Taoxi Uplift of Wuyi Metallogenic Belt, Its Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny
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摘要: 武夷山成矿带内矿区的最大特征就是分布有老地层和岩浆岩.老地层集中分布区——桃溪隆起区是武夷山隆起的一部分, 表现为变质核杂岩的特征, 其中分布着大中型铜多金属矿床和大量的多金属矿点, 如紫金山铜金矿、岩背锡矿和红山铜矿, 它们是武夷山成矿带乃至中国东部的典型特征.主要矿床的成矿年龄集中于130~90 Ma, 属燕山晚期; 成矿特征表现为斑岩型-岩浆热液型铜多金属矿.成矿斑岩体成岩时代90~140 Ma, 多为燕山期复式杂岩体的中晚期, 桃溪隆起区这种时空一致性是由于中生代晚期岩石圈拆沉的产物.桃溪隆起区在中生代晚期经历了岩石圈加厚期后的拆沉、软流圈物质侵入、岩浆作用及其伴随的成矿作用.这些认识对该区找矿部署具有重要的意义.Abstract: Taoxi uplift is a part of Wuyishan uplift and occurs as metamorphic core complexes. There are abundant medium to large scale copper and polymetallic ore deposits distributed in the uplift, such as the super large scale Zijinshan copper-gold deposit, super large Yanbei tin deposit, and large scale Hongshan copper deposit. This area is representative of a rich segment of Wuyi metallogenic belt. The main geochronology dating of mineralization concentrates in the range of 130-90 Ma, the late Yanshan period. The ore deposits, as well as most copper-gold ore deposits located in Taoxi uplift are of porphyry-magmatic hydrothermal type. Geochronology dating of ore bearing porphyry stocks is 94-140 Ma, the middle to late period derivatives of Yanshan magmatic complex resulted from interaction of crust with mantle and the lithosphere delamination in the Late Mesozoic. Taoxi Uplift is characterized by lithosphere thickening and delamination, intrusion of the asthenosphere matter and magmatism, and accompanied mineralization.
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Key words:
- Taoxi uplift region /
- metamorphic core complex /
- Zijinshan /
- Late Yanshan /
- ore deposit /
- metallogeny
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表 1 几种矿床同位素年龄
Table 1. Isotope ages of several mineral deposits
矿床名称 成矿年龄(Ma) 同位素测年方法 测试样品 资料来源 紫金山罗卜岭成矿花岗闪长斑岩 105±7.2 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 张德全等,2001 紫金山铜金矿床 104.54±1.7 40Ar/39Ar 蚀变黑云母 张德全等,2005 紫金山铜金矿床金矿石 100±3 流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线 石英 陈好寿,1996 紫金山矿床碧田金银矿石 91.47±0.39 40Ar/39Ar 与矿石矿物共生的冰长石 刘晓东和华仁民,2005 岩背含锡石石英脉 125.5±6.1 Rb-Sr等时线 石英 梅玉萍等,2007 岩背锡矿 120.2±5.3 Re-Os模式年龄 辉钼矿 邱检生等,2005 岩背苦竹岽锡矿 114.0±1.6 Re-Os模式年龄 辉钼矿 邱检生等,2005 红山铜矿大山含铜石英脉 98.8±1.5 K-Ar法 石英 周济元等,1998a 红山铜矿牛牯远含铜石英脉 97.1±1.9 K-Ar法 石英 周济元等,1998a 表 2 几种矿床成矿岩体同位素年龄
