东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因

罗文行; 钱莉莉; 李德威; 朱云海; 刘德民; 高成

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.119

东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119

罗文行^{1, 2,},
钱莉莉^{1, 2},
李德威^{2, 4, ,},
朱云海^{2, 3},
刘德民²,
高成²

1.
长江三峡勘测研究院有限公司, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074
4.
中国地质大学青藏高原研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40572113

国家自然科学基金项目 40974040

国家自然科学基金项目 41172188

国家深部专项 SinoProbe-01-03-02

中国地质调查局区调项目 1212010914036

详细信息

作者简介:
罗文行(1983-), 博士, 主要从事大陆构造地质勘查与研究工作.E-mail: lwx1983@gmail.com

通讯作者:
李德威, E-mail: dewei89@sina.com

中图分类号: P595
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-12-11
- 刊出日期: 2013-06-01

Petrogenesis of the Zhongzaohuo Ultramafic Pyroxenite Pluton, East Kunlun: Constraints from Petrology, Geochemistry and Genetic Mineralogy

LUO Wen-xing^{1, 2
,},
QIAN Li-li^{1, 2},
LI De-wei^{2, 4
, ,},
ZHU Yun-hai^{2, 3},
LIU De-min²,
GAO Cheng²

1.
Three Gorges Geotechnical Consultants Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
Research Center of Tibetan Plateau, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 最近在青海东昆北中灶火地区发现超镁铁质岩的岩石学、地球化学以及成因矿物学等方面的研究成果.岩石主要由单斜辉石、斜方辉石和角闪石组成, 另有少量斜长石、石英、黑云母和铁质不透明矿物.角闪石和黑云母为后期退变质矿物.斜方辉石成因判别分析结果为岩浆成因, 故该超镁铁质岩为辉石岩而非麻粒岩.该辉石岩化学成分上表现为异常的高MgO、高CaO、低Al₂O₃特征, 微量元素表现为Rb、Th富集而Nb、Ti的亏损, 表明其来源于富集地幔.通过岩相学、稀土元素等特征与前人研究结果对比认为该辉石岩是俯冲洋壳部分熔融产生的富Si熔体与地幔橄榄岩发生交代反应产生辉石岩岩浆, 然后底侵到地壳中部冷却结晶形成的.野外地质特征显示辉石岩的侵位晚于发生糜棱岩化的围岩, 即晚于围岩的形成时代, 即早二叠世, 说明该辉石岩是在中二叠世古特提斯洋向北大规模俯冲及其所导致的弧后伸展的构造背景下形成的.
- 辉石岩 /
- 地球化学 /
- 矿物学 /
- 交代成因 /
- 东昆仑
Abstract: A ultramafic pyroxenite pluton has been discovered in Zhongzaohuo area in the East Kunlun orogen Recently. This paper reports the results of petrological, geochemical and genetic mineralogy research on the pyroxenite pluton. The rock is mainly composed of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and amphibole, and minor plagioclase, quartz, biotite and iron opaque minerals. Amphibole and biotite were formed during retrograde metamorphism. The discriminant analysis results suggest that the Opx are magmatogenic, thus the rock should be named pyroxenite rather than granulite. The rock has high MgO, CaO and low Al₂O₃ and enriched in Rb and Th and depleted in Nb and Ti, showing clear evidence for an enriched mantle source. Field occurrence of the pyroxenite pluton suggests that the pyroxenite pluton was formed after the mylonization of the surrounding rocks. Combined with the tectonic evolution of East Kunlun, we come to the conclusion that the subduction of an Paleo-Tethys(A'nyemaqen) oceanic slab at the Middle Permian led to fluid and Si-rich?melt metasomatism, inducing partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle(peridotites) to form the ultramafic pyroxenite magma. The pyroxenite magma underplated the overlying lower crust, captured the metamorphic zircons of the granulite and exchanged some trace elements, but didn't result in the lower crust partial melting to form any felsic magma. The pyroxenite magma emplaced alone eventually.
- pyroxenite /
- geochemistry /
- mineralogy /
- metasomatic /
- the East Kunlun

