陆相断陷盆地超厚煤层异地堆积的新模式

吴冲龙; 李绍虎; 王根发; 罗映娟

陆相断陷盆地超厚煤层异地堆积的新模式

中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 49572128

详细信息

作者简介:
吴冲龙(1945-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事煤油气地质及地学信息研究. E-mail: wucl@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.11
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2002-07-22
- 刊出日期: 2003-05-25

New Evidence and New Model about Allochthonous Accumulation of Extra-Thick Coalbeds in Continental Fault Basin, China

Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 在云南先锋盆地和小龙潭盆地的超厚煤层中, 有丰富的异地成因的沉积学标志.这些成因标志揭示了2种新的异地堆积亚模式, 即“先锋亚模式”和“小龙潭亚模式”.其中, “先锋亚模式”可归纳为“湖相植物碎屑扇三角洲-水下重力流二次堆积”; “小龙潭亚模式”可归纳为“湖相植物碎屑三角洲-水下重力流二次堆积”.综合这2种亚模式及笔者原先所建立的“阜新亚模式”和“抚顺亚模式”, 可以进一步概括出完整的中国中、新生代内陆断陷盆地超厚煤层的“异地-微异地二次湖泊复合堆积模式”, 即“腐植型植物碎屑河流远源搬运→植物碎屑扇三角洲或植物碎屑三角洲沉积+湖泊漂浮异地植物碎屑沉积+湖滨沼泽泥炭微异地堆积+湖泊原地藻类泥炭原地堆积+泥质碎屑或砂质碎屑或生物壳屑沉积→洪水、弱风暴流或水下重力流的混合和搬运作用→植物碎屑与无机碎屑的机械分异和再沉积”.
- 陆相断陷盆地 /
- 超厚煤层 /
- 异地煤 /
- 煤层成因 /
- 聚煤模式 /
- 中、新生代 /
- 中国
Abstract: Abundant sedimentary marks of allochthonous genesis are present in the extra-thick coalbeds both in Xianfeng basin and in Xiaolongtan basin in Yunnan. These genesis indicators reveal two new submodels about allochthonous accumulation: Xianfeng submodel and Xiaolongtan submodel. Xianfeng submodel can be reduced to the twice accumulation of lacustrine peaty fan delta and underwater gravity flow, and Xiaolongtan submodel can be reduced to the twice accumulation of lacustrine peaty delta and underwater gravity flow. Integrating these two submodels with Fuxin submodel and Fushun submodel previously established by the authors of this paper, a complete allochthonous-hypautochthony twice lacustrine combination accumulation model for the extra-thick coalbeds in Chinese Mesozoic and Cenozoic intracontinental fault basin is thus established, as shown below: the river distant transport of humic-peat detritus → the sedimentation of peaty fan delta or peaty delta + the allochthonous sedimentation of lacustrine drift peat + the hypautochthony accumulation of local lakeshore swamp peat + the autochthonous accumulation of local lacustrine algae peat + the sedimentation fine detritus, medium-macro-grained detritus or biostromal shelly detritus → the mix and transportation because of flood current or weak storm flow or underwater gravity flow → the mechanical differentiation and resedimentation of peat and inorganic detritus.
- fault basin /
- extra-thick coalbed /
- allochthonous coal /
- coalbed genesis /
- coal accumulation model /
- Mesozoic and Cenozoic /
- China

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图 1 云南先锋盆地地质简图(据云南煤田地质局1983年资料编绘)

1.盆地边界; 2.地层界线; 3.盆地基底; 4.煤层; 5.逆断层; 6.正断层; 7.元古界; 8.震旦亚界; 9.寒武系; 10.下奥陶统; 11.上泥盆统; 12.下石炭统; 13.二叠系; 14.中新统(小龙潭组); 15.中新统底部层段; 16.中新统下含煤段; 17.中新统硅藻上层段; 18.中新统上含煤段; 19.剖面位置; 20.煤层编号; 21.断层编号

Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of Xianfeng basin of Yunnan, Southwest China

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图 2 云南先锋盆地综合地层柱状图(据云南煤田地质局1 9 8 3年资料编绘)

Fig. 2. Composite strata column section of Xianfeng basin of Yunnan, Southwest China

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图 3 超厚煤层边缘的泥炭扇三角洲沉积

Fig. 3. Peaty fan delta deposit in the margin of extrathick coalbeds

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图 4 超厚煤层中部的炭泥质夹矸及煤砾

杂基为砂、泥和炭质, 底部见冲刷面, 向上砂泥含量减少而炭质含量增多

Fig. 4. Coal gravel in the bass dirt band of middle extrathick coalbeds

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图 5 先锋盆地M₈煤层的灰分产率等值线和煤分层代表性垂向层序(等值线数据来自云南煤田地质局, 1983)

1.泥级; 2.粉砂级; 3.砂级; 4.细砾级; 5.粗砾级; 6.巨砾级

Fig. 5. Isoline of ash of M₈coalbed in Xianfeng basin of Yunnan, Southwest China and the representative vertical bed succession graph of the coal layering

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图 6 小龙潭盆地地质简图与综合地层柱状图(据云南煤田地质局1977年资料编绘)

1.河头煤系; 2.泥灰岩段; 3.主煤段; 4.东升桥和薄煤段; 5.地质界线; 6.正断层; 7.逆断层; 8.向斜轴; 9.砾岩; 10.含砾粗砂岩; 11.中砂岩; 12.细砂岩; 13.粉砂岩; 14.泥质粉砂岩; 15.泥岩; 16.含砾泥岩; 17.含砾中砂岩; 18.含砂泥岩; 19.泥灰岩; 20.灰岩; 21.炭质泥岩; 22.煤层

Fig. 6. Geological sketch map and composite strata column section of Xiaolongtan basin of Yunnan, Southwest China

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图 7 小龙潭盆地主煤层的灰分产率等值线和煤分层代表性垂向层序(等值线数据来自云南煤田地质局, 1977)

粒级比例尺同图 5; 1.煤层; 2.炭质泥岩; 3.煤的滑塌构造; 4.煤的水平纹理; 5.煤的波状纹理; 6.透镜状煤屑; 7.煤化木块或煤砾; 8.煤化树枝; 9.透镜状钙质砂岩; 10.泥岩; 11.泥质细砂岩; 12.粉砂岩; 13.小型交错层理; 14.泥炭三角洲边界; 15.灰分产率(%); 16.河流及流向; 17.村庄与建筑物

Fig. 7. Isoline of ash of main coalbedsin Xiaolongtan basin of Yunnan, Southwest China and the representative vertical bed succession graph of the coal layering

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图 8 煤层中生物壳屑-钙质水下重力流夹矸(a) 及其粒序层理(b)

Fig. 8. Dirt band (a) and its graded bedding (b) in coalbeds formming by underwater biostromal shelly detritus gravity flow

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图 9 生物壳屑-钙质重力流夹矸的波状层理和旋卷层理(a) 及底面的负载构造(负荷模) (b)

Fig. 9. Wavy bedding convolute bedding (a) of dirt band, load bulge (b) in the bottom of dirt band formming by underwater biostromal shelly detritus gravity flow

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表 1 煤层(组) 中选型孢粉组合特征

Table 1. Features of lectotype sporo-pollen combination in the coalbeds

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