矿物吸附金的实验研究及其在红土型金矿形成中的意义

王燕; 谭凯旋; 刘顺生; 陈梦熊

矿物吸附金的实验研究及其在红土型金矿形成中的意义

王燕^{1, 2},
谭凯旋¹,
刘顺生¹,
陈梦熊³

1.
中国科学院长沙大地构造研究所, 湖南长沙 410013
2.
广东有色地质勘查研究院, 广东广州 510080
3.
有色金属矿产地质调查中心, 北京 100814

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 70171057

中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 KZCX2-101

详细信息

作者简介:
王燕(1955-), 男, 教授, 教授级高级工程师, 主要从事矿产资源勘查项目的生产科研及技术管理工作

中图分类号: P618
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2002-01-10
- 刊出日期: 2003-01-25

Experimental Study of Gold Adsorption by Minerals and Its Signification in Forming of Lateritic Gold Deposits

1.
Changsha Institute of Geotectonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410013, China
2.
Guangdong Non-ferrous Metal Geological Survey Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
3.
China Non-ferrous Metals Resources Geological Survey, Beijing 100814, China

摘要

摘要: Au(Ⅲ)-氯化物和Au(Ⅰ)-硫代硫酸盐被蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石、针铁矿、褐铁矿及黄铁矿的吸附实验研究结果表明, 各种矿物对AuCl₄^-的吸附作用显著大于Au(S₂O₃)₂^3-, 粘土矿物对金的吸附能力, 蒙脱石 > 高岭石 > 伊利石; 含铁矿物中, 黄铁矿 > 针铁矿 > 褐铁矿.矿物对金的吸附作用与矿物结构和金的存在形式有关, 即受矿物表面基、金组分的稳定性和位阻的影响; 天然雨水中所含微量H₂O₂是Au、黄铁矿等不同矿物氧化-还原的催化剂, 可加速地表岩(矿)石的风化氧化过程和Au的溶解与迁移.雨水对红土中的Au具有一定的淋滤浸取能力.红土型金矿形成于富Cl^-、SO₄^2-的酸性、氧化的水化学环境, 含金黄铁矿等硫化物的氧化不仅直接导致了Au的溶解和酸的释放, 而且其反应产物Fe³⁺、S₂O₃^2-等为Au的氧化、溶解和迁移提供了氧化剂和络合剂, 并促进Au的溶解和迁移; Au主要以硫代硫酸络合物、氯化络合物及其水合物的形式进行迁移; 硫代硫酸根的氧化和风化壳下部的还原作用是导致金络合物失稳、Au被其他矿物吸附和沉淀富集的主要因素.矿物对金的吸附在红土型金矿的形成过程中起了重要作用
- 矿物表面吸附作用 /
- Au(Ⅲ)-氯化物 /
- Au(Ⅰ)-硫代硫酸盐 /
- 红土型金矿
Abstract: Gold (Ⅲ)-chloride and gold (Ⅰ)-thiosulfate adsorption by various minerals and ores were experimented and studied in the paper. The adsorption of AuCl₄^- by minerals is much higher than Au(S₂O₃)₂^3-. The adsorption is montmorillonite > kaolinite > illite for clay minerals, and pyrite > goethite > limonite for iron-bearing minerals. H₂O₂ containing in meteoric water is a catalyst for oxidation or reduction of gold, pyrite and other minerals, so that it can speed up weathering process and Au dissolution and migration under supergene conditions. The meteoric water can, to some extent, leach gold in laterite, and the leaching capacity is controlled by compositions of the leached rocks and minerals. Meteoric water, KCl, oxalic acid, citric acid, hypo and other solutions are also able to leach some gold in laterite, but their leaching capacities are quite different from one another even for same sample. The lateritic gold deposits were produced under the acidic, oxidizing and Cl^-, SO₄^2- rich hydro-geochemical environment. Gold migrated as sulpho-sulphate complex, chloride complex and their hydrates and the key factors were the oxidation of sulpho sulphate complex anions and the subsequent reduction in the lower part of the weathering crusts to make Au-bearing complexes unstable and then to make the released gold concentrated, precipitated or absorbed by other minerals. The adsorption of gold by minerals plays an important role during minerogenetic process of lateritic gold deposits.
- adsorption on mineral surface /
- Au(Ⅲ)-chloride /
- Au(Ⅰ)-thiosulfate /
- lateritic gold deposits

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表 1 不同矿物对AuCl₄^-溶液吸附的实验

Table 1. Experimental results of AuCl₄^- adsorption by different minerals

表 2 不同矿物对Au(S₂O₃)₂^3-溶液吸附的实验

Table 2. Experimental results of Au(S₂O₃)₂^3- adsorption by various minerals

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