Basic Igneous Rock in Cihai Giant Iron District, Hami, Xinjiang, and Its Indication to the Metallogenic Setting
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摘要: 新疆磁海超大型铁矿区基性岩与铁成矿关系密切,是认识大规模铁成矿及其背景的关键.磁海铁矿区基性岩以辉绿岩为主,辉绿岩中断裂-裂隙控制板状铁矿脉群,单颗粒锆石U-Pb法测得206Pb/238U平均年龄为263.8±3.6 Ma(n＝11,MSWD=1.3),与二叠纪塔里木、东天山造山带、北山构造-成矿带等区域基性岩同时代.磁海铁矿区基性岩球粒陨石标准化微量元素蛛网图较平坦,Sr、Ba显示弱富集,Nb略亏损,球粒陨石标准化的REE配分曲线平坦,岩浆起源于亏损软流圈地幔,与其所在区域的北山构造-成矿带、东天山造山带、塔里木等地的基性岩均属碱性-钙碱性系列,它们的微量元素组成相近,岩浆性质相似,成生关系密切.磁海铁矿区基性岩可能是二叠纪地幔柱成因塔里木大火成岩省的组成部分,大规模铁成矿于地幔柱背景,北山构造-成矿带可能是塔里木地幔柱的一枝.Abstract: The basic igneous rock in Cihai giant iron district has a close relationship with the iron mineralization which is the key to understanding of the larger scale of iron metallization and the metallogenic setting. The diabase is the main basic igneous rock in Cihai iron district,and the platy iron-vein group are hosted by the fault-fissures in diabase; the U-Pb dating of single-grained zircon from diabase yielded an average weighted 206Pb/238U age of 263.8±3.6 Ma (n＝11,MSWD=1.3)which is contemporary with that of the basic igneous rock in Permian Tarim basin,eastern Tianshan orogenic belt and Beishan tectonic-metallogenic belt. The trace elements chondrite-normalized patterns of basic igneous rock in Cihai iron district are relatively flat with Sr,Ba enriched and Nb lost lightly; the REE chondrite-normalized patterns are flat. The content of trace elements and magmatic nature of basic igneous rock in Cihai iron district are similar to that of the basic igneous rocks in Permian Tarim basin,eastern Tianshan orogenic belt and Beishan tectonic-metallogenic belt and they all belong to alkaline-calc-alkaline series with close genetic relationship; the basic igneous magma of Cihai district most possibly originated from asthenospheric mantle. The basic igneous rock in Cihai district is possibly a part of Tarim large igneous provinces formed by Permian mantle plum; and the large scale of iron mineralization are also formed in the setting of mantle plum which is a branch of mantle plum in Tarim basin as Beishan tectonic-metallogenic belt.
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Key words:
- basic igneous rock /
- Permian period /
- mantle plume setting /
- Cihai giant iron deposit /
- geochemistry /
- ore prospecting /
- ore deposits.
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图 1 磁海超大型铁矿所在区域及二叠纪基性岩浆岩分布
1.中-新生界；2.天山造山带；3.石炭-二叠纪火山岩；4.塔里木玄武岩(大火成岩省)；5.北山构造-成矿带；6.二叠纪基性岩出露或岩心(岩性和同位素年龄)
Fig. 1. The region of the Cihai giant iron deposit and the distribution of the Permian basic igneous rock
图 3 磁海铁矿区铁矿体和基性岩体野外地质产状
a.铁矿体产状近直立，呈板状、透镜状产于辉绿岩中；b.铁矿体与辉绿岩接触截然
Fig. 3. The field occurrence of the iron ore- and the basic igneous- bodies in Cihai giant iron deposit
图 4 磁海矿区辉绿岩的产状及岩相学显微照片
a.成矿前辉绿岩及其中沿其裂隙充填的板状、透镜状铁矿体；b.辉绿岩，辉绿结构(正交偏光)；c.辉绿岩中可见副矿物磷灰石(正交偏光)
Fig. 4. Photographs and microphotograph of diabase in Cihai iron deposit
图 5 磁海铁矿区辉绿岩中锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及测点位置
Fig. 5. CL images of the zircons in diabases and measured points, Cihai ore district
图 6 磁海铁矿区辉绿岩锆石206Pb/238U平均年龄
Fig. 6. The mean 206Pb/238U age of zircons in diabase, Cihai ore district
