南海ODP1143站上新世至更新世天文年代标尺的建立

田军; 汪品先; 成鑫荣; 李前裕

南海ODP1143站上新世至更新世天文年代标尺的建立

同济大学海洋地质教育部重点实验室, 上海 200092

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40476027

国家自然科学基金项目 40306011

国家自然科学基金项目 4999560

国家自然科学基金项目 40321603

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 G2000078500

详细信息

作者简介:
田军(1974-), 男, 讲师, 从事海洋地质学的科研与教学工作. E-mail: tianjun@mail.tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P534.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2004-11-26
- 刊出日期: 2005-01-25

Establishment of the Plio-Pleistocene Astronomical Timescale of ODP Site 1143, Southern South China Sea

Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

摘要

摘要: 基于底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O的精确的年代标尺是古海洋学研究的基础, 特别是长度超过5 Ma, 分辨率小于5 ka的连续δ¹⁸O记录在全球大洋深海记录中更是凤毛麟角.在大西洋和东太平洋已经建立起了类似的代表性剖面, 如大西洋ODP659站和东太平洋ODP846站, 但在对全球气候有着重要影响的“西太平洋暖池区”还没有建立起这样的剖面.以南海大洋钻探184航次1143站底栖有孔虫的δ¹⁸O为材料, 建立了西太平洋地区跨越5 Ma、分辨率达2~ 3 ka的天文年代标尺.天文调谐的基本原理参照Imbrie et al.(1984), 并将斜率周期上8 ka的相位差和岁差周期上5 ka的相位差从晚更新世扩展到5 Ma; 调谐目标选用Laskar(1990)的斜率和岁差; 调谐方法采用了有别于ODP659站和ODP846站的自动轨道调谐方法(Yu and Ding, 1998).调谐结果显示, 1143站190.77 m、191个冰期、间冰期的深海沉积记录了5.02 Ma的南海古海洋学历史; 1143站布容/松山磁性反转事件的年龄为0.78 Ma, 与前人研究结果一致; 15个识别出的浮游有孔虫生物事件年龄部分与已经发表过的年龄相吻合, 部分为该生物事件在南沙海区的新年龄.由年代标尺推导出的南海沉积特征显示, 2.9 Ma是沉积速率的一个转折点, 在此之前, 平均线性沉积速率只有39.5 m/Ma, 冰期、间冰期平均波动幅度为50 m/Ma; 2.9 Ma以后, 平均线性沉积速率猛然上升到65.4 m/Ma, 冰期、间冰期平均波动幅度为200 m/Ma.此外, 南海的沉积速率还显示出冰期或间冰期中的亚冰阶沉积速率高, 而相邻的间冰期或亚间冰阶的沉积速率低, 这种特点在更新世尤为典型.这可能与全球冰量变化带来的冰期、间冰期差异性风化剥蚀和搬运有关.
- 南海 /
- ODP1143站 /
- 上新世 /
- 更新世 /
- 天文年代标尺
Abstract: An accurate timescale derived from benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O is crucial to paleoceanographic studies. In global oceans, there are few continuous δ¹⁸O records for the benthic foraminifers which span the past 5 Ma and have time resolution better than 5 ka. Such representative profiles have been established for ODP Site 659 in the Atlantic and ODP Site 846 in the east Pacific, but still have been absent in the"Western Pacific Warm Pool", an area playing an important role in global climate changes. Based on the benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O of ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea, we establish a 5 Ma astronomical timescale for the west Pacific Plio-Pleistocene, with a time resolution of ~ 2-3 ka. The phases are fixed at 8 ka and 5 ka for the obliquity and precession bands respectively, and have been applied throughout the whole records. Obliquity and precession are calculated and treated as the tuning targets.An automatic orbital tuning method has been applied in this study, which is more efficient than those used at ODP Site 659 and 846. The results show that the 190.77 m long deep sea sediments in the South China Sea have recorded a paleoceanographic history of ~ 5.02 Ma, corresponding to 191 glacial/interglacial cycles. The tuned Brunhes/Matuyama paleomagnetic polarity reversal agrees well with an age of 0.78 Ma dated previously. The tuned ages for several planktonic foraminifer bio-events also agree well with published dates, and new ages for some other bio-events in the South China Sea are also estimated. The sedimentation rates calculated from this new timescale indicate that 2.9 Ma is a threshold for the sedimentation rate in the location of Site 1143. Before this time, the average sedimentation rate is ~ 39.5 m/Ma, with a small amplitude of ~ 50 m/Ma.After this time, the average sedimentation rate jumped to ~ 65.4 m/Ma, with an amplitude as large as 200 m/Ma. In addition, the sedimentation ratesin the southern South China Sea were higher during glacials or stadials but lower during interglacials orinterstadials, especially in the late Pleistocene period. This feature might be related to the global ice volume changes, which caused different erosion, denudation and transportation during glacials and interglacials.
- South China Sea /
- ODP Site 1143 /
- Pliocene /
- Pleistocene /
- astronomical timescale
注释:

1) ^*本文英文版主要内容曾发表于Tian et al., 2002.Astronomically tuned Plio-Pleistocene benthic δ¹⁸O records from South China Sea and Atlantic-Pacific comparison.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 203:1015-1029.中文版对天文调谐的原理和方法作了详细介绍, 另外增加了从该年代标尺推论出的南海冰期间、冰期沉积特征方面的内容.

HTML全文

图 1 ODP1143站底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O随合成深度的变化

箭头指示布容/嵩山古地磁极性反转事件和浮游有孔虫事件.数字代表选择的氧同位素期次

Fig. 1. Benthic foraminifer δ¹⁸O record from ODP Site 1143 plotted against the composite depth (mcd)

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图 2 ODP1143站底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O 5Ma天文调谐的年代表与Shackleton 6 Ma合成的δ¹⁸O曲线(Shackleton et al., 1983, 1990, 1995)

Fig. 2. Correlation of ODP 1143 δ¹⁸O data with Shackleton's 6 Ma composite δ¹⁸O curve

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图 3 南海南部ODP1143站底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O与地球轨道参数ETP的交叉频谱分析

a.0~1 Ma; b.1~2 Ma; c.2~3 Ma; d.3~4 Ma; e.4~5 Ma.正交化后的频谱强度使用对数坐标(log).实线代表ETP的频谱, 虚线代表同位素的频谱, 点划线代表相关系数(coherency) 的频谱.相关系数的频谱使用双曲线反切数坐标(hyperbolic arctangent).上下的水平实线分别代表相关系数代表超过95%和80%的检验标准.灰色的长方条分别代表 10万年、4.1万年、2.3万年和1.9万年的米兰科维奇周期范围.ETP是正交化后的偏心率、斜率和负岁差的总和.采用Laskar90 (1990) 地球轨道计算方案

Fig. 3. Cross spectrum analyses of δ¹⁸O with ETP for different time intervals

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图 4 南海南部ODP1143站底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O在斜率和岁差上的滤波曲线与斜率(8 ka滞后) 和岁差(5 ka滞后) 的对比

实线为滤波曲线, 虚线为斜率或岁差.斜率周期上的滤波中心频率为0.024 39 ka^-1, 带宽为0.040 ka^-1, 岁差周期上的滤波中心频率为0.047 62 ka^-1, 带宽为0.015 ka^-1.采用Turkey滤波方法(Yu and Ding, 1998)

Fig. 4. Site 1143 δ¹⁸O record filtered at the obliquity (41 ka) and precession (23 ka) bands (solid lines) compared with orbital obiliquity (8 ka lagged) and precession (5 ka lagged) (dashed lines)

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图 5 南海南部ODP1143站5 Ma来的线性沉积速率

a.5 Ma以来5点平滑后的沉积速率; b.上部曲线为1143站底栖有孔虫Cibicidoides的δ¹⁸O, 下部曲线为60万年以来5点平滑后的沉积速率, 图中数字代表氧同位素期次

Fig. 5. Sedimentation rate of ODP Site 1143 (0-5 Ma) after 5 points running smoothing

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图 6 南海南部ODP1143站5 Ma来沉积速率与底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O值的关系

灰线代表底栖有孔虫δ¹⁸O值的一元线性回归趋势线

Fig. 6. Relationship between the benthic δ¹⁸O and sedimentation rate of ODP Site 1143 (0-5 Ma), southern South China Sea

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表 1 ODP1143站浮游有孔虫事件的年龄

Table 1. Ages for ODP Site 1143 planktonic foraminifer bio-events

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