Study on the Reinforcement Effect for Anti-Slide Piles of the Multi-Sliding Zones Landslide Based on Soil Arching Effect
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摘要: 大型滑坡受工程地质条件影响，通常具有多滑带结构特征. 而抗滑桩加固研究中较少考虑土拱效应对多滑带滑坡的影响. 因此，开展了推力荷载作用下多层滑带滑坡-抗滑桩体系的数值模拟，探讨了不同桩间距和桩嵌固深度对多层滑带抗滑桩土拱效应的影响，并评估了不同抗滑桩设计参数下桩的加固效果. 研究结果表明：（1）在多层滑带滑坡运动过程中，桩周应力沿深度方向呈现双向多级土拱分布，表现为“桩后土拱-桩前土拱-桩后土拱”现象；（2）桩间距由6倍减小至2倍时，抗滑桩在不同深度的端承土拱效应越明显，加固效果越好.桩间距由2倍增大至6倍时，桩间摩擦土拱逐渐成为主要的抗滑作用，抗滑桩加固效果变差；（3）嵌固深度的变化不会改变抗滑桩不同深度处的土拱类型，但会影响土拱的强度；（4）当浅层滑动主导时，减小桩间距可以提高抗滑桩的加固效果；而当深层滑动主导时，应增加嵌固深度以提高加固效果.Abstract: Large landslides are typically characterized by the multi-sliding zones structure, influenced by engineering geological conditions.However, the impact of the soil arch effect on multi-sliding zones landslide is often overlooked in studies of anti-slide piles reinforcement.Therefore, numerical simulations of multi-sliding zones landslide-anti-sliding piles system under thrust loading were conducted. These simulations investigated the effects of pile spacing and embedment depth on the soil arching effect across different motion modes and evaluated the reinforcement effectiveness under various design parameters.The results show that: (1) During landslide movement in multi-sliding zones, the stress around the pile exhibits a bidirectional, multi-level soil arch distribution along the depth, manifesting as the phenomenon of "soil arch behind pile-soil arch in front of the pile-soil arch behind pile". (2) As the pile spacing decreases from six times to two times the pile diameter, the end-bearing soil arch effect at various depths becomes more pronounced, thereby improving the reinforcement effect. Conversely, when the pile spacing increases from two times to six times, the frictional soil arch between the piles gradually becomes the dominant anti-slide mechanism, diminishing the reinforcement effectiveness.(3) Changes in embedding depth do not alter the type of soil arch at different depths but affect the strength of the soil arch.(4) When shallow sliding dominates, reducing pile spacing enhances the reinforcement effect of anti-slide piles; when deep sliding dominates, increasing the embedment depth improves the reinforcement effect.
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图 2 多层滑带滑坡-抗滑桩体系数值计算模型
Fig. 2. The numerical model for multi-sliding zone landslide-anti-slide pile system
图 5 模型试验与数值模拟位移对比
a.滑坡位移云图；b. 滑坡剪应变增量云图；c. 物理模型试验宏观变形图（徐楚，2022）；d. 滑坡位移曲线
Fig. 5. Comparison of model test and numerical simulation displacement
图 6 桩周土压力数值计算结果与试验结果比较
a.桩后；b. 桩前
Fig. 6. Comparison of numerical calculation results and test results of soil pressure around the pile
图 7 抗滑桩弯矩与水平位移图
a.桩身水平位移；b.弯矩
Fig. 7. Anti-slide pile bending moment and horizontal displacement diagram
图 8 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 8. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 9 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 9. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 10 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 10. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 11 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 11. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 12 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 12. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 13 抗滑桩不同深度桩周水平应力云图
Fig. 13. Horizontal stress clouds around the pile at different depths of the anti-slide pile
图 14 不同桩间距抗滑桩受力特性
a.桩顶位移和弯矩最大值变化；b.桩身剪力分布曲线
Fig. 14. Mechanical behavior of anti-slide piles with different spaces
图 15 不同嵌固深度抗滑桩受力特性
a.桩顶位移和弯矩最大值变化；b.桩身剪力分布曲线
Fig. 15. Mechanical behavior of anti-slide piles with embedment depth
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
材料特性 滑体 滑带 滑床 抗滑桩 密度ρ(kg/m3) 1 690 1 630 2 500 1 800 黏聚力c(kPa) 20.6 1.2 2 000 内摩擦角φ(°) 21.8 20.2 5 体积模量K(MPa) 9.3 6.7 560 160 剪切模量G(MPa) 4.6 2.8 300 120 
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表 2 接触面单元力学参数
Table 2. Interface mechanical parameters
接触面特性 接触面类型 桩-滑体 桩-滑带 桩-滑床 法向刚度kn (GPa/m) 10 2 5 900 切向刚度ks (GPa/m) 10 2 5 900 内摩擦角φ(°) 17.4 16.1 40 黏聚力c (kPa) 16.5 0.9 1 600
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表 3 物理模型试验加载方案
Table 3. Physical model test loading program
工况 推力大小(N/min) 运动模式 浅层滑体 深层滑体 1 10 10 浅层滑动为主 2 10 15 深层滑动为主
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