Table 2. Isotope ages of ore-forming porphyry in several mineral deposits
岩体名称 成岩年龄(Ma) 同位素测年方法 测试样品 资料来源 紫金山次火山侵入体 133±6 微量锆石U-Pb法 锆石 陈好寿,1996 紫金山次火山侵入体 118±4 微量锆石U-Pb法 锆石 陈好寿,1996 四坊石英闪长玢岩 102±9 Rb-Sr 全岩 陈好寿,1996 四坊花岗闪长岩 107.8±1.2 U-Pb法 单颗粒锆石 毛建仁等,2004 四坊花岗闪长岩 103.1±0.6 Ar-Ar法 角闪石 毛建仁等,2004 四坊花岗闪长岩 99.4±0.5 Ar-Ar法 钾长石 毛建仁等,2004 罗卜岭花岗闪长岩 100±1 Rb-Sr 全岩 陈好寿,1996 紫金山铜金矿床流纹岩 94±7.7 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 张德全等,2001 岩背流纹质火山岩 123.3±1.3 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 刘昌实等,1994 岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩 114.1±0.7 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 刘昌实等,1994 岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩 128.1±3.3 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 梅玉萍等,2007 岩背花岗斑岩 114.1±0.6 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 沈渭洲和凌洪飞,1994 塌山花岗斑岩 117.5±5.6 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 沈渭洲和凌洪飞,1994 岩背火山岩 138±1 K-Ar法 矿化蚀变绢英岩 黄常立等,1997 岩背清溪花岗岩 134±2 K-Ar法 矿化蚀变绢英岩 黄常立等,1997 岩背花岗岩 128±1 K-Ar法 矿化蚀变绢英岩 黄常立等,1997 岩背矿化蚀变绢英岩 118 K-Ar法 矿化蚀变绢英岩 黄常立等,1997 岩背密坑山花岗岩 124.5±0.7 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 邱检生等,2005 岩背密坑山花岗斑岩 114.1±0.6 Rb-Sr等时线 全岩 王德滋等,1994 表 3 3个矿床稳定同位素和放射性同位数特征
Table 3. Isotope ratios of Zijinshan, Hongshan and Yanbei deposits
矿床 δ18O(‰,SMOW) δ34S(‰) 其他同位素特征 资料来源 紫金山铜金矿 11.05~12.25(花岗岩类),9.57~10.61(英安玢岩),11.20(隐爆角砾岩),10.80(蚀变矿物绢云母),11.57(明矾石),10.17~14.77(英安玢岩中石英斑晶) -9.25~-5.1(金属硫化物),25.9(明矾石) 张德全等, 1991, 2001, 2005 红山铜矿 +1.03~3.6(黄铁矿和辉铜矿) 黄铜矿和辉铜矿的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb比值分别为17.986~18.197,15.506~15.697和38.244~38.711 陈世忠等, 1998a, 1998b 岩背锡矿 +9.00(成矿花岗斑岩),6.0~11.9(石英) -0.3~-1.5 (锡石) (87Sr/86Sr)i: 0.712 8~0.713 0(花岗斑岩)0.709 3(花岗闪长斑岩),εNd(t):-3.61~+1.27(花岗斑岩),+1.09(花岗闪长斑岩) 邱检生等, 2005, Liu et al., 1999 表 4 红山铜矿成矿岩体主要微量元素的含量
Table 4. Main trace elements content of ore-forming porphyry in Hongshan deposits
