Demarcating Interval between Archean Group and Proterozoic Group and Ore-Forming Dynamical Transformation
-
摘要: 太古宙与元古宙之间分界时限较窄、测年数据偏新和混乱, 极大遏制了地球早期基础地质的深入研究.通过太古宙与元古宙分界标志和过渡标志的确定, 将太古代—元古代间动力体制转换类型划分为4种: 挤压体制向扩张体制转换; 垂直运动与水平运动间转换; 水平主压应力场转换; 地幔柱体制向板块构造体制转换.太古代与元古代间动力体制转换产物主要为真核生物、放射性元素、岩浆、矿产, 各自形成时限可达(3~5) × 108 a.太古宙与元古宙之间分界不应以单一年代划分, 而是一个渐变过渡的界线, 可初步确定在2.2 0~2.80Ga之间.太古宙—元古宙界线的划分应与地球动力学和构造体制等重大事件相联系, 此研究为探求早期深部成矿作用带来新的启迪Abstract: The narrowness and confusion of demarcating time between Archean and Proterozoic have kept deepening research on the early geology within great limits. Through determination demarcating and transiting criteria, the transformation of geo-dynamics system between Archean and Proterozoic can be divided into four types: transformation from compressional to extensional system, from vertical to horizontal, of principal stress, from mantle plume to plate tectonics. The relatively outcomes which formed within 0.3~0.5 billions year of transformations includes eucaryote, radioelements, magma and ores. The partition between Archean and Proterozoic should have a transiting line, that can be limited in 2.20~2.80 Ga. The partition has close relation with major geological events, and this work brings a new edification to ore-formation in depth.
-
Key words:
- Archean-Proterozoic /
- transiting line /
- ore-forming dynamics /
- system transformation
-
表 1 变质上壳岩系Sm-Nd年龄测试与计算结果
Table 1. Sm-Nd age-dating and calculating values in metamorphic supracrustal systems
表 2 黑云长英片麻岩锆石年龄测定与计算结果
Table 2. Acorite age-dating and calculating values of biotite felsite gneiss
表 3 变黑云母钾长花岗岩锆石年龄测定与计算结果
Table 3. Acorite age-dating and calculating values of metamorphic biotite potash feldspar granite
-
[1] 陈晋镳. 中朝准地台中—末元古代地质演化的初步探讨[J]. 地质论评, 1983, 29(1): 1-8. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.01.001CHEN J B. A priliminary discussion on geological evolution of Sino-Korea paraplatform during Middle-Late Proterozoicera[J]. Geological Review, 1983, 29(1): 1-8. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.01.001 [2] 劳秋元, 索书田, 谭应佳. 中国的元古宙构造[J]. 地质论评, 1983, 29(2): 111-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP198302001.htmLAO Q Y, SUO S T, TAN Y J. Proterozoic tectonics of China[J]. Geological Review, 1983, 29(2): 111-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP198302001.htm [3] 陈衍景, 欧阳自远, 杨秋剑, 等. 关于太古宙—元古宙界线的新认识[J]. 地质论评, 1994, 40(6): 483-488. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1994.06.001CHEN Y J, OUYANG Z Y, YANG Q J, et al. A new understanding on the boundary between Archean and Proterozoic[J]. Geological Review, 1994, 40(6): 483-488. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1994.06.001 [4] 胡学文, 张江满, 权恒. 燕辽地区太古宇与下元古界间不整合面的发现及其意义[J]. 地质论评, 1996, 42(3): 245-250. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1996.03.008HU X W, ZHANG J M, QUAN H. Discovery and its significance of unconformity surface between Archean and Late Proterozoic in Yanliao area[J]. Geological Review, 1996, 42(3): 245-250. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1996.03.008 [5] 刘建民, 戴新义, 陈洪江. 吉林桦甸老金厂地区太古代麻粒岩相变质杂岩的岩石学特征及其时代讨论[J]. 吉林地质, 1983, (1): 1-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JLDZ198301000.htmLIU J M, DAI X Y, CHEN HJ. A discussion on petrological feature and age of Archean granulite facies metamorphic complex in Laojinchang area, Huadian, Jilin Province[J]. Jiling Geology, 1983, (1): 1-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JLDZ198301000.htm [6] 中国科学院地球化学研究所. 稀土元素地球化学专辑[J]. 地质地球化学, 1985, (增刊): 1-3.Institute of Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Special issue on rare-earth-elements geochemistry[J]. Geology Geochemistry, 1985, (Suppl): 1-3. [7] 南广鹏. 