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图 1 研究区构造位置(a.据Roger et al., 2008修改)及辉石岩体周围地质图(b)

Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of the Tibetan Plateau showing the study area (a. after Roger et al., 2008) and simplified geological map of Zhongzaohuo area (b) in the North Block of the East Kunlun orogen, western China

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图 2 东昆仑中早火地区辉石岩体及其围岩实测剖面(剖面位置见图 1)

1.第四系砂砾岩层；2.片麻岩；3.变砂岩；4.花岗闪长岩；5.二长花岗岩；6.辉石岩；7.石英岩；8.断层破碎带；9.糜棱岩化带

Fig. 2. Geological section showing the field occurrence of pyroxenite pluton and its contact relationships with adjacent geological bodies in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

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图 3 辉石岩及其围岩典型显微照片

a、b.B3604-3；c、d.Bgnl-1；e、f.Bgnl-2；g~i.围岩花岗闪长岩体中的糜棱岩.Amp.角闪石；Bi.黑云母；Cpx.单斜辉石；Opx.斜方辉石；Pl.斜长石；Qtz.石英；Srt.绢云母；Tlc.滑石

Fig. 3. Typical microphotographs of pyroxenite and its surrounding rocks

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图 4 MgO对Al₂O₃、CaO、TiO₂、Ni、Sc、V变化图

空心圈引自(陈安国等, 1996)的数据，实心圈引自(陈斌等, 2008)的数据，绿色空心菱形框为本文数据

Fig. 4. Variation of MgO vs. Al₂O₃、CaO、TiO₂、Ni、Sc and V

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图 5 辉石岩稀土元素配分曲线图与不同成因辉石岩的典型REE配分形式.数据来源：Ⅰ和Ⅱ型辉石岩(Kornprobst, et al., 1990)；交代成因辉石岩(Garrido and Bodinier, 1999; Liu et al., 2005)；球粒陨石标准化值来源于Sun and McDonough (1989)

Fig. 5. REE patterns of pyroxenite samples (Bgnl-1, Bgnl-2, B3604) in the East Kunlun orogen, western China and Type Ⅰand Ⅱ pyroxenites and metasomatic pyroxenites. Sources: the Type Ⅰand Ⅱ pyroxenites (Kornprobst et al., 1990); Metasomatic pyroxenites (Garrido and Bodinier, 1999; Liu et al., 2005); Chondrite-normalized values are from Sun and McDonough (1989)

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图 6 东昆仑中灶火辉石岩微量元素蛛网图(MORB标准化值来源于(Pearce and Cann, 1973))

Fig. 6. MORB-normalized trace elements spidergrams of pyroxenite in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

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图 7 东昆仑中灶火辉石岩体中辉石矿物成分分类三角图(据Morimoto, 1988修改)

Di.透辉石；He.钙铁辉石；Au.普通辉石；Pi.易变辉石；Opx.斜方辉石

Fig. 7. Wo-En-Fs diagram showing the classification of pyroxene in the pyroxnite pluton in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

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图 8 2种辉石100×MgO/(MgO+FeO^T)分别对Al₂O₃、FeO^T、MgO和CaO的变异图解(底图据(吴才来等, 2001)修改，略去了对比数据点)

①华北麻粒岩；②可可西里辉石岩包体；③中国东部和蒙古辉石岩包体；④中国东部二辉橄榄岩包体和澳大利亚、法国、美国加利福尼亚和夏威夷、蒙古的橄榄岩包体；⑤中国东部新生代玄武岩中辉石巨晶

Fig. 8. Variation of 100×MgO/(MgO+FeO^T)vs. Al₂O₃, FeO^T, MgO and CaO of Cpx and Opx in the pyroxenite pluton

