西藏班戈地区雪如岩体的形成环境及成矿意义

高顺宝; 郑有业; 谢名臣; 张众; 闫学欣; 武斌; 罗俊杰

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.073

西藏班戈地区雪如岩体的形成环境及成矿意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.073

高顺宝^1,,
郑有业^{1, 2},
谢名臣³,
张众¹,
闫学欣⁴,
武斌¹,
罗俊杰¹

1.
中国地质大学资源学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
3.
湖北省鄂东北地质大队，湖北孝感 432100
4.
广东省核工业地质局二九二大队，广东河源 517001

基金项目:

青藏高原矿产调查评价专项项目 1212010818038

详细信息

作者简介:
高顺宝(1980-)，男，博士研究生，矿产普查与勘探专业.E-mail: gaoshunbao2002@163.com

中图分类号: P618.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2010-05-12
- 刊出日期: 2011-07-01

Geodynamic Setting and Mineralizational Implication of the Xueru Intrusion in Ban'ge, Tibet

1.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Geological Team of Northeast Hubei, Xiaogan 432100, China
4.
No.292 Team of Geo-exploration Institute, Guangdong Provincial Nuclear Industry Geology Bureau, Heyuan 517001, China

摘要

摘要: 雪如岩体主要由中细粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒斑状二长花岗岩组成，在其与郎山组灰岩接触带附近发育有大量的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床或矿化点.岩石及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、XRF、ICP-AES等分析显示，雪如岩体富K₂O、SiO₂、LREE及Rb、Ba、Pb、Th等大离子亲石元素，而Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等高场强元素含量相对较低，稀土元素配分曲线为明显的右倾曲线，具有中等的负Eu异常，属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列和后碰撞花岗岩类，成岩时代分别为79.25±0.97 Ma和79.72±0.51 Ma，形成于早白垩世末-晚白垩世初班公湖-怒江缝合带闭合后、羌塘地体与拉萨地体的后碰撞阶段.综合认为，雪如岩体岩浆源区为下地壳富含流体的石榴石角闪岩相-斜长角闪岩相的镁铁质岩石，是在后碰撞环境下经部分熔融形成的花岗岩类，对班戈地区铜铁多金属成矿非常有利；矽卡岩型铜铁成矿作用发生于80 Ma左右，该认识为区域找矿指明了方向.
- 岩石学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 成矿作用
Abstract: The Xueru intrusion is chiefly composed of medium-fine-grained monzogranite and medium-coarse-grained porphyritic monzogranite. There are a large number of skarn iron and copper deposits around the contact zone with the Langshan Formation limestone. The rock and zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb, XRF, ICP-AES and other analysis show that the monzogranite is enriched in K₂O, SiO₂, LREE and Rb, Ba, Pb, Th and other large ion lithophile elements; high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Sr, Ti are relatively poor; REE distribution curve is significantly rightward, with moderate negative Eu anomaly. The granites belong to high-K calc-alkaline-shoshonitic rock series, and the post-collision granite, which formed in 79.25±0.97 Ma and 79.72±0.51 Ma, in the stage of post-collision between Qiangtang block and the Lhasa block after the late of Early Cretaceous-the beginning of Late Cretaceous Bangonghu-Nujiang suture closed. It is concluded that the source of Xueru intrusion is the lower crust garnet amphibolite facies-plagioclase amphibolite facies mafic rocks which are rich in fluid, the granites formed by partial melting of the mafic rocks in the post-collision environment, which is very conductive to the formation of copper-polymetallic deposit in Ban'ge area, the mineralization of skarn iron and copper deposits occurred around 80 Ma. This study can greatly facilitate regional mineral exploration.
- petrology /
- geochemistry /
- mineralization

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图 1 雪如岩体地质简图

图 1据辽宁地调院1∶25万多巴幅(2003)和西藏地调院1∶25万班戈幅(2002)地质图修改；1.第四系；2.牛堡组；3.竞柱山组；4.郎山组；5.多尼组下段；6.多尼组上段弄巴砾岩；7.拉贡塘组；8.始新世二长花岗岩；9.晚白垩世二长花岗岩(雪如岩体)；10.早白垩世二长花岗岩(多巴岩体)；11.早白垩世花岗闪长岩(班戈岩体)；12.地质界线；13.断层；14.研究区位置；15.铜矿床(点)；16.采样位置

Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the Xueru intrusion

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图 2 雪如岩体锆石阴极发光图像

Fig. 2. CL images of zircons for the Xueru intrusion

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图 3 雪如岩体锆石U-Pb谐和图

Fig. 3. U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircons for the Xueru intrusion

