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    东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因

    罗文行 钱莉莉 李德威 朱云海 刘德民 高成

    罗文行, 钱莉莉, 李德威, 朱云海, 刘德民, 高成, 2013. 东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因. 地球科学, 38(6): 1214-1228. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119
    引用本文: 罗文行, 钱莉莉, 李德威, 朱云海, 刘德民, 高成, 2013. 东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因. 地球科学, 38(6): 1214-1228. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119
    LUO Wen-xing, QIAN Li-li, LI De-wei, ZHU Yun-hai, LIU De-min, GAO Cheng, 2013. Petrogenesis of the Zhongzaohuo Ultramafic Pyroxenite Pluton, East Kunlun: Constraints from Petrology, Geochemistry and Genetic Mineralogy. Earth Science, 38(6): 1214-1228. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119
    Citation: LUO Wen-xing, QIAN Li-li, LI De-wei, ZHU Yun-hai, LIU De-min, GAO Cheng, 2013. Petrogenesis of the Zhongzaohuo Ultramafic Pyroxenite Pluton, East Kunlun: Constraints from Petrology, Geochemistry and Genetic Mineralogy. Earth Science, 38(6): 1214-1228. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119

    东昆仑中灶火地区超镁铁质辉石岩的成因

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.119
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 40572113

    国家自然科学基金项目 40974040

    国家自然科学基金项目 41172188

    国家深部专项 SinoProbe-01-03-02

    中国地质调查局区调项目 1212010914036

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      罗文行(1983-), 博士, 主要从事大陆构造地质勘查与研究工作.E-mail: lwx1983@gmail.com

      通讯作者:

      李德威, E-mail: dewei89@sina.com

    • 中图分类号: P595

    Petrogenesis of the Zhongzaohuo Ultramafic Pyroxenite Pluton, East Kunlun: Constraints from Petrology, Geochemistry and Genetic Mineralogy

    • 摘要: 最近在青海东昆北中灶火地区发现超镁铁质岩的岩石学、地球化学以及成因矿物学等方面的研究成果.岩石主要由单斜辉石、斜方辉石和角闪石组成, 另有少量斜长石、石英、黑云母和铁质不透明矿物.角闪石和黑云母为后期退变质矿物.斜方辉石成因判别分析结果为岩浆成因, 故该超镁铁质岩为辉石岩而非麻粒岩.该辉石岩化学成分上表现为异常的高MgO、高CaO、低Al2O3特征, 微量元素表现为Rb、Th富集而Nb、Ti的亏损, 表明其来源于富集地幔.通过岩相学、稀土元素等特征与前人研究结果对比认为该辉石岩是俯冲洋壳部分熔融产生的富Si熔体与地幔橄榄岩发生交代反应产生辉石岩岩浆, 然后底侵到地壳中部冷却结晶形成的.野外地质特征显示辉石岩的侵位晚于发生糜棱岩化的围岩, 即晚于围岩的形成时代, 即早二叠世, 说明该辉石岩是在中二叠世古特提斯洋向北大规模俯冲及其所导致的弧后伸展的构造背景下形成的.

       

    • 图  1  研究区构造位置(a.据Roger et al., 2008修改)及辉石岩体周围地质图(b)

      Fig.  1.  Tectonic outline of the Tibetan Plateau showing the study area (a. after Roger et al., 2008) and simplified geological map of Zhongzaohuo area (b) in the North Block of the East Kunlun orogen, western China

      图  2  东昆仑中早火地区辉石岩体及其围岩实测剖面(剖面位置见图 1)

      1.第四系砂砾岩层;2.片麻岩;3.变砂岩;4.花岗闪长岩;5.二长花岗岩;6.辉石岩;7.石英岩;8.断层破碎带;9.糜棱岩化带

      Fig.  2.  Geological section showing the field occurrence of pyroxenite pluton and its contact relationships with adjacent geological bodies in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

      图  3  辉石岩及其围岩典型显微照片

      a、b.B3604-3;c、d.Bgnl-1;e、f.Bgnl-2;g~i.围岩花岗闪长岩体中的糜棱岩.Amp.角闪石;Bi.黑云母;Cpx.单斜辉石;Opx.斜方辉石;Pl.斜长石;Qtz.石英;Srt.绢云母;Tlc.滑石

      Fig.  3.  Typical microphotographs of pyroxenite and its surrounding rocks

      图  4  MgO对Al2O3、CaO、TiO2、Ni、Sc、V变化图

      空心圈引自(陈安国等, 1996)的数据,实心圈引自(陈斌等, 2008)的数据,绿色空心菱形框为本文数据

      Fig.  4.  Variation of MgO vs. Al2O3、CaO、TiO2、Ni、Sc and V

      图  5  辉石岩稀土元素配分曲线图与不同成因辉石岩的典型REE配分形式.数据来源:Ⅰ和Ⅱ型辉石岩(Kornprobst, et al., 1990);交代成因辉石岩(Garrido and Bodinier, 1999; Liu et al., 2005);球粒陨石标准化值来源于Sun and McDonough (1989)

      Fig.  5.  REE patterns of pyroxenite samples (Bgnl-1, Bgnl-2, B3604) in the East Kunlun orogen, western China and Type Ⅰand Ⅱ pyroxenites and metasomatic pyroxenites. Sources: the Type Ⅰand Ⅱ pyroxenites (Kornprobst et al., 1990); Metasomatic pyroxenites (Garrido and Bodinier, 1999; Liu et al., 2005); Chondrite-normalized values are from Sun and McDonough (1989)