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图 9 东昆仑中灶火辉石岩体中斜方辉石成因判别图解(Rietmeijer, 1983)

Fig. 9. Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+Mg) and 100×Ca/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Ca) relation showing the compositions and origins of orthopyroxene in the pyroxenite pluton

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图 10 东昆仑中灶火辉石岩形成的地球动力学模型

Fig. 10. Schematic illustration of the formation of Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite pluton in the East kunlun

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表 1 东昆仑中灶火地区辉石岩主量元素与CIPW标准矿物含量(%)

Table 1. Major elements coposition and CIPW normative mineral content of the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

样品号	Bgnl-1	Bgnl-2	B3604
SiO₂	51.91	51.97	51.67
TiO₂	0.32	0.32	0.40
Al₂O₃	3.72	3.66	3.58
FeO^T	7.63	7.40	8.47
MnO	0.13	0.12	0.17
MgO	19.19	19.45	18.90
CaO	14.78	14.52	14.90
Na₂O	0.42	0.41	0.37
K₂O	0.13	0.12	0.08
P₂O₅	0.011	0.009	0.010
H₂O	0.08	0.02
LOI	1.92	2.06	1.25
Total	100.241	100.059	99.800
Pl	11.67	11.52	11.18
Or	0.77	0.71	0.47
Di	52.98	52.08	53.43
Hy	26.67	28.42	26.65
Ol	6.05	5.44	6.10
Ilm	0.63	0.63	0.78
Mt	1.23	1.20	1.35
Ap	0.02	0.02	0.02
Mg^#	84.1	84.6	82.4
注：FeO^T.全铁；Mg^#=100×molar MgO/(MgO+FeO^T).

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表 2 东昆仑中灶火地区辉石岩微量元素及稀土元素分析结果(10^-6)

Table 2. Trace elements and REE compositions of the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

样品号	Li	Be	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb
Bgnl-1	18.0	0.29	39.4	184	1769	81.1	400	93.1	49.3	6.26	5.61	53.2	12.8	19.2	0.56
Bgnl-2	10.8	0.29	38.3	180	1712	78.9	395	103	50.1	6.13	5.42	46.3	12.5	18.1	0.50
B3604	20.4	0.38	48.8	230	608	64.0	207	62.5	75.7	9.00	1.79	55.2	18.9	22.4	0.30
样品号	Mo	Sn	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er
Bgnl-1	0.21	0.65	0.80	27.2	2.78	8.09	1.37	6.95	2.08	0.50	2.37	0.39	2.54	0.49	1.41
Bgnl-2	0.14	0.66	0.84	27.0	2.65	7.96	1.30	6.72	2.05	0.47	2.20	0.39	2.45	0.47	1.33
B3604			0.40	13.9	3.72	9.04	1.67	8.94	2.89	0.65	3.02	0.55	3.51	0.69	1.91
样品号	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	Pb	Th	U	∑LREE	∑HREE	∑LREE/∑HREE	∑REE	(La/Lu)_N	La/Yb	δEu
Bgnl-1	0.20	1.20	0.17	0.79	0.15	3.39	0.64	0.35	21.8	8.78	2.48	31	1.73	2.32	0.68
Bgnl-2	0.19	1.24	0.18	0.76	0.15	5.66	0.70	0.33	21.2	8.45	2.51	30	1.60	2.14	0.68
B3604	0.28	1.78	0.26	0.96	0.039	6.54	0.25	0.21	26.91	12.00	2.24	38.9	1.51	2.08	0.67
注：∑REE、∑HREE不含Y；δEu=w(Eu)_N/[0.5×(w(Sm)_N+w(Gd)_N)]，下标N代表球粒陨石标准化.

