Diagenetic Environment Evolution of Deep Sandstones in the Upper Es4 of the Palaeogene in Lijin Sag
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摘要: 为研究利津洼陷沙四上亚段深部砂岩成岩环境, 对岩心样品进行偏光、荧光、阴极发光显微镜和扫描电镜观察, 辅以粘土矿物含量、元素含量测试.识别出酸性和碱性2种成岩环境, 酸性环境以硅质沉淀、碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解或蚀变为高岭石等现象组合为标志, 碱性环境以碳酸盐矿物沉淀、长石次生加大、石英溶解等现象组合为标志.总体演化为: 同生期, 原始沉积流体造成碱性环境; 早成岩期, 未熟有机质演化形成短期的酸性环境, 继承流体形成主体的碱性环境; 中成岩A1期(埋深约2700~3200m), 有机质成熟形成酸性环境; 中成岩A2期(埋深约3200~4200m), 深部断裂活动形成碱性环境; 中成岩B期(埋深约4200~4400m), 第二期充注油气的热演化形成酸性环境.Abstract: This paper focuses on the diagenetic environments of deep sandstones in the upper Es4 of the palaeogene in Lijin sag, where core samples are obtained. Microscopic observations, including light, fluorescent, and cathodoluminescence microscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy, are carried out. The contents of clay mineral and some chemical composition are also detected. 2 types of diagenetic environment are classified. The acidic diagenetic environment is indicated by the dissolution of carbonates and feldspar, the development of kaolinite and autogenic quartz at the same time. The alkaline diagenetic environment is marked by feldspar overgrowth, carbonate cement and the dissolution of quartz at the same time. The evolution of diagenetic environment is discussed. Alkaline environment dominated the syndiagenetic stage, which was formed by the sedimentary salt water. Early diagenetic stage went through temporary acidic environment, formed by early hydrocarbon evolution, and mostly alkaline environment, formed by inherited alkaline fluid. The A1 period of middle diagenetic stage (in the depth of 2700-3200m) was dominated by acidic environment, formed by the organic maturation. The A2 period of middle diagenetic stage was dominated by alkaline environment, formed by the alkaline fluid from the deep fault. The B period of middle diagenetic stage was dominated by acidic environment, formed by the continued evolution of second filled oil.
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Key words:
- diagenetic environment /
- diagenetic fluid /
- deep sandstones /
- upper Es4 /
- Lijin sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 3 利津洼陷沙四上亚段砂岩的碱性成岩环境特征
a.方解石泥晶套,滨660井,2764.4m,正交偏光200倍;b.钙质胶结较紧密,可见方解石交代石英,滨442井,3928m,正交偏光200倍;c.铁白云石晶体充填孔隙,自生铁白云石胶结物一般大量出现于中成岩阶段A期之后,利672井,4014.35m,扫描电镜532倍;d.钠长石加大Ⅲ级,丝状伊利石,滨440井,3851.8m,扫描电镜875倍
Fig. 3. Characteristics of alkaline diagenetic environment in sandstones of the upper Es4 in Lijin sag
图 5 利津洼陷沙四上亚段砂岩的阴极发光、荧光以及偏光显微照片——烃类流体的充注与长石溶蚀伴生
a.荧光显微照片中,有两种颜色的荧光显示,分别为基质溶孔中的绿色光、方解石胶结物的黄色光,因有机质的荧光颜色会随其成分和含量而变化,可初步判别出两期油气聚集;b.结合对应的正交偏光显微照片可知,基质溶蚀后发生第一期油气聚集,方解石沉淀之后第二期聚集;c.阴极发光中钾长石因富钾而发亮蓝色光,亮蓝色的钾长石边缘已被不发光的蚀变产物取代,而且蚀变接触面呈现港湾状;d.结合对应的单偏光照片可看出,钾长石颗粒边缘有蚀变的痕迹,可知是钾长石被溶蚀所致,而在钾长石溶蚀边缘和钾长石粒内溶孔中,均有沥青质的分布.滨442井,4228.75m;a,b.400倍;c,d.100倍
Fig. 5. Fluorescent and cathodoluminescence photomicrographs of sandstones in the upper Es4 in Lijin Sag
表 1 利津洼陷沙四上亚段岩心特征元素含量测试值
Table 1. Part of the chemical composition data of sandstones in the upper Es4 in Lijin sag
井位 深度(m) 岩性 CaO(%) Sr(10-6) Ba(10-6) Sr/Ca Sr/Ba 滨666 3075.09 白云质粉砂岩 7.92 659.30 286.00 102.32 2.14 滨666 3106.52 白云质粉砂岩 10.17 748.15 2482.00 93.26 1.16 滨667 2925.43 灰质粉砂岩 13.24 1317.58 1495.80 118.98 2.43 滨667 2922.90 隐晶白云岩 14.29 2013.29 811.20 169.79 11.91 利935 3065.40 灰质粉砂岩 15.77 1759.64 570.15 139.46 8.25 利935 3139.40 灰质粉砂岩 15.82 1700.32 509.02 134.34 5.95 利95 2619.35 隐晶白云岩 14.36 1554.66 457.31 135.50 4.71 利95 2738.70 白云质粉砂岩 9.37 1033.48 331.01 140.73 3.61 梁218 3238.70 白云质粉砂岩 13.64 1511.74 313.90 139.80 5.16 梁218 3236.20 白云质粉砂岩 11.15 1251.15 250.75 142.41 4.60 注:CaO含量采用x射线荧光(XRF)测试,最低检测限为0.001%;Sr、Ba值由电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),最低检测限为0.001μg/g;实验由中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室完成. -
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