图 7 磁海铁矿区基性岩的岩浆系列及区域对比
底图引自Wright，1969；Ewart，1982.北山构造-成矿带、东天山造山带、塔里木3个区域基性岩投影点数据陈汉林等，1997；郝建荣等，2006；赵泽辉等，2006；潘金花等，2008；厉子龙等，2008；苏本勋等，2010；唐萍芝等，2010
Fig. 7. The magmatic series of the basic igneous rock, Cihai iron ore district and the regional comparing
图 8 磁海铁矿区基性岩微量元素特征及区域对比
a.磁海矿区及区域微量元素蛛网图；b.磁海矿区及区域稀土元素配分图.球粒陨石标准化数据引自Sun and MacDonough, 1989.北山构造-成矿带、东天山造山带、塔里木3个区域基性岩数据陈汉林等，1997；郝建荣等，2006；赵泽辉等，2006；潘金花等，2008；厉子龙等，2008；苏本勋等，2010；唐萍芝等，2010
Fig. 8. The rare element characteristics of the basic igneous rock, Cihai iron ore district and the regional comparing
图 9 磁海矿区基性岩的S-B图解
Fig. 9. The S-B diagram of the basic igneous rock, Cihai iron district
表 1 磁海矿区基性岩主量元素和微量元素分析结果
Table 1. The analysis results of main- and rare-element compositions of the basic rock in the Cihai ore district
样品编号 CH26 CH36 CH37 CH38 CH39 CH40 Cn4924-10* Cn4924-14* Cn4924-15* Cn4924-9* Cn4924-12* 岩性 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 辉绿岩 橄榄辉长岩 玄武岩 主量元素组成(%) SiO2 50.85 54.33 54.19 54.01 52.64 52.64 50.42 47.64 49.46 45.38 51.06 TiO2 2.75 2.13 2.08 2.13 2.10 2.16 1.87 1.40 1.54 0.09 1.50 Al2O3 13.95 14.48 14.20 14.58 14.45 14.54 14.90 15.54 15.15 20.44 15.22 Fe2O3 3.10 1.77 1.53 2.03 1.49 1.46 3.68 5.06 2.46 3.34 3.19 FeO 7.05 5.30 4.50 6.05 4.20 4.30 7.25 5.15 6.47 3.50 7.38 MnO 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.17 MgO 4.92 4.55 4.93 5.29 4.51 4.62 6.66 9.13 7.67 12.67 6.93 CaO 9.70 9.09 9.09 7.03 11.12 12.78 9.20 10.52 11.26 10.91 9.16 Na2O 4.09 5.37 2.50 5.65 3.36 4.70 3.35 2.21 2.88 1.58 3.38 K2O 1.16 0.87 4.91 0.68 2.99 0.17 0.22 0.41 0.30 0.02 0.18 P2O5 0.43 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.26 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.20 LOI 1.75 1.56 1.56 2.03 2.63 2.14 1.76 1.87 2.50 2.03 1.84 Total 99.98 99.98 99.99 99.98 99.94 99.97 99.77 99.22 99.97 100.10 100.21 微量元素组成(10-6) Li 12.000 12.800 9.960 12.300 13.700 12.400 Be 1.370 1.510 1.630 1.150 1.130 0.881 Sc 36.000 32.700 34.800 34.200 31.900 34.200 V 333.000 235.000 266.000 262.000 241.000 270.000 Cr 100.000 37.300 37.400 36.300 37.000 39.900 169.600 390.800 309.200 154.100 196.600 Co 31.200 24.500 18.300 24.900 16.300 22.000 Ni 50.000 22.500 13.200 19.500 13.400 21.100 Cu 26.200 26.700 13.100 30.200 12.500 17.300 Zn 71.400 48.100 45.400 50.800 43.600 71.400 Ga 22.900 22.500 17.800 22.000 19.200 21.600 Rb 45.800 29.600 151.000 25.200 89.200 8.250 2.688 9.580 5.703 1.167 2.672 Sr 354.000 482.000 776.000 463.000 537.000 185.000 255.900 200.200 233.100 189.400 269.100 Nb 7.680 6.300 6.540 6.710 6.230 5.940 5.392 2.380 3.363 0.289 4.276 Mo 0.315 0.164 1.050 — 1.530 0.763 Cd 0.094 0.030 0.069 0.145 0.064 0.169 In 0.107 0.074 0.077 0.067 0.061 0.072 Sb 0.220 0.223 0.118 0.288 0.102 0.204 Cs 0.563 0.242 0.571 0.516 0.668 0.125 0.139 0.144 0.321 0.101 0.123 Ba 307.000 157.000 1073.000 223.000 622.000 16.200 59.780 50.270 51.090 1.582 47.250 La 14.500 11.100 10.300 12.400 10.900 11.500 10.570 4.567 6.558 0.567 2.760 Ce 37.300 28.500 25.700 31.800 26.700 27.500 27.890 13.070 15.850 1.286 9.800 Pr 5.920 4.350 4.270 4.700 4.150 4.250 4.452 2.144 2.350 0.164 1.901 Nd 29.200 21.300 21.300 24.100 22.100 