天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川积雪化学特征及其季节变化

李忠勤; 董志文; 张明军; 王飞腾

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.068

天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川积雪化学特征及其季节变化

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.068

1.
西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070
2.
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站，甘肃兰州 730000

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划 2010CB951003

中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 KZCX2-EW-311

KZCX2-EW-311 NCET-10-0019

冰冻圈国家重点实验室自主基金项目 SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04

详细信息

作者简介:
李忠勤(1962-)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事冰川与环境方面的研究.E-mail: Lizq@lzb.ac.cn

中图分类号: X141
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-09-20
- 刊出日期: 2011-07-01

Chemical Characteristics and Seasonal Variation of Snow on Urumqi Glacier No.1 of the Eastern Tianshan, China

1.
College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

摘要

摘要: 高海拔雪冰可以记录源自于地球表面的各种化学物质信号.从2002年9月到2005年10月3年的时段内，在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积累区采集积雪样品，运用比较法、相关分析法等方法，对其中主要离子、不溶粉尘、痕量金属和δ¹⁸O等特征及其季节变化进行了分析研究.分析结果表明，积雪离子浓度大小顺序依次为：Ca²⁺＞SO₄^2-＞NO₃^-＞Cl^-＞NH₄⁺＞Mg²⁺＞Na⁺＞K⁺，其中Ca²⁺是主要的阳离子，SO₄^2-是主要的阴离子.离子相关性分析表明，除NO₃^-之外，其他离子浓度之间均存在较好的正相关.积雪中δ¹⁸O值随时间变化表现出与大气温度变化相反的规律.积雪中不溶粉尘和主要化学离子浓度具有明显的季节变化特征，春季期间浓度明显高于其他季节，表明沙尘活动对冰川区化学物质输入有较大贡献；此外，痕量金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Al、Fe)季节变化特征表明，人类活动的污染物对于研究区雪冰中的化学特征亦有重要影响.
- 冰川地质 /
- 环境效应 /
- 化学特征 /
- 季节变化 /
- 物质来源
Abstract: Alpine glacier and snow can record signals of surface earth. From September 2002 to October 2005, Surface snow samples were collected on Urumqi glacier No.1 and chemical characteristics and seasonal variations of major ions, dust, and metal were measured. Results show that the concentration of major ions is Ca²⁺ > SO₄^2- > NO₃^- > Cl^- > NH₄⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺, Ca²⁺ is the dominant cation, SO₄^2- is the dominant anion. All ions have good correlation except NO₃^-. δ¹⁸O shows minus correlation with air temperature change. Dust and major ionic concentrations in the snow show obvious seasonal change trend, with higher concentrations in spring but lower ones in summer, which indicates the chemical input of dust activities to snow. Temporal changes of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe) indicate that human activities also have effect on the snow chemistry.
- glacial geology /
- environmental effects /
- chemical features /
- seasonal change /
- material sources

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图 1 乌鲁木齐河源冰川位置示意

Fig. 1. Location of Urumqi glacier No.1 in eastern Tianshan

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图 2 2004年4月—2005年4月积雪中稳定氧同位素δ¹⁸O的季节变化

Fig. 2. Seasonal variation of δ¹⁸O from 2004 to 2005 in the surface snow

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图 3 2004年4月—2005年4月表层积雪离子浓度的季节变化

Fig. 3. Temporal variations of δ¹⁸O and ionic concentrations in surface snow samples and old snow samples

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图 4 2004年表层雪中沉积的不溶粉尘粒径分布比较

Fig. 4. Comparison of dust particle mass-size distribution between dust period and non-dust period

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图 5 取样点表层积雪中痕量金属含量的季节变化

Fig. 5. Seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration in surface snow

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图 6 2004年1月~12月冰川取样点海拔高度5 d内的大气气团后向传输轨迹分析

Fig. 6. Analysis of 5 d backward trajectory of air mass from Urumqi glacier No.1 in 2004

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表 1 表层积雪中主要化学要素浓度的比较

Table 1. δ¹⁸O and major ion concentrations, ECM, pH in surface snow samples

年	Dust (10³#/mL)	pH	ECM (μs/cm)	δ¹⁸O(‰)	离子浓度(μg/L)								离子总浓度(μg/L)
年	Dust (10³#/mL)	pH	ECM (μs/cm)	δ¹⁸O(‰)	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	NO₃^-	NH₄⁺	离子总浓度(μg/L)
2002—2003	408	5.6	3.1	-12.8	108.5	842.9	71.4	31.3	208.6	556.7	355.3	146.4	2 308.3
2003—2004	1 094	5.5	3.6	-18.3	189.8	1 829.3	64.5	46.4	354.5	619.3	404.2	189.5	3 679.2
2004—2005	327	5.5	2.09	-24.9	102.5	1 793.2	86.9	48.6	209.4	468.6	316.4	186.4	3 187.1
平均	609	5.5	2.93	-18.6	133.6	1 488.4	74.3	42.1	257.5	548.2	358.6	174.1	3 058.2

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表 2 研究区粉尘、pH、电导率以及主要阴阳离子相关性对比

Table 2. Correlation coefficient of major ions, pH, ECM and dust in the snowpits

	Cl^-	NO₃^-	SO₄^2-	Na⁺	NH₄⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	pH	ECM
NO₃^-	0.78	-
SO₄^2-	0.64	0.82	-
Na⁺	0.90	0.53	0.69	-
NH₄⁺	0.73	0.83	0.96	0.56	-
K⁺	0.70	0.20	0.41	0.54	0.60	-
Mg²⁺	0.79	0.28	0.67	0.79	0.83	0.88	-
Ca²⁺	0.51	0.27	0.74	0.84	0.82	0.78	0.94	-
pH	0.42	0.16	0.89	0.42	0.26	0.16	0.66	0.23	-
ECM	0.52	0.18	0.83	0.72	0.46	0.62	0.75	0.94	0.87	-
Dust	0.78	0.39	0.75	0.58	0.36	0.41	0.79	0.96	0.70	0.90

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