Radiolarian Assemblages in Surface Sediments of the South China Sea and Their Marine Environmental Correlations
-
摘要: 南海拥有较齐全的边缘海地理地貌与生态环境, 沉积物中保存的放射虫种类繁多, 个体丰富.本文采用数理统计与聚类分析方法, 对表层沉积物中放射虫的组合特征进行了较为详细的定量分析, 以期获得可靠的放射虫组合与分布的特征.聚类分析结果显示, 放射虫组合在南海表层沉积物中的分布大致可区分为5种类型: 陆架浅水区型、陆坡珊瑚礁区型、中央海盆区型、南部富营养区型和夏季上升流区型, 它们分别对应于特有的海洋环境, 并由含有某些优势种类的放射虫群落所组成.进一步分析还表明, 南海的北部、中部和南部分别表现为3个不同生态环境的海区: 北部海区受陆源影响较为明显; 中部海区被中央水团、海底火山活动和夏季上升流活动所控制; 南部海区总体上属于典型的珊瑚礁海洋环境, 生态与沉积环境明显优越于北部海区.南海表层沉积物中放射虫的组合分布特征较好地响应和反映了所在海区的生态环境与沉积条件, 是探讨古海洋环境的重要依据.Abstract: The South China Sea (SCS) features relatively complete physiographical units and ecologic environments of marginal sea, where there are a lot of radiolarian species and specimens preserved in the sediments.Methodsof quantitative statistics and clustering were used in this paper to analyze the radiolarian assemblages in surface sediments of the SCS so as to obtain their characteristics of compositions and distributions.Result of clustering analysis shows that the radiolarian assemblage in the surface sediments may be mainly divided into five groups, namely, assemblages of shallow shelf, coral slope, central basin, southern rich nutrition and summer upwelling, corresponding to different special marine environments respectively and consisting of certain radiolarian communities of dominant species.It is also indicated that the northern, central and southern SCS take on as three different ecologic costal areas respectively, such as the north affected mostly by terrigenous input, the central area controlled mainly by the central basin waters, submarine volcanic and summer upwelling activities, and the south generally belonging to a typical coral environment where there is a better ecologic and sedimental environment for radiolarian than in the northern SCS.The radiolarian assemblages and distributions in the SCS surface sediments are well responding to and reveal the marine ecologic conditions and sedimental environments, which may be important evidences for paleoceanographic exploration.
-
Key words:
- Radiolarian /
- assemblage character /
- marine environment /
- surface sediment /
- South China Sea
-
图 1 南海表层沉积物中放射虫组合的站位聚类树状图
Fig. 1. Hierarchical cluster diagram of sampling stations analyzed using radiolarian assemblage similarity in the South China Sea surface sediments
图 2 南海表层沉积物中放射虫组合的区域分布
Ⅰ.陆架浅水区; Ⅱ-1.陆坡珊瑚礁区; Ⅱ-2.冬季上升流区; Ⅲ.中央海盆区; Ⅳ.南部富营养区; Ⅴ.夏季上升流区
Fig. 2. Sketch map showing regional distributions of radiolarian assemblages in the South China Sea surface sediments
-
Abelmann, A., Gowing, M. M., 1996. Horizontal and vertical distribution pattern of living radiolarians along a transect from the southern ocean to the South Atlantic subtropical region. Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ, 43 (3): 361-382. doi: 10.1016/0967-0637(96)00003-9 Abelmann, A., Gowing, M. M., 1997. Spatial distribution pattern of living polycystine radiolarian taxa-baseline study for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the southern ocean (Atlantic sector). Marine Micropaleontology, 30 (1-3): 3-28. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(96)00021-7 Broecker, W. S., Peng, F. H., 1982. Tracers in the sea. Eldigio Press, New York, 679. Casey, R. E., 1971. Radiolarian as indicators of past andpresent water-masses. In: Funnell, B., Riedel, W. R., eds., The micropalaeontology of oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 331-337. Chen, M. H., Cai, H. M., Tu, X., et al., 1996. Late Quaternary microbiotas and environment of the Nansha Islands and adjacent sea. Ocean Press, Beijing, 1-210 (in Chinese). Chen, M. H., Tan, Z. Y., 1997. Radiolarian distribution in surface sedi ments of the northern and central South China Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 32 (1-2): 173-194. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(97)00019-4 Chen, M. H., Zhang, L. L., Zhang, L. L., et al., 2008. Distributions of radiolarian diversity and abundancein surface sediments of the South China Sea and its environmental implications. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 33 (4): 431-442. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2008.058 Chen, W. B., 1987. Radiolaria in surface sedi ments of the South China Sea. Donghai Marine Science, 5 (1-2): 60-76 (in Chinese with English abstract). Cui, X. J., Xiang, R., Zheng, F., et al., 2006. A preliminary study of living planktonic foraminifera distribution and its affecting factors in southern South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 25 (4): 25-30 (in Chinese with English abstract). Haeckel, E., 1887. Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years1873-1876. "Chall". Rept., Zoology, 18: i-clxxxviii, 1-1803, pls. 1-140. Itaki, T., 2003. Depth-related radiolarian assemblage in the water-column and surface sedi ments of the Japan Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 47 (3-4): 253-270. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00119-6 Kling, S. A., 1979. Vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the central North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology, 4: 295-318. doi: 10.1016/0377-8398(79)90022-7 Lin, H. Y., Han, W. Y., 2001. Distribution of nutrients in the Nansha Islands waters. Marine Science, 25 (10): 12-14 (in Chinese). Liu, Q., Jiang, X., Xie, S. P., et al., 2004. Agap in the IndoPacific warm pool over the South China Sea in boreal winter: Seasonal development and interannual variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109 (C07012), doi: 10.1029/2003JC002179,1-10. Lu, J., Chen, M. H., Chen, Z., 2006. Distribution of diatoms in the water and surface sedi ments of southern South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin, 51 (Suppl. Ⅱ): 60-70 (in Chinese). Nigrini, C. A., 1967. Radiolaria in pelagic sedi ments from the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Tech. Ser., 11: 1-109, pls. 1-9. Nigrini, C. A., 1968. Radiolaria from eastern tropical Pacific sediments. Micropaleontology, 14 (1): 51-63, pl. 1. Nigrini, C. A., 1971. Radiolarian zonation in the Quaternary of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. In: Funnell, B. M., Riedel, eds., The micropaleontology of oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 443-461. Petrushevskaya, M. G., 1971. Radiolaria in the plankton and recent sediments fromthe Indian Ocean and Antarctic. In: Funnell, B. M., Riedel, W. R., eds., The micropaleontology of oceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 319-329. Qiu, C. Z., 1983. Astudy on the characteristics and distribution of ferromanganese sediment and volcanic debris sediment in South China Sea. Tropic Oceanology, 2 (4): 269-277 (in Chinese with English abstract). Renz, G. W., 1976. The distribution and ecology of radiolaria in the central Pacific plankton and surface sedi ments. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, (22): 1-267, pls. 1-8. Reshetnyak, V. V., 1955. Vertikalnoe raspredelenie radiolayarii Kurilo-Kamchatskoi vpadiny. Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk. U. S. S. R. , 21: 94-101. Shi, X. B., Qiu, X. L., Xia, K. Y., et al., 2003. Characteristics of surface heat flowinthe South China Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 22 (3): 265-277. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00059-2 Wyrki, K., 1961. Physical oceanography of the Southeast Asian waters: Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. NAGA Rep. 1961, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif. . 2: 1-195. Xie, S. P., Xie, Q., Wang, D. X., et al., 2003. Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108 (C8), 3261, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001867,1-13. Zhang, L. L., Chen, M. H., Lu, J., et al., 2005. Living polycystine radiolarian fauna in upper water column of southern South China Sea and its distribution. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 24 (3): 55-64 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhao, H. T., 1996. Physical geography of Nansha Islands. Science Press, Beijing, 1-402 (in Chinese). 陈木宏, 蔡慧梅, 涂霞, 等, 1996. 南沙群岛及邻近海区晚第四纪的微体生物与环境. 北京: 海洋出版社, 1-210. 陈木宏, 张兰兰, 张丽丽, 等, 2008. 南海表层沉积物中放射虫多样性与丰度的分布与环境. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 33 (4): 431-442. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200804002.htm 陈文斌, 1987. 南海中部表层沉积物中的放射虫. 东海海洋, 5 (1-2): 60-76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DHHY1987Z1009.htm 崔喜江, 向荣, 郑范, 等, 2006. 南海南部活体浮游有孔虫分布特征及其影响因素初探. 热带海洋学报, 25 (4): 25-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2006.04.005 林洪瑛, 韩舞鹰, 2001. 南沙群岛海域营养盐分布的研究. 海洋科学, 25 (10): 12-14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3096.2001.10.004 陆钧, 陈木宏, 陈忠, 2006. 南海南部现代水体与表层沉积硅藻的分布特征. 科学通报, 51 (增刊Ⅱ): 66-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB2006S3012.htm 丘传珠, 1983. 南海铁锰沉积物和火山碎屑沉积物特征及其分布规律的研究. 热带海洋, 2 (4): 269-277. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY198304002.htm 张兰兰, 陈木宏, 陆钧, 等, 2005. 南海南部上层水体中多孔放射虫的组成与分布特征. 热带海洋学报, 24 (3): 55-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2005.03.008 赵焕庭, 1996. 南沙群岛自然地理. 北京: 科学出版社, 1-402. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3902
- HTML全文浏览量: 640
- PDF下载量: 83
- 被引次数: 0
