Heat Flow Action and Its Control on Natural Gas Migration and Accumulation in Mud-Fluid Diapir Areas in Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 莺歌海盆地是一个在新生代发育起来的南海北部被动大陆边缘的年轻高热盆地, 其高地温场及高大地热流值主要集中于盆地中部坳陷区的泥-流体底辟构造带.因此, 底辟发育演化与热流体上侵活动, 尤其是上新世晚期的热流体活动控制了天然气及CO2的运聚与成藏特征.同时, 由于热流体上侵活动的分区分块与分层的局部性侵入, 导致了壳源型和壳幔混合型CO2及烃类气运聚富集的分区分块与分层的局部富集特点.总之, 泥-流体底辟作用中热流体上侵活动是控制天然气尤其是CO2运聚乃至富集成藏的主导因素, 而壳源型和壳幔混合型CO2等非烃气与烃类气运聚成藏时间及运聚通道的差异, 则是控制和制约烃类气与非烃气差异运聚及富集成藏的关键.根据本区CO2等非烃气与烃类气的地化特征及运聚规律, 可以分析和预测其运聚成藏模式, 为天然气勘探部署提供依据.Abstract: The Yinggehai basin is a young but high geotemperature basin that was developed in the Cenozoic at the northern continental margin of South China Sea. Its high geotemperature and heat flow fields are mainly located in the mud-fluid diapir structure areas in the center of the basin. The development and evolution of the mud-fluid diapir, especially the upwelling of heat flow in the Late Pliocene, is closely related with the migration and accumulation of natural gas and carbon dioxide. The local invasion of heat flow, whose distribution is inhomogeneous in different zones and formations, leads to the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide sourced from crust and mantle to hold the same characteristics. While the upwelling of heat flow in mud-fluid diapir areas is the main factor that influences the migration, accumulation and reservoir formation of hydrocarbon gas, especially carbon dioxide. The time and paths of migration and accumulation differences between crust-sourced and mantle-sourced non-hydrocarbon gas and hydrocarbon gas are the keys to the accumulation and reservoirs formation. Based on the geochemical characteristics and migration and accumulation features of non-hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon gas, we can study and predict the model of their migration and accumulation to provide the references for natural gas exploration.
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图 2 莺歌海盆地主要成藏地史期流体包裹体测温与现今储层温度对比(中科院矿床所分析, 1996)
Fig. 2. Comparison of homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and present temperatures in Yinggehai basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地第三系不同区带热演化特征(Ro) 剖面对比
Fig. 3. Comparison of vitrinite reflectance rate in different structural zones of Yinggehai basin
图 4 莺歌海盆地第三系不同区带热流体侵入与粘土矿物演化及CO2富集特征
Fig. 4. Smectite content in mixed layer of illite and smectite, in diapir and non-diapir areas, Yinggehai basin
图 5 莺-琼盆地天然气总体组成特征对比
Fig. 5. Comparison of composition of natural gas between Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins
表 1 莺歌海盆地不同构造单元及区带地温梯度、大地热流分布特征
Table 1. Distribution of geotemperature gradient and geothermal heat flow in different zones of Yinggehai basin
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