满洲里地区元古界的发现及其意义[J]. 地质论评, 1988, 34(4): 384-385. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1988.04.013NAN G P. Discovery and its significance of Proterozoic group in Manzhouli area[J]. Geological Review, 1988, 34(4): 384-385. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1988.04.013 [8] 翟明国, 杨瑞英, 卢文江, 等. 清原太古代花岗岩-绿岩地体的常量元素地球化学证据[J]. 地质论评, 1984, 30(6): 523-534. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1984.06.003ZHAI M G, YANG R Y, LU W J, et al. Evidence from major elements of Archean granite-greenstone belt in Qingyuan[J]. Geological Review, 1984, 30(6): 523-534. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1984.06.003 [9] 刘喜山, 金巍, 李书勋. 内蒙古中部早元古代造山事件中麻粒岩相低压变质作用[J]. 地质学报, 1992, 66(3): 244-268. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199203004.htmLIU X S, JIN W, LI S X. Granulite facies low-pressure metamorphism in early Proterozoic orogenic events of the central part of Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1992, 66(3): 244-268. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199203004.htm [10] 沈保丰, 彭晓亮, 骆辉, 等. 中国太古宙绿岩带[J]. 地质学报, 1993, 67(3): 208-220. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199303001.htmSHEN B F, PENG X L, LUO H, et al. Archean greenstone belts of China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1993, 67(3): 208-220. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199303001.htm [11] 孙敏, 张立飞, 吴家弘. 早元古代宽甸杂岩的成因: 地球化学证据[J]. 地质学报, 1996, 70(3): 207-222. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.1996.03.001SUN M, ZHANG L F, WU J H. Origin of early Proterozoic Kuandian complex—evidence from geochemistry[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1996, 70(3): 207-222. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.1996.03.001 [12] 刘永江, 李三忠, 杨振升. 华北地台东缘早元古代隆-滑构造模式[J]. 地质论评, 1997, 43(6): 569-576. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1997.06.002LIU Y J, LI S Z, YANG Z S. Early Proterozoic uplift bedding-delamination structural model in the eastern margin of the North China platform[J]. Geological Review, 1997, 43(6): 569-576. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1997.06.002 [13] 徐贵忠, 王艺芬, 佘宏全, 等. 华北克拉通西北缘中元古代火山岩特征与成矿作用[J]. 地质论评, 1999, 45(增刊): 495-502. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP1999S1068.htmXU G Z, WANG Y F, SHE HQ, et al. Feature of middle Proterozoic volcanic rocks and mineralization in northwestern margin of the North China craton[J]. Geological Review, 1999, 45(Suppl): 495-502. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP1999S1068.htm [14] 周世泰. 我国北方太古界绿岩带地层之对比及其中条带状铁矿之赋存规律[J]. 地质论评, 1983, 29(5): 456. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.05.037ZHOU S T. Comparison of Archean strata of greenstone belt in northern part of China and occurrence regularities of banded iron ore deposits in the strata[J]. Geological Review, 1983, 29(5): 456. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1983.05.037 [15] 李江海, 黄雄南, 钱祥麟, 等. 太古宙—元古宙界线研究现状[J]. 