Sedimentary Characteristics of Shallow-Water Deltas in Chang 8 Oil-Bearing Interval in Eastern Gansu, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区上三叠统长8油层组构造稳定，气候湿润，坡度仅为0.1°，具备形成浅水三角洲的地质条件.通过大量岩心观察和地震反射特征分析，并结合现代浅水湖泊沉积特征，综合研究认为，陇东地区长8沉积时期水体较浅，发育浅水三角洲沉积.其主要沉积特征为：岩石成分成熟度较低，结构成熟度中等，粒度概率曲线表现出明显的牵引流特征；三角洲前缘河口坝和重力流沉积不发育，河道频繁分叉改道，延伸较远，砂体规模较大；浅水三角洲前缘相带分布范围广，与三角洲平原之间无明显的坡折带，不具备吉尔伯特型三角洲的三元结构.浅水三角洲前缘分流河道砂体分布广泛，纵横叠置，其成藏条件优越，利于岩性油气藏的形成.Abstract: The Chang 8 oil-bearing interval of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the north-western Ordos Basin was deposited in a stable tectonic setting and it was favorable in terms of geological condition for the shallow-water deltas with the humid climate and the slope gradient at only 0.1°. It is found that shallow water delta was developed during Chang 8 deposition by a great number of core observations, seismic reflection characteristics analysis and modern shallow water lake sediments. It is chcharacterized with low component maturity and middle textural maturity, traction current deposits indicated by grain-size probability curves. In the study area, the mouth bar and the gravity flow deposits are not well developed, and the river has been branched off or diverted frequently due to the lake water obstruction and are widely distributed to a long distance with larger scales. The delta front facies belt is characterized by its wide distribution, the gently connecting of delta plain and delta front with no obvious transition. And three-member structure of the Gilbert Delta is not developed. Therefore, the sandbodies of distributary channels are widely distributed, overlapping vertically, and extending laterally, which is favorable for the formation of lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir.
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Key words:
- Ordos basin /
- eastern Gansu /
- Chang 8 oil-bearing interval /
- shallow-water deltas /
- sediments /
- oil bearing formation
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分及研究区位置
Fig. 1. Tectonic units of Ordos basin and location of the study area
图 2 陇东地区长8油层组岩性中植物叶片、植物根迹化石
a.里91井，2 406.4 m，长8，芦木化石；b.里91井，2 405.2 m，长8，炭化植物茎叶；c.环67井，2 550.2 m，长8，芦木化石；d.里81井，2 206 m，长8，西伯利亚似银杏叶片；e.里58井，长8，2 259.5 m，炭化植物茎叶；f.白428井，2 336.8 m，长8，芦木化石；g.罗29井，2 418.4 m，长8，植物垂直根系；h.白233井，2 235.9 m，长8，植物垂直根系
Fig. 2. Plant leaf and root fossils in cores of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval in eastern Gansu
图 3 陇东地区长8油层组岩心中的煤线
a.里91井，长8油层，2 405.6 m，煤线；b.里81井，长8油层，2 270.7 m，煤线；c.罗21井，长8油层，2 431.4 m，煤线
Fig. 3. Coal seem in cores of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval in eastern Gansu
图 4 陇东地区长8油层组岩心中的垂直虫孔
a.里52井，2 433.76 m，长8，生物垂直虫孔；b.庄20井，1 862.8 6 m，长8，生物垂直虫孔；c.罗29井，2 408.5 m，长8，生物垂直虫孔
Fig. 4. Vertical burrows in cores of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval in eastern Gansu
图 5 陇东地区长8油层组沉积构造
a.里81井，2 278.96 m，长8，冲刷面构造；b.镇81井，2 231.5 m，长8，泥砾及冲刷面构造；c.城75井，2 154.4 m，长8，包卷层理；d.环49井，2 908.2 m，长8，交错层理；e.里29井，2 443.34 m，长8，波状层理；f.白233，2 232.2 m，长8，槽状交错层理
Fig. 5. Sedimentary structure of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval in east Gansu
图 6 陇东地区长8油层组砂岩粒度概率累积曲线(φ是对颗粒大小取2的对数)
Fig. 6. Diagram of grain size probability of Chang 8 oil-bearing interval in east Gansu
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