Impact of Groundwater Flow on Arsenic Transport: A Field Observation and Simulation in Datong Basin
-
摘要: 地下水流动特征对水文地球化学特征具有重要控制作用, 研究分析了大同盆地地下水流动特征对高砷水迁移的影响.以山阴县桑干河南岸地下水试验场(SYFS)的监测数据为基础, 建立了河岸带三维非稳定地下水流模型.结果表明, 灌溉在很大程度上影响着地下水位动态变化.灌溉活动减慢了地下水埋深和水平地下水流速, 加速了不同岩性地层之间的垂向水量交换.粉土(L1、L2、L3和L4)、粘土1(L5)和砂1(L6)之间始终存在由上至下的垂向水量交换, 粘土2(L7)、砂2(L8)、粘土3(L9)和砂3(L10)以水平水量交换为主.灌溉水和大气降水从地表向下垂直入渗至含水层的过程中, 推动了地表和包气带沉积物中的砷逐渐向下迁移; 到达含水层后, 水平交换量占主导, 地下水在水平方向上频繁的水量交换促使As在含水层中发生水平迁移.Abstract: Groundwater flow patterns often play an important role in controlling groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics. To better understanding of hydrological influences on arsenic transport in groundwater of Datong basin, a transient three dimensional groundwater flow model of riparian zone was conducted based on the monitoring data of Shanyin field site. The model indicates that irrigation diminishes the groundwater depth and horizontal groundwater flow velocities and further accelerates the groundwater flux among different formations. Vertical water exchanges occur frequently among silt layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), clay1 layer (L5) and sand1 layer (L6), while among clay2 layer (L7), sand2 layer (L8), clay3 layer (L9) and sand3 layer (L10), the horizontal groundwater exchanges dominates. The model also presents a possible phenomenon that the vertical infiltration of irrigation water and precipitation from ground surface toward aquifer induces a downward movement of arsenic of vadoze zone sediments, and frequent groundwater exchange greatly promotes the horizontal migration of arsenic in aquifers.
-
Key words:
- groundwater flow /
- arsenic /
- Shanyin field site /
- Datong basin
-
图 1 (a) 山阴试验场平面图和监测井；(b)穿过桑干河的地层剖面；(c)平行桑干河的地层平面
Fig. 1. (a) Plan view of the SY field site and the experimental wells; (b) Hydrogeologic cross section across Sanggan river; (c) Hydrogeologic cross section paralle Sanggan river
图 2 (a) 2011年5月份试验场地地下水位等值线图；(b)地下水位随时间的波动，well1-2, well 2-2, well 3-2, well 4-2, well5-2
Fig. 2. (a) Contour map of water level observed in May 2011; (b) Temporal change of water level at well 1-2, well 2-2, well 3-2, well 4-2 and well 5-2, respectively
图 5 2011年2月—2011年11月间地面以下13m深度处的水平地下水流速特征
Fig. 5. Horizontal groundwater flow velocities simulated at z=-13m from February to November, 2011
图 6 (a) L1~L6各层之间垂向地下水流净交换量(正值表示方向垂直向下)；(b)X=17.5m和X=57.5m位置处，L6~L10各层之间水平地下水流净交换量(正值表示交换量方向由A'到A，负值表示由A到A')
Fig. 6. (a) Net vertical groundwater flux between L1-L6 (the positive values indicate movement downwards through the model layers); (b) Net horizontal groundwater flux at AA' profile from L6 to L10 with X=17.5m and X=57.7m, respectively
图 7 AA'剖面地下水砷含量的分布特征(实线箭头示意地下水流向，垂向坐标轴放大两倍)
Fig. 7. Simulated flow field overlain with As concentration. As concentrations are shown as shaded counters, and values in parentheses indicate range of intervals
表 1 地下水流模型中的水力学参数
Table 1. Hydraulic properties of aquifers used in model simulations
水力传导系数K(m/d)a 单位储水系数Ssb 单位给水度Sya 有效孔隙度a 总孔隙度a 粉土 0.5 1E-4 0.16 0.22 0.35 粘土 8.64E-4 5E-4 0.01 0.2 0.45 砂 15 1E-4 0.22 0.25 0.25 a.据Fetter, 1994；b.据 Thangarajan et al., 1999 .