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图 4 雪如岩体稀土元素配分模式(球粒陨石标准化值引自Sun and McDonough, 1989)

Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized patterns for the Xueru intrusion

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图 5 雪如岩体微量元素蜘蛛图解(原始地幔标准化值引自Sun and McDonough, 1989)

Fig. 5. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams for the Xueru intrusion

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图 6 雪如岩体(La/Yb)_N-Yb_N图解(Drummond and Defant, 1990)

Fig. 6. (La/Yb)_N vs Yb_N diagram of the Xueru intrusion

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图 7 雪如岩体R₁-R₂图解(底图据Batchelor and Bowden, 1985)

Fig. 7. R₁ vs. R₂ diagram for the Xueru intrusion

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图 8 雪如岩体Rb-(Y+Nb)图解(底图据Pearce, 1996)

Fig. 8. Rb vs. (Y+Nb) diagram for the Xueru intrusion

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表 1 YQ-1、PM401TW9样品锆石LA-ICP-MS同位素分析结果

Table 1. U-Pb LA-ICP-MS analyses of zircon from Sample YQ-1 and PM401TW9

点号	Pb(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		备注
点号	Pb(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	U(10^-6)	Th/U	比值	1σ	比值	1σ	比值	1σ	t (Ma)	1σ	t (Ma)	1σ	t (Ma)	1σ	备注
YQ-1-01	33.7	735	1330	0.55	0.048 4	0.001 7	0.080 6	0.002 7	0.012 1	0.000 1	117	79.6	78.7	2.5	77.6	0.67	排除
YQ -1-02	29.0	817	689	1.19	0.049 8	0.001 8	0.085 6	0.003 0	0.012 6	0.000 1	187	118	83.4	2.83	80.4	0.91
YQ -1-03	27.3	608	990	0.61	0.049 1	0.001 6	0.085 6	0.002 8	0.012 6	0.000 1	154	75.9	83.4	2.64	80.8	0.84
YQ -1-04	21.7	584	556	1.05	0.051 3	0.002 4	0.086 8	0.003 9	0.012 3	0.000 1	254	112	84.5	3.67	79.1	0.94
YQ -1-05	9.2	241	260	0.93	0.054 9	0.003 2	0.092 1	0.005 0	0.012 4	0.000 2	409	133	89.5	4.6	79.2	1.33	排除
YQ -1-06	49.2	1256	1521	0.83	0.050 0	0.001 6	0.082 6	0.002 5	0.012 0	0.000 1	195	106	80.6	2.38	76.7	0.74	排除
YQ -1-07	20.5	468	622	0.75	0.049 5	0.002 3	0.086 1	0.003 9	0.012 6	0.000 2	172	107	83.9	3.66	81.0	0.99
YQ-1-08	25.0	560	889	0.63	0.047 7	0.001 7	0.080 8	0.002 8	0.012 3	0.000 1	87	81	78.9	2.67	79.0	0.82
YQ-1-09	34.1	821	1018	0.81	0.056 4	0.001 9	0.094 8	0.003 1	0.012 2	0.000 1	478	76	92.0	2.89	78.4	0.85
YQ-1-10	50.8	747	2759	0.27	0.047 4	0.001 1	0.081 1	0.001 9	0.012 4	0.000 1	78	56	79.2	1.80	79.4	0.78
