中国岩石风化作用所致的碳汇能力估算

邱冬生; 庄大方; 胡云锋; 姚锐

中国岩石风化作用所致的碳汇能力估算

邱冬生¹,
庄大方¹,
胡云锋¹,
姚锐^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源环境数据中心，北京 100101
2.
中南大学GIS研究中心，湖南长沙 410083

基金项目:

中国科学院知识创新重大方向性项目 KZCX-2-308

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“973项目” 2002CB412505

详细信息

作者简介:
邱冬生(1973—)，男，博士后，现主要从事中国陆地碳循环与全球变化研究

中图分类号: P512.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2003-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2004-03-25

Estimation of Carbon Sink Capacity Caused by Rock Weathering in China

1.
Resources and Environment Data Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.
GIS Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

摘要

摘要: 岩石的风化作用同时参与了短时间尺度和长时间尺度的全球碳循环, 对碳酸盐岩而言, 它的风化作用在短时间尺度上对大气二氧化碳循环具有重要影响, 但在长时间尺度上不产生净碳汇; 而硅酸盐岩等其他类型岩石的风化过程由于反应速率较慢, 在短时间尺度上对全球碳循环及其变化反应不灵敏, 但它所产生的净碳汇是遗漏汇的组成之一.为了准确估计我国岩石风化所致的碳汇能力, 简要评价了现有的各种模型和方法, 并基于GEM-CO₂模型进行了计算.计算结果表明, 我国岩石每年因溶蚀、风化作用共消耗的CO₂约为4.72×10⁷ t, 折合成C为1.41×10⁷ t, 其中由碳酸盐类岩石风化消耗的碳量最多, 约为0.74×10⁷ t/a, 占总量的52.65%.硅酸盐岩及其他类型岩石风化消耗的碳量约为0.67×10⁷ t/a, 占总量的47.35%.岩石风化所致碳汇能力的空间分布首先取决于岩石类型, 其次受地区的气候条件控制.
- 岩石风化 /
- 碳汇过程 /
- 二氧化碳 /
- 中国
Abstract: Rock weathering caused by the carbonic acid reaction with minerals to produce dissolved bicarbonates carried by rivers to the oceans is an important part in carbon cycle. The process causes significant carbon dioxide consumption, the accurate calculation of which may partly explain the missing sink of carbon. The CO₂ uptaken by carbonate dissolution on the continents is counterbalanced by the CO₂ release carbonate precipitation in the ocean. The same is not true for silicate weathering. Silicate weathering is more important than carbonate weathering as a long-term control on atmospheric CO₂. A global erosion model (GEM-CO₂) developed by Amiotte Suchet allows us to calculate the flux of atmospheric/soil CO₂ consumed by chemical erosion of continental rocks. In this paper, the CO₂ consumption by rock weathering in China is estimated based on GEM-CO₂ and the Chinese Resources and Environment Database, whose distribution is shown in a GRID map with a spatial resolution of 1 000 m×1 000 m. The total carbon consumption is about 4.72×10⁷ t/a, about 52.65% of which are caused by carbonate. The model results are close to previous estimation of other researches. The flux of CO₂ consumed by rock weathering increases where carbonate rock outcrops are more abundant and when drainage intensity increases. The results show that the main consumption of CO₂ is localized in Guangxi, Guizhou and Chongqing provinces, and west Hubei Province and southwest Hunan Province, because of a high proportion of carbonate rocks and high humidity in a large area.
- rock weathering /
- carbon sink process /
- carbon dioxide /
- China

HTML全文

图 1 中国的岩石类型、年平均气温(℃)、年平均降水量(mm)、年平均蒸发量(mm)、年平均排流量(mm)、岩石风化消耗CO₂量(mmol·km^-2·s^-1)分布

a.岩石类型: 1.变质岩及深成岩类; 2.酸性火山岩; 3.玄武岩; 4.砂层与砂岩类; 5.页岩类; 6.碳酸盐岩类; 7.蒸发岩类; 9.表层土; b.年平均气温; c.年平均降水量; d.年平均蒸发量; e.年平均排流量; f.岩石风化消耗CO₂量

Fig. 1. Distribution of rock, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, annual evapotranspiration, annual drainage, CO₂ consumption by rock weathering in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各储库碳的平均滞留期(王明星, 1998)

Table 1. Retention periods of different carbon storages

表 2 GEM-CO₂模型系数(Amiotte and Probst, 1993)

Table 2. GEM-CO₂ model index

表 3 风化消耗CO₂估算统计

Table 3. CO₂ consumption by rock weathering

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