松辽盆地中部后裂谷早期正断层系形成机制

龚发雄; 单业华; 林舸; 李自安; 刘士林

松辽盆地中部后裂谷早期正断层系形成机制

龚发雄^{1, 2,},
单业华¹,
林舸¹,
李自安¹,
刘士林^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所, 广东广州 510640
2.
中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

基金项目:

中国科学院“百人计划”启动项目 KZCX0543081001

国家自然科学基金面上项目 40672144

详细信息

作者简介:
龚发雄（1981—）, 男, 在读博士, 主要从事盆地构造及构造数值模拟研究.E-mail：gongfaxiong@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: P631.4; P618.130.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2007-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2008-07-25

Mechanism of Early Post-Rift Normal Faults in the Central Songliao Basin, Northeastern China

GONG Fa-xiong^{1, 2
,},
DAN Ye-hua¹,
LIN Ge¹,
LI Zi-an¹,
LIU Shi-lin^{1, 2}

1.
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 在松辽盆地后裂谷早期的沉积地层里广泛发育着一个长度相对短、走向变化相对大的正断层系.大庆太平屯区块高精度三维地震勘探结果的构造研究表明, 该层伸展率可达0.0594±0.0209, 由此向上或向下发生明显的减少.这与裂谷盆地地层的伸展率自下而上一般呈单调递减是不一致的, 意味着单纯的区域拉伸不能够解释这种反常现象.笔者认为在成岩过程中沉积物可能发生的体积收缩应该是导致这种伸展率异常的主要原因.文中分析了造成体积收缩的3种可能机制: 生烃、伊利石化脱水和压实收缩, 其中最主要的是压实收缩机制.此外, 构造应力场也明显地影响着该断层系的形成, 造成断层走向分布具有一定的方向性.
- 正断层系 /
- 形成机制 /
- 体积收缩 /
- 后裂谷早期 /
- 松辽盆地
Abstract: In the Songliao basin, a network of normal faults, characterized by relative variability in strike and short length, was widely produced in sediments accumulated during the early post rifting.Based upon 3-D high-resolution seismic data from the Taipingtun block in the Daqing oilfield, a systematic study of faults in the block was made in this paper.Calculated extensional strain is 0.0594±0.0209 in these rocks, and turns markedly smaller in the above or the below layers.This is inconsistent with the generally monotonous increase of extensional strain in rift basin with buried depth, implying that the simple regional extension could not account for this abnormal phenomenon, in turn.Volumetric contraction in the process of compaction, in our opinion, is the main reason for this phenomenon.Three main possible mechanisms for such layer-parallel shortening are hydrocarbon generation, transformation from smectite to illite, and lateral compaction, among which the last is considered the most important mechanism in this case.In addition, the preferred orientation of these normal faults indicates the influence of tectonic stress, although relatively slight, on their propagation.
- normal fault system /
- mechanism /
- volumetric contraction /
- early post rifting /
- Songliao basin

HTML全文

图 1 研究区的位置(a); T₁、T₂、和T₃反射层断层迹线图(b, c, d); 走向玫瑰花园(e, f, g)

断层迹线图中的实线和虚线分别代表着NW-SE (实线) 和E-W (虚线) 2个方向上的伸展量测量线

Fig. 1. Location of the study area (a), and fault trace maps (b, c, d) and their rosettes (e, f, g) in seismic reflection layers T₁, T₂, and T₃

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图 2 太平屯区块T₁、T₂、T_2-3y、T₃和T₄反射层的断层长度频率图

Fig. 2. Fault length frequency diagrams in the seismic reflection layers T₁, T₂, T_2-3y, T₃ and T₄ in Taipingtun block

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图 3 NW-SE (实线) 和E-W (虚线) 2个方向上不同反射层位的实测应变范围及平均值

Fig. 3. The range of extensional strain and its average value measured in NW-SE and E-W directed scan lines in the different layers

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图 4 Mackunda地区多边形断层系迹线图(Watterson, 2000)

Fig. 4. The traces of polygonal faults in the Mackunda zone (Watterson, 2000)

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图 5 Cartwright and Lonergan (1996)的压实收缩模型

在该模型中岩层两侧被固定, 变形层被限定在垂向上变化.在这种情况下, 正断层发育的唯一的途径是原始的层长在压实过程中收缩, 层长的收缩平衡了因断层形成而产生的伸展应变

Fig. 5. A model of volumetric contraction proposed by Cartwright and Lonergan (1996)

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图 6 不同压缩比下泥岩横向收缩率与埋深的关系

虚线框是T_2-3y反射层的现今埋深和应变测量值的约束范围

Fig. 6. Relationship between lateral shortening ratio and burial depth for variable ratio of horizontal to vertical shortening in contraction

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表 1 研究区不同反射层不同测线(图 1b-1d) 上获得的伸展率

Table 1. Extensional strain measured along the scan lines (see Fig. 1b-1d) in the seismic reflection layers in the study area

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