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表 3 单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物对电子探针分析数据结果(%)

Table 3. Composition of Opx and Cpx in the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

分析点	1.2.1	1.2.2	3.3.1	3.3.2	5.6.1	5.6.2	5.10.1	5.10.2
矿物	Cpx	Opx	Opx	Cpx	Opx	Cpx	Cpx	Opx
SiO₂	52.792	55.310	55.063	52.482	55.610	53.661	54.323	55.495
TiO₂	0.329	0.093	0.115	0.466	0.040	0.305	0.128	0.115
Al₂O₃	0.170	0.138	0.107	0.169	0.101	0.137	0.084	0.087
Cr₂O₃	0.205	0.163	0.143	0.225	0.060	0.158	0.300	0.133
FeO	4.771	11.257	14.103	4.874	15.008	4.372	6.337	13.996
MnO	0.117	0.160	0.193	0.075	0.159	0.046	0.095	0.150
MgO	16.113	28.283	29.115	16.487	28.549	16.175	18.528	29.437
CaO	23.123	3.956	0.700	21.271	0.389	23.878	19.176	0.345
Na₂O	0.506	0.035	0.015	0.639	0.000	0.432	0.358	0.040
K₂O	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.048	0.024	0.018	0.154	0.006
Total	98.126	99.395	99.554	96.736	99.940	99.182	99.483	99.804
Si	1.979 7	1.985 0	1.980 9	1.988 1	1.995 5	1.987 0	1.995 5	1.986 7
Al^Ⅳ	0.009 3	0.002 5	0.003 1	0.013 3	0.001 1	0.008 5	0.003 5	0.003 1
Al^Ⅵ	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0
Ti	0.009 3	0.002 5	0.003 1	0.013 3	0.001 1	0.008 5	0.003 5	0.003 1
Cr	0.006 1	0.004 6	0.004 1	0.006 7	0.001 7	0.004 6	0.008 7	0.003 8
Fe³⁺	0.067 4	0.025 3	0.036 6	0.048 2	0.003 0	0.045 1	0.033 3	0.024 1
Fe²⁺	0.081 4	0.311 8	0.386 4	0.105 6	0.447 3	0.089 8	0.160 8	0.394 1
Mn	0.003 7	0.004 9	0.005 9	0.002 4	0.004 8	0.001 4	0.003 0	0.004 6
Mg	0.900 8	1.513 2	1.561 4	0.931 1	1.527 2	0.892 9	1.014 6	1.571 0
Ca	0.929 1	0.152 1	0.027 0	0.863 4	0.015 0	0.947 4	0.754 8	0.013 2
Na	0.036 8	0.002 4	0.001 1	0.046 9	0.000 0	0.031 0	0.025 5	0.002 8
K	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.000 0	0.002 3	0.001 1	0.000 9	0.007 2	0.000 3
Wo	46.010 0	7.570 0	1.340 0	43.220 0	0.750 0	47.190 0	37.890 0	0.660 0
En	44.610 0	75.290 0	77.360 0	46.610 0	76.460 0	44.480 0	50.940 0	78.170 0
Fs	7.550 0	17.020 0	21.250 0	7.820 0	22.790 0	6.790 0	9.890 0	21.030 0
注：以6个O原子和4个阳离子为基准计算；此表仅列出用于计算温度的辉石矿物对的数据.

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表 4 采用不同二辉石温度计的计算结果

Table 4. Temperature results calculated with the two-pyroxene thermometers

矿物对	1.2	3.3	5.6	5.10	Max	Min	Mean	计算方法参考文献
温度计算结果T(℃)	908	983	827	1 103	1 103	827	955	Wood and Banno, 1973
	707	839	619	1 044	1 044	619	802	Nehru and Wyllie, 1974
	776	996	617	1 399	1 399	617	947	Lindsley and Dixon, 1976
	844	962	769	1 127	1 127	769	926	Wells, 1977
	898	1 059	766	1 253	1 253	766	994	Bertrand and Mercier, 1985
	797	962	668	1 132	1 132	668	890	Brey and Köhler, 1990
	Opx-T_Ca, n=20				1 055.7	785.6	891.2	Brey and Köhler, 1990

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