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    博茨瓦纳Sua盐湖地下卤水来源及成因

    单慧媚 马腾 谭婷 罗朝晖 祁志冲 翟明哲 LekgoweOteng M.

    单慧媚, 马腾, 谭婷, 罗朝晖, 祁志冲, 翟明哲, LekgoweOteng M., 2013. 博茨瓦纳Sua盐湖地下卤水来源及成因. 地球科学, 38(3): 607-615. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.061
    引用本文: 单慧媚, 马腾, 谭婷, 罗朝晖, 祁志冲, 翟明哲, LekgoweOteng M., 2013. 博茨瓦纳Sua盐湖地下卤水来源及成因. 地球科学, 38(3): 607-615. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.061
    SHAN Hui-mei, MA Teng, TAN Ting, LUO Zhao-hui, QI Zhi-chong, ZHAI Ming-zhe, Lekgowe Oteng M., 2013. Sources and Genesis of Subsurface Brine in Sua Pan, Botswana. Earth Science, 38(3): 607-615. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.061
    Citation: SHAN Hui-mei, MA Teng, TAN Ting, LUO Zhao-hui, QI Zhi-chong, ZHAI Ming-zhe, Lekgowe Oteng M., 2013. Sources and Genesis of Subsurface Brine in Sua Pan, Botswana. Earth Science, 38(3): 607-615. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.061

    博茨瓦纳Sua盐湖地下卤水来源及成因

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.061
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 40872157

    国家自然科学基金项目 40830748

    教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划 NCET-07-0773

    中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助 CUGL100501

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      单慧媚(1985-), 女, 博士, 主要从事同位素生物地球化学方面研究. E-mail: shanhuimei1985@163.com

      通讯作者:

      马腾, E-mail: mateng@cug.edu.cn

    • 中图分类号: X142;P592

    Sources and Genesis of Subsurface Brine in Sua Pan, Botswana

    • 摘要: Sua盐湖是博茨瓦纳面积最大的盐湖之一, 是南半球重要的天然碱资源.为进一步揭示该盐湖的成因, 对盐湖区地下水、地表水以及晒盐场盐结晶进行了常规阴阳离子含量、D、18O和37Cl同位素组成及地下水14C年龄分析.水化学结果显示Sua盐湖的地下卤水具有富Na和K, 贫Ca和Mg的特征.氢氧同位素关系和37Cl结果显示, 附近河流地表水与Sua盐湖地下卤水具有密切的水力联系, 而地下水对其补给作用较弱(37Cl差异为0.04‰~0.06‰).TDS-γNa/γCl关系揭示Sua盐湖地下卤水受到盐岩地层溶滤作用的影响(γNa/γCl≈1), 而14C年龄(距今约2万年)表明古气候的波动变化是其重要影响因素.基于以上认识, 运用PHREEQC软件对Sua盐湖地下卤水进行反向地球化学模拟, 结果表明地表水的强烈蒸发浓缩以及附近地下水对盐岩地层的溶滤是控制Sua盐湖卤水形成的主要因素.

       

    • 图  1  马卡迪卡迪流域地理位置、地形和降雨量

      Fig.  1.  Makgadikgadi Pans showing locations, terrain and rainfall

      图  2  马卡迪卡迪流域水文模型及Sua盐湖采样点位置

      Fig.  2.  Hydrological model for the Makgadikgadi, locations and sampling sites of Sua Pan

      图  3  水样的Piper三线图

      Fig.  3.  Piper graph of water samples

      图  4  Sua盐湖水样氢氧同位素组成变化图(SMOW,标准平均大洋水)

      Fig.  4.  Variations of δD and δ18O values of water samples collected from Sua Pan

      图  5  Sua盐湖北部及附近水样γNa/γCl与TDS分布

      Fig.  5.  Relationship between γNa/γCl and TDS of water samples from northern part of Sua Pan