YQ-1-11	24.5	570	781	0.73	0.048 4	0.001 8	0.083 2	0.003 0	0.012 5	0.000 1	120	89	81.2	2.86	80.1	0.88
YQ-1-12	33.2	778	1140	0.68	0.051 3	0.002 3	0.087 1	0.003 7	0.012 4	0.000 1	254	102	84.8	3.47	79.1	0.72
YQ-1-13	10.8	214	433	0.49	0.051 6	0.002 3	0.087 5	0.003 8	0.012 4	0.000 2	333	104	85.2	3.56	79.4	1.01
YQ-1-14	31.2	670	1062	0.63	0.050 0	0.001 5	0.088 6	0.002 6	0.012 9	0.000 1	195	68.5	86.2	2.41	82.4	0.82	排除
YQ-1-15	10.6	358	121	2.95	0.071 4	0.005 7	0.115 6	0.008 8	0.012 5	0.000 3	969	165	111	7.99	80.0	1.75	排除
YQ-1-16	15.1	402	335	1.20	0.048 5	0.002 6	0.088 4	0.004 7	0.014 1	0.000 9	124	119	86.0	4.41	90.5	5.55	排除
YQ-1-17	46.3	1461	698	2.09	0.042 6	0.001 6	0.074 4	0.002 9	0.012 6	0.000 1	error	error	72.8	2.73	80.8	0.86
PM401TW9-01	13.9	771	1023	0.75	0.048 6	0.001 4	0.081 2	0.002 3	0.012 1	0.000 1	128	68.5	79.3	2.20	77.7	0.76
PM401TW9-02	3.0	238	186	1.28	0.060 9	0.003 4	0.104 6	0.006 0	0.012 5	0.000 2	635	122	101	5.52	79.9	1.45
PM401TW9-03	22.8	738	1585	0.47	0.052 1	0.001 7	0.098 6	0.003 6	0.013 7	0.000 2	300	75.9	95.4	3.3	87.5	0.96	排除
PM401TW9-04	8.6	502	607	0.83	0.047 7	0.002 1	0.081 1	0.003 6	0.012 3	0.000 1	87.1	100.0	79.2	3.36	78.9	0.82
PM401TW9-05	8.6	438	573	0.77	0.055 8	0.002 0	0.100 7	0.003 6	0.013 1	0.000 1	456	79.6	97.4	3.3	83.8	0.84	排除
PM401TW9-06	22.0	685	1561	0.44	0.046 7	0.001 3	0.088 3	0.002 3	0.013 7	0.000 1	35.3	63.0	85.9	2.2	87.8	0.80	排除
PM401TW9-07	10.4	446	767	0.58	0.054 0	0.001 8	0.094 4	0.003 1	0.012 7	0.000 2	372	72.2	91.6	2.91	81.4	0.97
PM401TW9-08	11.3	594	852	0.70	0.050 6	0.001 6	0.084 0	0.002 6	0.012 1	0.000 1	233	72.2	81.9	2.45	77.3	0.87
PM401TW9-09	12.2	651	887	0.73	0.047 1	0.001 6	0.081 1	0.002 8	0.012 5	0.000 1	53.8	77.8	79.2	2.63	80.1	0.93
PM401TW9-10	13.9	727	1109	0.66	0.050 6	0.001 4	0.088 1	0.002 5	0.012 6	0.000 1	220	64.8	85.7	2.33	80.7	0.80
PM401TW9-11	10.1	411	783	0.52	0.050 6	0.001 8	0.086 1	0.003 0	0.012 4	0.000 1	233	83.3	83.8	2.79	79.2	0.82
PM401TW9-12	9.0	375	705	0.53	0.051 4	0.002 1	0.085 4	0.003 4	0.012 1	0.000 1	257	93	83.2	3.15	77.5	0.83
PM401TW9-13	20.7	913	1547	0.59	0.047 2	0.001 4	0.082 9	0.002 5	0.012 8	0.000 1	57.5	70.4	80.8	2.32	81.7	0.84
PM401TW9-14	8.7	545	623	0.88	0.054 3	0.002 3	0.090 6	0.003 8	0.012 2	0.000 1	383	98.1	88.1	3.54	78.1	0.89
PM401TW9-15	6.5	361	462	0.78	0.047 5	0.002 2	0.080 8	0.003 8	0.012 5	0.000 1	72.3	117	78.9	3.55	79.8	0.95