高校地质学报, 2001, 7(1): 43-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7493.2001.01.005LI J H, HUANG X N, QIAN X L, et al. Current situation in study on the Archean-Proterozoic boundary[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2001, 7(1): 43-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7493.2001.01.005 [16] Amelin Y V, HeaGan L M, Semenov V S. U-Pb geochronology of 1ayered Gafic intrusions in the eastern Baltic shield: implications for the timing and duraion of Paleoproterozoic continental rifting[J]. Precambrian Research, 1995, 75: 31-46. doi: 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00015-W [17] Heanan L M, Tarney J. U-Pb badde1eyite ages for the Scourie dyke swarm, Scotland: evidence for two distinct intrusion events[J]. Nature, 1989, 6236: 705-708. [18] Ernst R E, Head J W, Parfitt E, et al. Giant radiating dyke swarms on Earth and Venus[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 1995, 39: 1-58. doi: 10.1016/0012-8252(95)00017-5 [19] Stubbs HM, HaIl R P, Hughes D J, et al. Evidence for a high Mg andesitic parental GagGa to the east and west satellite dykes of the great dyke, Zimbabwe: a comparison with the continental tholeiitic Gashonaland sills[J]. Journal of African Earth Science, 1999, 28: 325-336. doi: 10.1016/S0899-5362(99)00007-X [20] Snyder G A, Higgins S J, Tayor L A, et al. Archean enriched mantle beneath the Baltic shield: rare-earth element evidence from the Burakovsky layered intrusion, Southern Karelia, Russia[J]. International Geological Review, Bellwether Publishing, Ltd Columbia, 1996, 38(5): 389-404. [21] Lobach Z S B, Arestova N A, Chekulaev V P, et al. Geochemical and petrology of 2.40~2.45 Ga agGatic rocks in the north-western Belomorian be1t, Fennoscandian shield, Russia[J]. Precambrian Research, 1998, 92: 223-250. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(98)00076-X [22] Eriksson P G, Gazumder R, Sarkar S, et al. The 2.7~2.0 Ga volcano-sedimentary record of Ahica, India and Autralia: evidence for global and local changes in sea level and continental freeboard[J]. Precambrian Research, 1999, 97: 269-302. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00035-2 [23] Melezhik V A, Fallick A E. A widespread positive δ(13C) anomaly at arround 2.33~2.06 Ga on the Fennoscandian shield: a paradox[J]. Terra Nova, 1996, 8: 141-157. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00738.x [24] Bekker A, Karhu J A, Beukes N J. Carben isotope study of interglacial carbonates in North America and South Africa: implications for the earliest stages of the carbon isotope excursion(abstract)[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(Suppl): 7-8. [25] Catuneanu O, Eriksson P G. The sequence stratigraphic concept and the Precambrian rock record: an example from the 2.7~2.1 Ga Transvaal Supergroup, Kaapvaal craton [J]. Precambrian Research, 1999, 97: 215-251. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00033-9 [26] 孙忠实, 冯亚民, 杨晓东, 等. 吉南板石沟地区前寒武纪构造韧变序列及地壳演化[J]. 中国区域地质, 1999, 18(4): 383-390. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.1999.04.008SUN Z S, FENG Y M, YANG X D, et al. The Precam-brian ductile deformation sequence and rcustal evolution in Banshigou, South Jilin[J]. Regional Geology of China, 1999, 18(4): 383-390. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.1999.04.008 [27] 彭润民, 翟裕生, 邓军. 内蒙古狼山—渣尔泰山中元古代SEDEX型矿带火山活动与成矿的关系[J]. 地质论评, 1999, 45(增刊): 1139-1150. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP1999S1166.htmPENG R M, ZHAI Y S, DENG J. Volcanic action and its relation to mineralization in the Langshan-Zhaertai mountain Middle Proterozoic SEDEX ore belt in Inner Mongolia [J]. Geological Review, 1999, 45(Suppl): 1139-1150. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP1999S1166.htm [28] 候贵廷, 张臣, 钱祥麟, 等. 华北克拉通中元古代基性岩墙群形成机制及构造应力场[J]. 地质论评, 1998, 44(3): 309-314. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1998.03.012HOU G T, ZHANG C, QIAN X L, et al. Forming mechanism of middle Proterozoic basic dike swarm and tectonic stress field in the North China craton[J]. Geological Review, 1998, 44(3): 309-314. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.1998.03.012 [29] 李晓波. 