Quaternary Activity Characteristics of the Yiong-Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault Zone
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摘要: 嘉黎断裂带通常被认为是控制青藏高原东南缘物质向东南挤出的重要边界构造之一，但其第四纪是否仍在活动以及活动特征如何一直存在争议. 在前人工作基础上，通过高分辨率遥感影像解译、DEM数据分析和详细的地表调查，并结合震源机制解和GPS观测等数据，分析研究了嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段的第四纪活动性及特征. 结果表明，嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段在第四纪期间未显示出明显的右旋走滑活动特征，仅在局部段落发育小规模的北西或近东西向的正断层活动. GPS速率分析也显示，嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段的现今右旋走滑活动不明显，而表现出以伸展变形为主，这与震源机制解反映出的沿断裂带主要发生正断型地震的特征向吻合. 综合分析认为，伴随青藏高原东南缘地区构造变形方式由早期向东横向挤出转变为围绕东构造结的顺时针旋转运动，嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段第四纪期间整体上已不活动，不再是调节物质向东挤出运动的边界走滑断裂，而局部的小规模正断层活动可能与东构造结强挤压背景下引起的局部张裂或者冰川融化引发地壳回弹作用相关. 新的研究结果支持藏东-川西地区第四纪构造变形模式更符合深部通道流驱动下的围绕东构造结顺时针旋转-挤出模式，而非横向或侧向挤出模式.Abstract: The Jiali Fault Zone is one of the major active tectonic structures along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, playing a crucial role in regional seismicity and geomorphic evolution. This study systematically analyzes the tectonic activity of the Yiong-Zayu segment of the Jiali Fault Zone by integrating high-resolution remote sensing imagery, DEM data, field investigations, and focal mechanism solutions.The results indicate that the Jiali Fault Zone has exhibited weak tectonic activity since the Quaternary, with no significant evidence of right-lateral strike-slip motion. Instead, localized NW- and nearly E-W-trending normal faulting has been observed along certain segments, and seismic activity is predominantly characterized by local normal-faulting earthquakes. GPS velocity analysis reveals that the fault exhibits low horizontal slip rates, with deformation primarily characterized by extension, suggesting that it does not function as a major boundary fault.By integrating previous studies, we further infer that the formation of local normal faults is primarily influenced by localized shear stress or post-glacial rebound. Moreover, the kinematic model of southeastern Tibet is more consistent with a clockwise rotational extrusion mechanism.
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图 1 嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段地震地质图
其中地震目录来源于USGS，DEM高程数据源自AsterDEM 30 m分辨率数据，前人研究断层位置来源于李鸿儒等（2021））
Fig. 1. Seismogeological map of the Yiong-Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault zone
图 2 嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段河道两侧冲洪积扇高清DEM影像
a.波密段高清DEM解译；b.然乌段高清DEM解译；c.察隅段高清DEM解译，其中红色箭头指示断层位置，黄色虚线指示冲沟，黑色实线指示扇体或者阶地
Fig. 2. High-resolution DEM image of the fluvial and alluvial fans on both sides of the river in the Yiong-Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault zone
图 3 嘉黎断裂带高清遥感影像图
a.波密县西侧阶地面地貌图；b.易贡乡南侧阶地地貌面图；c.下察隅镇北侧阶地地貌面图
Fig. 3. High-resolution remote sensing image of the Jiali Fault zone
图 4 嘉黎断裂带沿线扇体14C测年采样地貌面及剖面图
a.波密县西侧阶地面采样点；b. 波密县西侧阶地面采样剖面及结果；c.古玉乡北侧桑曲阶地面采样点；d. 玉乡北侧桑曲阶地面采样剖面及结果；e.古玉乡西侧阶地采样点；f. 古玉乡北侧桑曲阶地面采样剖面及结果
Fig. 4. Landform surface and profile of 14C dating sampling sites along the Jiali Fault zone
图 5 走滑地貌示意图及嘉黎断裂沿线盆地DEM影像图
a. 走滑作用产生的盆地形态示意图；b. 易贡段宽谷地貌解译图；c. 波密段高清DEM宽谷地貌解译；d. 然乌段宽谷地貌解译图；e. 察隅段宽谷地貌解译图，其中红色箭头指示断层位置，黄色虚线指示冲沟，黑色实线指示扇体或者阶地
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of strike-slip landforms and DEM image of basins along the Jiali Fault zone
图 6 嘉黎断裂易贡-通麦段地貌
a.正断层带；b. R剪切面及擦痕；c. 断层三角面及扇体无明显错动
Fig. 6. Geomorphology of the Yiong-Tongmai Segment of the Jiali Fault
图 7 嘉黎断裂古乡段地貌
a.正断层剖面图；b. 断层面及擦痕
Fig. 7. Geomorphology of the Guxiang Segment of the Jiali Fault
图 8 嘉黎断裂然乌段地质地貌图
a. 康沙村东路上出露的台地；b. 走滑断层剖面；c，d. 正断层剖面
Fig. 8. Geomorphology of the Ranwu Segment of the Jiali Fault
图 9 嘉黎断裂察隅段地貌
a. 山前断层行迹，红色箭头指示断层位置；b. 古玉乡阶地面地貌图，未见明显错动；c.察瓦龙乡段见断层破碎带，其中红色箭头指示断层位置
Fig. 9. Geomorphology of the Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault
图 10 嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段震源机制解图
GPS数据引自Wang et al.（2020）；震源机制解数据引用自陈平光等（2023）
Fig. 10. Focal mechanism solutions map of the Yiong-Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault zone
图 11 嘉黎断裂带易贡-察隅段GPS速率剖面图
a. 察隅段N50°E平行于嘉黎断裂带速率分量；b. 察隅段N50°E垂直于嘉黎断裂带速率分量；c. 波密段N30°E平行于嘉黎断裂带速率分量；d. 波密段N30°E垂直于嘉黎断裂带速率分量，其中灰色虚线代表断裂两边均值，黑色虚线为断裂东西两端分界线，定义东向、北向为正值，西向、南向为负值
Fig. 11. GPS velocity N50°E profile of the Yiong-Zayu Segment of the Jiali Fault zone
图 12 藏东南构造变形4种代表性运动学模型（修改自吴中海等, 2015）
Fig. 12. Four representative kinematic models of tectonic deformation in Southeastern Tibet (modified from Wu et al., 2015)
图 13 青藏高原东南缘顺时针旋转-挤出模式图
JLF. 嘉黎断裂带；YD-YX. 羊达-亚许断裂带；NJF. 怒江断裂带；BTF. 巴塘断裂带；LTF. 理塘断裂带；XH-XJF. 鲜水-小江河断裂带
Fig. 13. Clockwise rotation-extrusion model of the Southeastern Tibet
表 1 嘉黎断裂带14C结果表
Table 1. Radiocarbon age of Jiali Fault zone
样品 经度
(°E)纬度
(°N)海拔(m) 年龄(a BP) 校正年龄（cal a BP） 0829-1 94.88 30.26 2 308 9 000±30 10 183±58 10 145~10 240 (95.4%) 10 045~10 059 (1.5%) 9 965~9 985 (3.5%) 0831-1 97.26 29.11 3 159 9 700±30 11 124±88 11 075~11 210 (86.5%) 10 880~10 928 (8.9%) 0901-1 97.11 29.19 3 563 1 050±30 959±37 1 025~1 055 (11.0%) 916~1 001 (84.5%) 0902-1 97.62 28.79 3 926 > 43 500 - - 
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