Meticulous Depiction Methodology and Application of Complicated Structures of Reciprocal Thin Layers in Northern Songliao Basin
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摘要: 随着勘探开发的深入, 小断块、小砂体及其隐蔽圈闭所形成的油气藏越来越具有商业价值.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造发育, 幅度5~10m的小幅度构造、断距3~5m的小断层、1~2m厚的薄砂体都可能对油气富集起到重要作用, 其精细刻画需要一系列新的技术方法.根据研究区的地质条件和地震资料的情况, 研究了高精度合成地震记录制作方法、三维相干数据体技术及相干切片断层多边形提取方法以及二维叠偏成图精确空间归位方法等.通过这些方法实现了地震地质层位精细标定、断层的精细解释和二维叠偏成图.这些方法在松辽盆地北部的应用表明, 在断层的延伸位置、破碎带宽度等方面, 解释精度比常规方法有很大提高, 并能识别出断距仅为3~5m的小断层, 在二维工区获得了高精度的成图结果, 不仅提高了构造的解释精度, 而且提高了解释的效率.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画是油藏描述和建立精细地质模型的基础.Abstract: Small fault blocks, small sand bodies and the related subtle traps have gained greater commercial value with the growth in oil and gas exploration and development. The complicated structures of reciprocal thin layers developed in northern Songliao basin, such as small structures with altitudes 5-10m, small faults with throws 3-5m and thin sand bodies 1- 2m thick, play an important role in the accumulation of oil and gas. The meticulous depiction of these complicated structures requires a set of new techniques. We have developed some methods including high precision synthetic seismograms, coherency cubes and fault polygon information extraction, and precise spatial migration technology for 2-D migration sections, according to the geology and seismic data of the northern Songliao basin. We realized meticulous calibration of seismic-geologic horizons, meticulous interpretation of faults and 2-D poststack migration mapping, using those methods. Their application to the northern Songliao basin shows that they can improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault interpretation, such as in defining the extent of faults and the width of their fracture zones, as well as defining small faults with only 3-5m throws. Meticulous depiction of complicated structures of reciprocal thin layers in northern Songliao basin provides a base for reservoir description and the construction of precise geological models.
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图 1 升深1井合成记录与井旁地震记录对比
Fig. 1. Comparison between synthetic seismograms and seismic trace of Shengshen 1
图 2 古龙地区英38井层位精细标定
Fig. 2. Meticulous calibration of seismic-geologic horizons of Ying 38 in Gulong area
图 3 松辽盆地北部兴城相干数据体(部分)
Fig. 3. Coherency cube of Xingcheng in the north of the Songliao basin (part)
图 4 相干时间切片与垂直地震剖面在T1层的对比
Fig. 4. Correspondence between time coherency slice and vertical seismic profile of T1 layer
图 5 英台1 430 ms相干时间切片和断层多边形检测
a.相干时间切片; b.在a上检测出的断层多边形
Fig. 5. Time coherency slice at 1 430 ms and extracting fault polygons
表 1 源13井区T2层构造图对井误差统计
Table 1. Errors comparing with drilling datum of T2 structural map in the area of Yuan 13 well
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