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表 2 雪如岩体主量(%)、稀土和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 2. Major elements (%) and trace elements (10^-6) of the Xueru intrusion

样号	YQ-1	YQ-2	YQ-3	YQ-4	YQ-5	PM401YQ9	PM301YQ31	平均值
岩性	斑状二长花岗岩							平均值
SiO₂	72.77	72.85	70.53	71.86	76.09	73.39	72.39	72.84
TiO₂	0.39	0.39	0.46	0.37	0.23	0.3	0.36	0.36
Al₂O₃	12.91	13.07	13.34	13.47	11.93	13.17	13.23	13.02
Fe₂O₃	0.94	0.86	0.83	0.31	0.31	0.73	0.92	0.70
FeO	1.18	1.23	1.2	0.8	0.38	1.05	1.17	1.00
MnO	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.06	0.04
MgO	0.73	0.75	0.91	0.83	0.46	0.52	0.74	0.71
CaO	1.76	1.63	2.57	3.04	0.92	1.31	1.64	1.84
Na₂O	3.19	3.16	3.47	3.14	2.31	3.31	3.66	3.18
K₂O	5.05	5.11	5.55	5.05	6.33	5.07	4.88	5.29
P₂O₅	0.12	0.12	0.14	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.12	0.11
H₂O⁺	0.4	0.37	0.49	0.53	0.59	0.6	0.45	0.49
CO₂	0.3	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.15	0.22
TOTAL	99.78	99.8	99.75	99.76	99.88	99.8	99.77	99.79
Mg^#	39	40	46	58	56	35	40	45
R₁	2 466.21	2 468.78	2 101.38	2 450.24	2 742.68	2 471.34	2 315.32	2 430.85
R₂	477.77	467.99	581.80	630.66	355.27	424.30	471.70	487.07
σ	2.28	2.29	2.96	2.32	2.26	2.31	2.48	2.41
A/NCK	0.93	0.95	0.81	0.83	0.97	0.99	0.93	0.92
La	51.61	63.73	60.71	50.11	38.8	58.93	54.45	54.05
Ce	101.4	115.8	114.2	99.2	71.43	94.39	100.5	99.56
Pr	11.94	12.88	12.89	11.21	7.38	11.2	11.23	11.25
Nd	41.26	44.63	44.22	38.41	24.11	34.29	36.52	37.63
Sm	6.62	7.06	7.08	5.99	3.93	5.55	6.25	6.07
Eu	1.04	1.11	1.28	1.04	0.57	0.96	0.94	0.99
Gd	5.06	5.32	5.26	4.28	3.09	4.02	4.95	4.57
Tb	0.73	0.76	0.75	0.56	0.46	0.58	0.76	0.66
Dy	3.86	4.04	3.9	2.65	2.61	3.12	3.83	3.43
Ho	0.79	0.83	0.78	0.53	0.54	0.66	0.77	0.70
Er	2.25	2.4	2.05	1.36	1.65	1.84	2.08	1.95
Tm	0.36	0.37	0.32	0.22	0.27	0.31	0.35	0.31
Yb	2.37	2.41	2.1	1.37	1.88	2.14	2.16	2.06
Lu	0.37	0.38	0.33	0.22	0.27	0.38	0.36	0.33
LREE	213.87	245.21	240.38	205.96	146.22	205.32	209.89	209.55
HREE	15.79	16.51	15.49	11.19	10.77	13.05	15.26	14.01
L/H	13.54	14.85	15.52	18.41	13.58	15.73	13.75	15.06
δEu	0.53	0.53	0.61	0.60	0.48	0.59	0.50	0.55
(La/Sm)_N	5.03	5.83	5.54	5.40	6.37	6.85	5.62	5.81
(Gd/Yb)_N	1.77	1.83	2.07	2.58	1.36	1.55	1.90	1.87
Rb	289	300	270	234	387	369	339	312.57
Ba	425	456	522	411	282	341	348	397.86
Th	34.8	37.2	24.7	30.6	38.9	30.4	28.5	32.16
U	8.12	9.13	5.57	5.06	10.9	5.45	4.87	7.01
Nb	18.7	20.2	16.8	15.4	16.2	17	18.5	17.54
Ta	2.06	2.33	1.61	1.09	1.81	1.75	2.09	1.82
Pb	33.6	33.6	34	56.6	35.3	32.6	30	36.53
Sr	206	208	305	292	144	194	203	221.71
Hf	7.2	7.2	8	6.6	6.8	5.4	5.5	6.67
Zr	177	179	196	177	132	149	178	169.71
Y	20.33	21.22	19.14	12.71	14.62	17.72	20.03	17.97
Cu	24	23.1	71.4	22.8	16.4	10.9	9.21	25.40
Mo	1.42	1.83	1.13	1.2	1.73	0.085	0.25	1.09
Zn	29.76	33.32	41.24	25.73	34.35	34.3	219	59.67
Nb/Ta	9.08	8.67	10.43	14.13	8.95	9.71	8.85	9.98
Rb/Sr	1.40	1.44	0.89	0.80	2.69	1.90	1.67	1.54
Th/U	4.29	4.07	4.43	6.05	3.57	5.58	5.85	4.83
Y/Yb	8.58	8.80	9.11	9.28	7.78	8.28	9.27	8.72
注：σ=(K₂O+Na₂O)²/(SiO₂-43)；A/NCK=Al₂O₃(mol)/(CaO+Na₂O+K₂O)(mol)；δEu=2Eu_N/(Sm_N+Gd_N)；Mg^#=100Mg²⁺/(Mg²⁺+Fe²⁺(Total))；R₁=4Si-11(Na+K)-2(Ti+Fe)；R₂=Al+2Mg+6Ca.

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