20.000 20.900 10.600 11.540 0.804 10.210 Sm 8.220 6.280 6.750 5.950 6.190 5.560 6.265 3.374 3.665 0.278 3.374 Eu 2.350 1.450 1.410 2.080 1.920 2.040 1.839 1.180 1.043 0.329 1.120 Gd 9.730 7.010 8.830 8.330 7.260 7.110 6.712 4.198 4.005 0.365 0.782 Tb 2.200 1.580 1.750 1.660 1.510 1.450 1.217 0.759 0.762 0.067 1.132 Dy 13.700 10.200 11.300 10.600 10.000 9.430 7.799 5.097 5.060 0.404 0.466 Ho 2.730 1.990 2.270 2.120 1.780 1.830 1.700 1.085 1.079 0.079 0.452 Er 7.890 6.330 7.200 6.580 5.230 5.390 4.605 2.989 2.968 0.223 0.287 Tm 1.300 1.020 1.140 1.050 0.871 0.937 0.681 0.452 0.447 0.035 Yb 7.820 5.930 6.800 5.970 5.460 5.350 4.330 2.920 2.816 0.243 Lu 1.230 0.884 1.060 0.846 0.906 0.917 0.659 0.442 0.419 0.043 0.955 Y 72.200 57.000 65.000 58.700 52.100 55.100 40.000 26.520 25.310 3.539 138.900 Ta 0.593 0.502 0.513 0.466 0.473 0.424 0.345 0.135 0.221 0.016 47.480 W 0.472 0.374 0.500 0.638 0.809 1.510 1.120 Re 0.006 — 0.007 0.003 — 0.001 4.143 Tl 0.067 0.075 0.476 0.08 0.262 0.017 0.782 Pb 3.680 1.790 1.480 2.430 0.896 1.290 5.254 Bi 0.078 0.050 0.034 0.056 0.022 0.029 1.132 Tu 2.940 3.330 3.380 3.840 2.620 2.800 1.475 0.576 0.948 0.147 3.068 U 1.010 0.421 0.418 0.630 0.411 0.428 0.444 0.220 0.275 0.034 1.120 Zr 361.000 169.000 169.000 173.000 149.000 149.000 217.100 100.500 94.990 8.264 4.143 Hf 8.950 4.160 3.860 4.400 3.290 3.660 5.772 2.848 2.637 0.198 0.782 REE参数(10-6) ΣREE 216.290 164.920 175.080 176.890 157.080 158.360 99.620 52.880 58.560 4.887 5.254 LREE/HREE 0.820 0.790 0.660 0.850 0.850 0.810 1.060 0.790 0.690 δEu 0.800 0.670 0.560 0.900 0.880 0.990 0.860 0.960 0.830 3.160 3.068 (La/Yb)N 1.330 1.340 1.090 1.490 1.430 1.540 1.650 1.050 1.570 1.570 0.466 (La/Sm)N 1.140 1.140 0.990 1.350 1.140 1.340 1.060 0.850 1.130 1.280 3.017 (Gd/Lu)N 0.980 0.980 1.030 1.220 0.990 0.960 1.050 1.940 1.130 1.260 0.452 注：在中国核工业北京地质研究院分析测试研究中心完成分析，Fe2O3根据全铁算出；“—”代表未检到；带“*”编号的样品数据唐萍芝等(2010). 
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表 2 磁海铁矿区辉绿岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果
Table 2. U-Pb dating results of zircon in diabase, Cihai iron ore district
分析点号 206Pbc (%) U (10-6) Th (10-6) 232Th/238U 206Pb*(10-6) 206Pb/238U年龄(Ma)(1) 207Pb*/206Pb*(1) 207Pb*/235U(1) 206Pb*/238U(1) 测值 误差 比值 ±% 比值 ±% 比值 ±% C-1 3.77 255 299 1.21 9.15 254.5 ±7.4 0.043 8 12.0 0.243 12.0 0.040 30 3.0 C-2 31.45 34 10 0.31 1.88 277.0 ±28.0 － － － － 0.043 90 10.0 C-3 30.65 88 31 0.36 4.62 270.0 ±15.0 － － － － 0.042 70 5.8 C-4 3.18 395 232 0.61 14.50 261.5 ±3.7 0.041 9 10.0 0.239 10.0 0.041 40 1.4 C-5 2.60 358 308 0.89 13.00 260.6 ± 4.0 0.050 8 7.1 0.289 7.3 0.041 26 1.6 C-6 22.16 79 41 0.53 3.67 265.8 ±9.4 － － － － 0.042 10 3.6 C-7 7.26 205 90 0.46 8.36 278.5 ±4.9 0.042 3 21.0 0.257 21.0 0.044 14 1.8 C-8 20.64 398 184 0.48 17.70 260.0 ± 5.6 0.034 0 42.0 0.195 42.0 0.041 15 2.2 C-9 6.33 326 303 0.96 12.60 265.7 ± 4.0 0.058 5 13.0 0.339 13.0 0.042 07 1.6 C-10 73.65 293 361 1.27 39.40 270.0 ±34.0 － － － － 0.042 70 13.0 C-11 43.64 266 153 0.59 16.50 259.0 ±14.0 － － － － 0.041 00 5.4 注：在北京离子探针中心完成测试；Pbc和Pb*分别代表普通铅和放射成因铅；标准校正值的误差为0.47%(不包括在上述误差内，但包括不同样品靶的数据比较)；(1)为应用实测204Pb校正普通铅
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