地球动力学演化与巨型矿集区的形成. 地学前缘[J]. 1998, 5(增刊): 103-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY8S1.012.htmLI X B. Geodynamics and the formation of giant deposit clusters[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1998, 5(Suppl): 103-108. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY8S1.012.htm [30] 李俊建, 沈保丰. 辽北-吉南地区太古宙花岗岩-绿岩带地质地球化学[J]. 地球化学, 1996, 25(5): 458-467. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1996.05.004LI J J, SHEN B F. Geology and geochemistry of Archean granite-greenstone belts in northern Liaoning Province and southern Jilin Province[J]. Geochemistry, 1996, 25(5): 458-467. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1996.05.004 [31] HaffGan P F. United plates of America, the birth of a craton: Early Proterozoic assembly and growth of Lanurentia, ann rev Earth planet[J]. Sci, 1988, 16: 543-603. [32] McCulloch M T. Sm-Nd isotopic constraints on the evolution of Precambrian crust in the Australian continent [A]. In: Kroner A, ed. Geodynamics series Proterozoic lithospherc evolution[C]. American Geophysical Union, 1987. 115-130. [33] Kroner A. Tectonic evolution in the Archean and Proterozoic[J]. Tectonophysics, 1991, 187: 393-410. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(91)90478-B [34] 吴福元, 葛文春, 孙德有, 等. 华北地台太古宙地壳生长机制与构造体制转换[J]. 长春地质学院学报, 1995, 25(3): 263-267. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ503.003.htmWU F Y, GE W C, SUN D Y, et al. Archean crust growth and tectonic regime in the North China platform [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Earth Sciences, 1995, 25(3): 263-267. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ503.003.htm [35] 朱勤文, 叶德隆. 中条山北段元古宙岩浆活动与陆壳生长机制[J]. 地质论评, 1997, 43(3): 257-263. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP199703005.htmZHU Q W, YE D L. The Proterozoic magmatism and crust growth-mechanism in the northern part of the Zhongtiao Mountain[J]. Geological Review, 1997, 43(3): 257-263. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP199703005.htm [36] 于万里, 张基敏, 关广岳, 等. 华北陆台早前寒武纪地质演化与地幔对流模式[J]. 东北大学学报, 1996, 17(4): 348-351. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-3026.1996.04.001YU W L, ZHANG J M, GUANG G Y, et al. The geological evolution and mantle convection of the North China Platform in precambrian[J]. Journal of Northeastern University, 1996, 17(4): 348-351. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-3026.1996.04.001 [37] 张光亚. 塔里木盆地北部构造转换形式及其成因[J]. 现代地质, 1997, 11(4): 452-460. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ704.004.htmZHANG G Y. Tectonic transfer style and its origin in northern Tarim basin[J]. Geoscience, 1997, 11(4): 452-460. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDDZ704.004.htm [38] Sawkins. Metal deposits related to intracontinental hotspot and rifting environments[J]. Journal of Geology, 1976, 84(6): 653-671. [39] GaruyaGa S. Plume tectonics[J]. Jour Soc Japan, 1994, 100: 24-49. [40] 侯增谦, 李红阳. 初论幔柱构造成矿体系—以三江特提斯成矿域为例[J]. 矿床地质, 1998, 17(2): 97-113.HOUZ Q, LI H Y. A tentative discussion on the mantle plume tectonics and metallogenic system as exemplified by the Sanjiang Tethyan metallogenic domain[J]. Mineral Deposits, 1998, 17(2): 97-113. [41] 王仁民, 陈珍珍, 赖兴运. 华北太古宙从地幔柱体制向板块构造体制的转化[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(3): 315-321. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX703.015.htmWANG R M, CHEN Z Z, LAI X Y. Archean geotectonic transition of system from mantle plume to plate tectonics in North China[J]. Earth Science— Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1997, 22(3): 315-321. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX703.015.htm [42] 孙淑芬, 朱士兴. 中国五台山滹沱群豆村亚群(约24×108 a)微古植物新发现[J]. 微体古生物学报, 1998, 15(3): 286-293. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT803.005.htmSUN S F, ZHU S X. Discovery of micropalaeophytes from the Doucun subgroup(about 2 400 Ma), Hutuo Group of Wutai Mountain[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 1998, 15(3): 286-293. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT803.005.htm [43] 庄育勋, 徐洪林, 王新社, 等. 泰山地区新太古代—古元古代地壳演化研究的新进展[J]. 中国区域地质, 1995, 4: 360-366. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD504.012.htmZHUANG Y X, XU H L, WANG X S, et al. New ad-vances in the study on Neoproterozoic-Paleoproterozoic crust evolution in the Taishan area[J]. Regional Geology of China, 1995, 4: 360-366. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD504.012.htm [44] 孙忠实, 邓军, 翟裕生, 等. 吉林钾长花岗岩构造背景及铀对大型金矿床的控制[J]. 地球学报, 1999, 20(2): 163-168. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB902.007.htmSUN Z S, DENG J, ZHAI Y S, et al. Structural setting of Kaligranites and control of uranium large gold deposits in Jilin[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 1999, 20(2): 163-168. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB902.007.htm [45] 李上森, 于华. 矿床地质研究的一些进展与问题[J]. 前寒武纪研究进展, 1998, 21(2): 1-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHWJ199802000.htmLI S S, YU H. Progresses and problems in research on mineral deposits[J]. Progress in Pricambrian Research, 1998, 21(2): 1-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHWJ199802000.htm [46] Groves D I. Metallogenic controls on Archaean orogenic gold deposits worldwide and their significance to exploration. Gaterials of" Metallogeny, Fuel Resources, and Geodynamics of the North Asian Craton and Framing Orogenic belts" International[M]. Metallogenic Conference in Irkutsk Russia, 1998. 95-96. [47] 邓军, 孙忠实, 王建平, 等. 动力系统转换与金成矿作用[J]. 矿床地质, 2001, 20(1): 71-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200101009.htmDENG J, SUN Z S, WANG J P, et al. Dynamic system transformation and gold ore-forming process[J]. Mineral Deposits, 2001, 20(1): 71-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ200101009.htm [48] 邓军, 吕古贤, 杨立强, 等. 构造应力场转换与界面成矿[J]. 地球学报, 1998, 19(3): 244-250. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB803.003.htmDENG J, LÜ G X, YANG L Q, et al. The transformation of tectonic stress field and interfacial metallogensis[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 1998, 19(3): 244-250. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB803.003.htm [49] 邓军, 杨立强, 孙忠实, 等. 构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2000, 25(4): 397-403. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200004012.htmDENG J, YANG L Q, SUN Z S, et al. Ore-forming dynamics of tectonic regime transformation and multi-layer fluid circulation[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2000, 25(4): 397-403. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200004012.htm [50] 孙忠实, 邓军, 翟裕生, 等. 吉林夹皮沟断带动力系统碰撞、叠加及金矿床形成[J]. 地质与勘探, 2001, 37(2): 3-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT200102005.htmSUN Z S, DENG J, ZHAI Y S, et al. Dynamic system collision, superimposing and gold deposit forming in Jiapigou fault belt, Jilin Province[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2001, 37(2): 3-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT200102005.htm [51] Feybesse J L, Johan V, Triboulet C. The West Central African belt: a model of 2.5~2.0 Ga accretion and two-phase orogenic evolution [J]. Precambrian Research, 1998, 87(3-4): 161-216.