      表  1  Sua盐湖水样采集信息

      Table  1.   Water samples collected from Sua pan

      样品编号 SW01 SW02 GW03 GW04 BW06 SW07
      经纬度 26°11.224′E 26°22.055′E 26°27.126′E 26°28.373′E 25°57.871′E 26°14.439′E
      20°12.798′S 20°05.645′S 20°30.683′S 20°30.517′S 20°27.852′S 20°17.889′S
      类型 地表水 地表水 地下水 地下水 地下卤水 地表水
      地点 Nata河 Nata河 Dukwi地区 Dukwi地区 Sua盐湖 Nata国家公园
      采样深度 0~30 cm 0~30 cm >36.93 m >34.50 m 约20 m 0~30 cm
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  水样的水化学分析结果

      Table  2.   Results of hydrochemical analysis of water samples

      指标 SW01 SW02 GW03 GW04 BW06 SW07
      EC(μs/cm) 1 024.0 138.3 1 556.0 1 562.0 183 300.0 4 333.0
      pH 8.80 8.89 7.16 7.08 9.50 8.83
      温度(℃) 32.9 26.4 28.8 27.8 29.0 30.3
      HCO3-(mg/L) 130.43 85.81 583.50 518.97 4 118.85 364.52
      CO32-(mg/L) 49.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 445.06 210.80
      Cl-(mg/L) 207.44 3.20 216.75 252.79 41 640.00 1 076.08
      SO42-(mg/L) 20.58 0.90 93.22 95.40 12 480.00 97.90
      K+(mg/L) 14.91 6.33 4.81 4.14 2 108.90 49.23
      Ca2+(mg/L) 16.81 16.26 23.08 16.34 7.30 10.64
      Mg2+(mg/L) 3.05 2.78 35.22 30.94 3.50 0.78
      Na+(mg/L) 185.30 5.43 269.76 296.44 46 278.01 1 028.80
      TDS(g/L) 0.630 0.121 1.229 1.218 112.655 2.841
      阴阳离子平衡(%) 0.981 4.486 1.548 0.017 4.371 4.808
      库尔洛夫式 Cl·HCO3-Na HCO3-Ca·Na HCO3·Cl-Na HCO3·Cl-Na Na-Cl Na-Cl
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  样品的37Cl测试结果

      Table  3.   δ37Cl values of water and salt crystals samples from Sua Pan

      样品 δ 37Cl(‰) d值(‰)
      GW03 0.22 0.06
      GW04 0.24 0.04
      BW06 0.18 0.02
      盐结晶 0.29 0.07
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  Sua盐湖卤水的14C年龄

      Table  4.   14C age of brine water from Sua Pan

      编号 现代碳百分数(%) 14C年龄(ka) 校正后年龄(ka)
      BW06 13.464 16.580±0.27 21.459
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  5  Sua盐湖卤水演化的地球化学模型(单位:mol/L)

      Table  5.   Geochemistry models for the evolution of brines in Sua pan

      起点 终点 H2O 岩盐 方解石 钾长石 石膏 白云石 钠长石 CO2
      SW01 BW06 -1.261e+4 1.538e-1 -1.891e-1 -3.514e-2 1.220e-1 -2.844e-2 3.514e-2 3.779e-1
      SW02 BW06 -7.794e+4 1.418 -6.526e-1 -1.756e-1 1.578e-1 -1.605e-1 1.756e-1 -6.335e-1
      SW07 BW06 -2.567e+3 - -1.320e-1 -7.751e-3 1.210e-1 -1.356e-3 7.751e-3 2.735e-1
      BW06 -2.578e+3 - -1.302e-1 - 1.191e-1 -1.362e-3 - -
      GW03 BW06 -2.869e+3 1.271 -7.363e-2 4.542e-2 1.197e-1 -7.626e-2 -4.542e-2 -8.165e-2
      GW04 BW06 -2.720e+3 1.242 -7.786e-2 4.661e-2 1.212e-1 -6.354e-2 -4.661e-2 -7.031e-2
      注:负值表示从水溶液中迁移出来的摩尔量;正值表示进入水溶液的摩尔量.
      下载: 导出CSV
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