下载: 导出CSV
-
Benner, S.G., Polizzotto, M.L., Kocar, B.D., et al., 2008. Groundwater Flow in an Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifer, Mekong Delta, Cambodia. Applied Geochemistry, 23(11): 3072-3087. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeoche.2008.06.013 Berg, M., Stengel, C., Trang, P.T.K., et al., 2007. Magnitude of Arsenic Pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas-Cambodia and Vietnam. Science of the Total Environment, 372(2-3): 413-425. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.010 Charlet, L., Polya, D.A., 2006. Arsenic in Shallow, Reducing Groundwaters in Southern Asia: An Environmental Health Disaster. Elements, 2(2): 91-96. doi: 10.2113/gselements.2.2.91 Dong, S.G., Tang, Z.H., Liu, B.W., 2008. Numerical Simulation for the Groundwater in Datong Basin and Evaluation of the Optimization of Water Resources. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 3: 30-35(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCKC200803011.htm Guo, H.M., Wang, Y.X., Shpeizer, G.M., et al., 2003. Natural Occurrence of Arsenic in Shallow Groundwater, Shanyin, Datong Basin, China. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 38(11): 2565-2580. doi: 10.1081/ESE-120024447 Guo, H.M., Wang, Y.X., 2005. Geochemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in Datong Basin, Northwestern China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 87(3): 109-120. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.002 Fetter, C.W., 1994. Applied Hydrogeology (Third Edition). Merrill Pubishing Company, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, 75-85. Harvey, C.F., Ashfaque, K.N., Yu, W., et al, ,2006. Groundwater Dynamics and Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh. Chemical Geology, 228(1-3): 112-136. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.11.025 Islam, F.S., Gault, A.G., Boothman, C., et al., 2004. Role of Metal-Reducing Bacteria in Arsenic Release from Bengal Delta Sediments. Nature, 430(6995): 68-71. doi: 10.1038/nature02638 Klump, S., Kipfer, R., Cirpka, O.A., et al., 2006. Groundwater Dynamics and Arsenic Mobilization in Bangladesh Assessed Using Noble Gases and Tritium. Environmental Science Technology, 40(1): 243-250. doi: 10.1021/es051284w Li, J., Wang, Z.H., Cheng, X.T., et al., 2005. Investigation of the Epidemiology of Endemic Arsenism in Ying County of Shanxi Province and the Content Relationship between Water Fluoride and Water Arsenic in Aquatic Environment. Chinese Journal of Endemiology, 24(2): 183-185(in Chinese with English abstract). http://europepmc.org/abstract/CBA/572099 McArthur, J.M., Banerjee, D.M., Hudson-Edwards, K.A., et al., 2004. Natural Organic Matter in Sedimentary Basins and Its Relation to Arsenic in Anoxic Ground Water: The Example of West Bengal and Its Worldwide Implications. Applied Geochemistry, 19(8): 1253-1293. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.02.001 McDonald, M.G., Harbaugh, A.W., 1988. A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow Model. US Geological Survey Technology Water-Resources Investigation. Nakaya, S., Natsume, H., Masuda, H., et al. 2011. Effect of Groundwater Flow on Forming Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater in Sonargon, Bangladesh. Journal of Hydrology, 409(3-4): 724-736. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.006 Nickson, R.T., McArthur, J.M., Burgess, W.G., et al., 1998. Arsenic Poisoning of Bangladesh Groundwater. Nature, 395(6700): 338. doi: 10.1038/26387 Nickson, R.T., McArthur, J.M., Ravenscroft, P., et al., 2000. Mechanism of Arsenic Release to Groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bangal. Applied Geochemistry, 15(4): 403-413. doi: 10.1016/S0833-2927(99)00086-4 Pei, Y.H., Liang, S.X., Ning, L.Y., 2005. A Discussion of the Enrichment and Formation of Arsenic in Groundwater in Datong Basin. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 4: 65-69(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG200504017.htm Postma, D., Larsen, F., Hue, N.T.M., et al., 2007. Arsenic in Groundwater of the Red River Flood Plain, Vietnam: Controlling Geochemical Processes and Reactive Transport Modeling. Geochemical et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(21): 5054-5071. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2007.08.020 Smedley, P.L., Kinniburgh, D.G., 2002. A Review of the Source, Behavior and Distribution of Arsenic in Natural Waters. Applied Geochemistry, 17(5): 517-568. doi: 10.1016/S0083-2927(02)00018-5 Smedley, P.L., Zhang, M., Zhang, G., et al., 2003. Moblization of Arsenic and Other Trace Elements in Fluviolacustrine Aquifers of The Huhhot Basin, Inner Mongolia. Applied Geochemistry, 18(9): 1453-77. doi: 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00062-3 Smith, A.H., Lingas, E.Q., Rahamn, M., 2000. Contamination of Drinking-Water by Arsenic in Bangladesh: A Public Health Emergency. Bull of the World Health Organization, 78(9): 1093-1103. doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862000000900005 Stute, M., Zheng, Y., Schlosser, P., et al., 2007. Hydrological Control of As Concentrations in Bangladesh Groundwater. Water Resources Research, 43(9). doi: 10.1029/2005WR004499 Thangarajan, M., Linn, F., Bakaya, U.V., et al., 1999. Modeling an Inland Delta Aquifer System to Evolve Pre-Development Management Schemes: A Case Study Upper Thamalakane River Valley, Botswana, Southern Africa. Environ. Geol. , 38(4), 285-295. doi: 10.1007/s002540050426 Ven Geen, A., Zheng, Y., Stute, M., et al., 2003. Comments on "Arsenic mobility and Groundwater Extraction in Bangladesh" (Ⅱ). Science, 300(5619): 584-584c. doi: 10.1126/science.1081057 Wang, Y.X., Ge, M.S., 2000. Hydrogeochemistry of Medical Mineral Water in the East Asian Continental Rift, Take Shanxi and the Begall Valley as an Example. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese). Wang, Y.X., Shvartsev, S.L., Su, C.L., 2009. Genesis of Arsenic/Fluoride-Enriched Soda Water: A Case Study at Datong, Northern China. Applied Geochemistry, 24(4): 641-649. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.208.12.015 Xie, X.J., Wang, Y.X., Su, C.L., et al., 2008. Arsenic Mobilization in Shallow Aquifers of Datong Basin: Hydrochemical and Mineralogical Evidences. Joural of Geochemical Exploration, 98(3): 107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.01.002 董少刚, 唐仲华, 刘白薇, 等, 2008. 大同盆地地下水数值模拟及水资源优化配置评价. 工程勘察, 3: 30-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKC200803011.htm 李军, 王正辉, 程晓天, 等, 2005. 山西省应县地方性砷中毒流行病学调查报告. 中国地方病学杂志, 24(2): 183-185. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDFB20050200S.htm 裴捍华, 梁树雄, 宁联元, 2005. 大同盆地地下水中砷的富集规律及成因探讨. 水文地质工程地质, 4: 65-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG200504017.htm 王焰新, 葛·马·斯贝泽尔, 2000. 东亚大陆裂谷医疗矿水水文地球化学研究——以山西和贝加尔裂谷系为例. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3438
- HTML全文浏览量: 654
- PDF下载量: 347
- 被引次数: 0
