裂 /
- 同震位移 /
- 破裂长度 /
- 构造地质
Abstract:
On January 7, 2025, a M_S6.8 earthquake struck Dingri County in the Shigatse region of Xizang. In response to the event, it conducted field investigations and high-precision UAV aerial surveys, which indicate that the rupture extends from the central-northern segment of the Dengme Co (or Dingmu Co) fault to the eastern shore of Yangmudingcuomu Lake and the northern bank of the Pengqu River, totaling approximately 36.5 km. The surface rupture predominantly follows existing fault structures, with the southern end exhibiting multiple parallel faults and surface scarps up to 4 km wide. The rupture patterns are complex, combining seismic scarps and extensional fissures of varying dimensions. Notably, the northern section displays larger scarps, with maximum displacements reaching approximately (265±27) cm. Scarp heights vary significantly along the rupture, with minimal vertical displacement at north and south end. Our preliminary findings suggest that the surface rupture length and maximum displacement align closely with global empirical relationships between earthquake magnitude and rupture characteristics. Additionally, the characteristics of the Dingri earthquake's surface rupture offer valuable insights for studying the geomorphic evolution of single-event seismic scarps and their long-term cumulative effects.
- earthquakes /
- Dengme Co fault /
- seismic surface rupture /
- coseismic displacement /
- rupture length /
- tectonics

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图 1 西藏中南部地震构造

Fig. 1. Seismic tectonic map of central and southern Xizang

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图 2 定日地震发震构造及余震分布

余震来源于杨婷等（2025）精定位数据，粗黑色线条为登么错断裂

Fig. 2. Seismic tectonics and aftershock distribution map of the Dingri earthquake

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图 3 定日地震地表破裂野外调查

a.野外调查点的分布；b.地表破裂带的展布

Fig. 3. Field investigation of surface rupture of the Dingri earthquake

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图 4 定日地震尼辖错一带地表破裂宏观特征

a.无人机倾斜拍摄的航片；b，c. 从不同角度拍摄破裂带形态特征

Fig. 4. Macroscopic features of surface rupture in the Nixia Co of the Dingri earthquake

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图 5 定日地震南北端破裂带特征

a，b. 羊姆丁错姆东岸沿断裂分布的地表裂缝航片；a. 红色虚线为先存断裂；b.中箭头指示的是裂缝的位置；c.朋曲河北岸地表裂缝，红色箭头指示先存断层陡坎位置，白色箭头指示裂缝位置；d.登么错西南地表裂缝，白色箭头指示裂缝位置

Fig. 5. Characteristics of the rupture zones at the northern and southern ends of the Dingri earthquake

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图 6 定日地震地表破裂变形样式

a.多条平行地震陡坎；b.地表破裂前缘发生挤压缩短变形，左上角插图修改自Crone et al.（1987）；c.正向和反向断裂形成小型地堑；d.登么错西南次级断裂沿铲形断层面发生破裂

Fig. 6. Surface rupture deformation patterns of the Dingri earthquake

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图 7 定日地震断层面倾角测量

a.在尼辖错一带在坍塌面上残留的断层擦痕；b.在登么错东岸在同震变形时暴露出来的新鲜断层面

Fig. 7. Fault plane dip angle measurement of the Dingri earthquake

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图 8 定日地震同震破裂垂直位移测量方法

陡坎类型Ⅰ为上下盘以垮塌面相接触，地表均未垮塌，下部可能有少量垮塌（a）；类型Ⅱ为上下盘有一定的拉张分量，地表未垮塌（b）；类型Ⅲ为上下盘有一定的拉张分量，地表有垮塌（c）；红色粗线为断层面；FW. 断层下盘；HW. 断层上盘；h. 陡坎垂直位移，其值为野外卷尺测量值加上误差，此处我们对3种类型给定误差为5%（a），10%（b）和15%~20%（c）

Fig. 8. Measurement method for the vertical displacement of co-seismic ruptures of the Dingri earthquake

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图 9 定日地震野外同震位移测量

白色编号为野外调查点号，白色垂直箭头指示地震陡坎高度

Fig. 9. Co-seismic displacement measurement of the Dingri earthquake in the field

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图 10 全球正断型地震破裂参数关系（修改自Wells and Coppersmith，1994）

a.震级‒地表破裂长度经验关系；b.震级‒地下破裂长度经验关系；c.震级‒最大同震位移经验关系.橘红色正方形为定日地震，各个图中两条拟合直线分别为Wells and Coppersmith（1994）给出的两个关系式.M_W. 矩震级；SRL. 地表破裂长度；RLD. 地下破裂长度；MD. 最大同震位移

Fig. 10. Relationship of rupture parameters for global normal fault-type earthquakes (modified from Wells and Coppersmith, 1994)

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表 1 不同机构给出的定日地震震源机制解

Table 1. The earthquake source mechanism of the Dingri earthquake by different institutions

来源	纬度	经度	深度（km）	震级（M_W）	节面Ⅰ（°）			节面Ⅱ（°）
来源	纬度	经度	深度（km）	震级（M_W）	走向	倾角	滑动角	走向	倾角	滑动角
CENC¹	28.59°N	87.33°E	15	7.1	348	40	-100	181	51	-81
张喆²	28.49°N	87.47°E	10	7	346	49	-95	174	42	-85
GCMT³	28.56°N	87.47°E	12	7.1	356	42	-88	173	48	-92
USGS⁴	28.573°N	87.375°E	11.5	7.05	349	42	-103	187	49	-78
IPGP⁵	28.639°N	87.361°E	14	7.2	341	51	-113	196	44	-64
GFZ⁶	28.57°N	87.41°E	14	7.1	0	49	-79	164	41	-102
SC4⁷	28.53°N	87.40°E	12	7.1	342	29	-116	191	64	-76
AUST⁸	28.603°N	87.402°E	11	7	355	50	-87	169	40	-94
GSRAS⁹	28.62°N	87.46°E	10	7.1	353	45	-88	171	45	-92
注：1.CENC中国地震台网中心（https://www.cenc.ac.cn/cenc/tpxw/414670/index.html）；2.张喆中国地震局地球物理研究所（https://www.cea-igp.ac.cn/kydt/280883.html）；3.GCMT：全球矩心矩张量（https://www.globalcmt.org/）；4.USGS美国地质调查局（https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000pi9w/moment-tensor）；5.IPGP巴黎地球物理研究所（http://geoscope.ipgp.fr/index.php/en/catalog/earthquake-description？seis=us6000pi9w22212）；6.GFZ德国地球科学研究中心（https://geofon.gfz.de/eqinfo/event.php？id=gfz2025albe）；7.SC4欧洲‒地中海地震中心（https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake_information/earthquake.php？id=1753287）；8.AUST澳大利亚地球物理科学协会（https://earthquakes.ga.gov.au/）；9.GSRAS俄罗斯科学院地球物理调查局（http://mseism.gsras.ru/EqInfo/RequestsHandler？cmd=toinfmsg&lang=en&imid=276）

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