黄河上游第四纪河流地貌演化——兼论青藏高原1∶25万新生代地质填图地貌演化调查

张智勇; 于庆文; 张克信; 顾延生; 向树元

黄河上游第四纪河流地貌演化——兼论青藏高原1∶25万新生代地质填图地貌演化调查

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质调查局, 北京 100035

基金项目:

中国地质调查局“民和县幅1∶25万数字地质填图项目” 200213000016

“兴海幅1∶25万地质填图项目” 19961300010122

“阿拉克湖幅1∶25万地质填图项目” 19991300004021

“冬给措纳湖幅1∶25万地质填图项目” 19961300010121

详细信息

作者简介:
张智勇(1964 -), 男, 地质高级工程师, 主要从事青藏高原区域地质填图与研究

中图分类号: P534.63
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2003-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2003-11-25

Geomorphological Evolution of Quaternary River from Upper Yellow River and Geomorphological Evolution Investigation for 1∶250 000 Scale Geological Mapping in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Chinese Geological Survey, Beijing 100035, China

摘要

摘要: 在青藏高原1∶25万地质填图中, 新生代地貌演化调查方法是查明地貌组成的形态、分布、形成年代等特征, 分析地貌成因类型, 研究地貌与构造、气候、沉积的关系, 通过夷平面、河流阶地等反映隆升过程的标志性地貌面调查, 分析地貌发展阶段, 建立区域地貌演化史.由黄河上游羊曲段阶地地貌调查结果, 推断黄河在0.03Ma才切开共和南山.对比黄河上游不同发育地段阶地, 表明黄河上游地貌演化过程是伴随高原阶段隆升而向上游阶段性溯源侵蚀发展的.1.6Ma黄河稳定出现在民和—兰州—临夏, 1.1Ma切开积石峡到达化隆-贵德, 0.15Ma切开龙羊峡出现于共和盆地, 约0.03Ma经历最新抬升事件, 切开贵南南山及西秦岭, 并沟通若尔盖盆地抵达黄河源区.
- 黄河上游 /
- 青藏高原 /
- 地质填图 /
- 地貌演化 /
- 阶地
Abstract: The Cenozoic geomorphological evolution investigation method is used for 1∶250 000 scale geological mapping in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, which clarifies the geomorphological features and geomorphological distributing and their ages and also helps the analysis of geomorphology origin and the relationship of geomorphology, tectonism, climate and sediments. Meanwhile, the investigation of the representatives, planation surfaces and terrace which indicates the uplifting processes also enables us to analyze the geomorphology evolution and reconstruct its history in a certain region. Given the result of investigation on terrace geomorphology in Yangqu of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the authors deduce that Nanshan, Guinan has been cut through by the Yellow River before 0.03 Ma. The comparison between different terraces in various places of the Yellow River indicates that its geomorphological (evolution) is accompanied by episodic uplifting of the Tibet plateau and related episodic toward the source. Four stages can be recognized here. Firstly, in 1.6 Ma, the Yellow River stabilized in Minhe-Lanzhou-Linxia. Secondly, in 1.1 Ma, it cut through Jishi canyon and arrived in Hualong-Guide. Thirdly, in (0.15 Ma), it appeared in the Gonghe basin after splitting Longyan canyon. Fourthly, after the latest uplifting event around, it cut through Nanshan, Guinan and western Qinling, and reached the source of the Yellow River passing Ruoergai basin.
- upper Yellow River /
- Qinghai-Tibet plateau /
- geological mapping /
- geomorphology evolution /
- terrace

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图 1 青海兴海县羊曲黄河河流阶地剖面

Fig. 1. Terrace section of the Yellow River, Yangqu, Xinghai County, Qinghai Province

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图 2 共和盆地南缘新生代地层剖面

Fig. 2. Cenozoic profile from the boundary of southern Gonghe basin

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图 3 黄河上游新生代地质地貌

Fig. 3. Cenozoic geology and geomorphology of upper Yellow River

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表 1 黄河上游各地阶地发育和测年

Table 1. Growth and dating in the parts of upper Yellow River

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