序号 样品号 Rb Ba Th Ta Nb La Ce Sr Nd 1 NHR-1 17.97 11.02 0.68 8.09 238.23 54.36 115.96 192.28 52.08 2 NHR-2 18.24 7.27 0.48 7.67 225.68 51.56 107.60 197.08 48.63 3 NHR-3 16.69 5.01 0.19 7.51 212.81 56.77 117.72 103.62 53.97 4 NHR-4 20.49 2.56 0.20 9.17 274.90 53.24 114.08 51.17 51.67 5 NHR-5 15.21 3.69 2.35 8.12 237.31 52.22 109.65 145.78 50.37 6 NHR-6 17.87 6.46 0.50 7.10 217.64 48.75 101.20 221.50 46.78 7 NHR-7 19.81 5.17 0.23 6.04 184.15 47.24 98.41 167.72 45.46 8 NHR-8 17.77 3.52 0.61 7.42 224.20 44.38 92.22 112.70 42.28 9 NHR-9 18.59 1.97 0.11 8.23 249.17 50.92 108.61 34.82 48.64 10 NHR-10 18.77 11.63 0.25 6.99 212.39 45.33 94.12 209.25 42.37 11 HSR-1 221.75 634.88 11.01 1.26 10.44 20.28 40.98 841.08 16.88 12 HSR-2 228.37 466.79 11.57 1.49 12.18 18.83 39.98 294.26 18.22 13 HSR-3 234.54 486.88 14.76 1.31 11.51 27.97 55.79 573.61 24.10 14 HSR-4 257.46 367.79 13.82 1.33 11.00 20.42 43.27 713.31 19.35 15 HSR-5 256.68 515.60 13.56 1.38 11.93 24.50 48.86 617.53 21.30 16 HSR-6 221.76 369.43 13.17 1.34 11.23 22.31 43.36 206.87 18.56 17 HSR-7 230.49 438.52 13.41 1.33 10.97 22.31 44.65 585.02 18.82 18 HSR-8 248.55 708.75 14.78 1.44 12.37 25.24 50.56 636.99 21.70 19 HSR-9 247.36 556.03 14.79 1.37 12.56 24.23 49.59 300.65 21.44 20 HSR-10 186.99 435.83 9.81 1.01 10.81 23.31 47.90 679.35 23.66 序号 P2O5 Sm Zr Hf Eu TiO2 Tb Y Yb Lu 1 0.12 9.38 56.19 0.99 1.32 0.49 1.62 43.70 6.79 0.99 2 0.11 8.91 37.66 0.67 1.24 0.43 1.28 94.96 4.53 0.67 3 0.13 9.46 45.93 0.84 1.28 0.45 1.52 53.31 5.34 0.84 4 0.13 10.18 63.56 1.06 1.30 0.54 1.81 48.85 6.91 1.06 5 0.11 9.15 53.12 0.91 1.20 0.43 1.57 65.19 6.16 0.91 6 0.12 8.50 44.40 0.79 1.18 0.42 1.31 97.65 5.23 0.79 7 0.13 8.39 45.48 0.85 1.20 0.46 1.44 84.46 5.58 0.85 8 0.09 7.78 41.96 0.76 1.28 0.44 1.34 49.82 5.07 0.76 9 0.11 8.57 50.89 0.92 1.28 0.49 1.58 57.09 6.05 0.92 10 0.11 7.69 41.02 0.74 1.27 0.44 1.34 95.90 4.85 0.74 11 0.34 2.31 101.57 3.11 0.70 0.35 0.31 13.66 1.51 0.25 12 0.40 2.87 109.80 3.32 0.71 0.37 0.33 13.36 1.64 0.28 13 0.57 3.40 106.85 3.22 1.03 0.38 0.44 13.77 1.60 0.26 14 0.23 2.74 98.69 3.14 0.75 0.36 0.34 12.60 1.51 0.26 15 0.57 3.23 109.96 3.55 0.84 0.37 0.47 17.45 2.00 0.32 16 0.40 2.45 124.35 3.70 0.77 0.37 0.40 13.53 1.56 0.28 17 0.28 2.69 125.58 3.68 0.73 0.37 0.36 12.89 1.56 0.27 18 0.22 3.25 158.98 4.49 0.91 0.38 0.42 14.97 1.81 0.31 19 0.31 3.29 125.05 3.60 0.88 0.40 0.47 16.86 1.99 0.32 20 0.29 3.51 127.78 3.68 0.79 0.48 0.33 9.17 1.24 0.21 注:主量元素由国土资源部华东矿产资源监督检测中心检测,微量元素和稀土元素由中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所检测;NHR-1-10为花岗岩,HSR-1-10为花岗闪长斑岩;氧化物单位为%,其他单位为10-6. -
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