      图  6  东昆仑中灶火辉石岩微量元素蛛网图(MORB标准化值来源于(Pearce and Cann, 1973))

      Fig.  6.  MORB-normalized trace elements spidergrams of pyroxenite in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

      图  7  东昆仑中灶火辉石岩体中辉石矿物成分分类三角图(据Morimoto, 1988修改)

      Di.透辉石;He.钙铁辉石;Au.普通辉石;Pi.易变辉石;Opx.斜方辉石

      Fig.  7.  Wo-En-Fs diagram showing the classification of pyroxene in the pyroxnite pluton in the East Kunlun orogen, western China

      图  8  2种辉石100×MgO/(MgO+FeOT)分别对Al2O3、FeOT、MgO和CaO的变异图解(底图据(吴才来等, 2001)修改,略去了对比数据点)

      ①华北麻粒岩;②可可西里辉石岩包体;③中国东部和蒙古辉石岩包体;④中国东部二辉橄榄岩包体和澳大利亚、法国、美国加利福尼亚和夏威夷、蒙古的橄榄岩包体;⑤中国东部新生代玄武岩中辉石巨晶

      Fig.  8.  Variation of 100×MgO/(MgO+FeOT)vs. Al2O3, FeOT, MgO and CaO of Cpx and Opx in the pyroxenite pluton

      图  9  东昆仑中灶火辉石岩体中斜方辉石成因判别图解(Rietmeijer, 1983)

      Fig.  9.  Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) and 100×Ca/(Fe2++Mg+Ca) relation showing the compositions and origins of orthopyroxene in the pyroxenite pluton

      图  10  东昆仑中灶火辉石岩形成的地球动力学模型

      Fig.  10.  Schematic illustration of the formation of Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite pluton in the East kunlun

      表  1  东昆仑中灶火地区辉石岩主量元素与CIPW标准矿物含量(%)

      Table  1.   Major elements coposition and CIPW normative mineral content of the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

      样品号 Bgnl-1 Bgnl-2 B3604
      SiO2 51.91 51.97 51.67
      TiO2 0.32 0.32 0.40
      Al2O3 3.72 3.66 3.58
      FeOT 7.63 7.40 8.47
      MnO 0.13 0.12 0.17
      MgO 19.19 19.45 18.90
      CaO 14.78 14.52 14.90
      Na2O 0.42 0.41 0.37
      K2O 0.13 0.12 0.08
      P2O5 0.011 0.009 0.010
      H2O 0.08 0.02
      LOI 1.92 2.06 1.25
      Total 100.241 100.059 99.800
      Pl 11.67 11.52 11.18
      Or 0.77 0.71 0.47
      Di 52.98 52.08 53.43
      Hy 26.67 28.42 26.65
      Ol 6.05 5.44 6.10
      Ilm 0.63 0.63 0.78
      Mt 1.23 1.20 1.35
      Ap 0.02 0.02 0.02
      Mg# 84.1 84.6 82.4
      注:FeOT.全铁;Mg#=100×molar MgO/(MgO+FeOT).
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  东昆仑中灶火地区辉石岩微量元素及稀土元素分析结果(10-6)

      Table  2.   Trace elements and REE compositions of the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

      样品号 Li Be Sc V Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Rb Sr Y Zr Nb
      Bgnl-1 18.0 0.29 39.4 184 1769 81.1 400 93.1 49.3 6.26 5.61 53.2 12.8 19.2 0.56
      Bgnl-2 10.8 0.29 38.3 180 1712 78.9 395 103 50.1 6.13 5.42 46.3 12.5 18.1 0.50
      B3604 20.4 0.38 48.8 230 608 64.0 207 62.5 75.7 9.00 1.79 55.2 18.9 22.4 0.30
      样品号 Mo Sn Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er
      Bgnl-1 0.21 0.65 0.80 27.2 2.78 8.09 1.37 6.95 2.08 0.50 2.37 0.39 2.54 0.49 1.41
      Bgnl-2 0.14 0.66 0.84 27.0 2.65 7.96 1.30 6.72 2.05 0.47 2.20 0.39 2.45 0.47 1.33
      B3604 0.40 13.9 3.72 9.04 1.67 8.94 2.89 0.65 3.02 0.55 3.51 0.69 1.91
      样品号 Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta Pb Th U ∑LREE ∑HREE ∑LREE/∑HREE ∑REE (La/Lu)N La/Yb δEu
      Bgnl-1 0.20 1.20 0.17 0.79 0.15 3.39 0.64 0.35 21.8 8.78 2.48 31 1.73 2.32 0.68
      Bgnl-2 0.19 1.24 0.18 0.76 0.15 5.66 0.70 0.33 21.2 8.45 2.51 30 1.60 2.14 0.68
      B3604 0.28 1.78 0.26 0.96 0.039 6.54 0.25 0.21 26.91 12.00 2.24 38.9 1.51 2.08 0.67
      注:∑REE、∑HREE不含Y;δEu=w(Eu)N/[0.5×(w(Sm)N+w(Gd)N)],下标N代表球粒陨石标准化.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物对电子探针分析数据结果(%)

      Table  3.   Composition of Opx and Cpx in the Zhongzaohuo pyroxenite

      分析点 1.2.1 1.2.2 3.3.1 3.3.2 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.10.1 5.10.2
      矿物 Cpx Opx Opx Cpx Opx Cpx Cpx Opx
      SiO2 52.792 55.310 55.063 52.482 55.610 53.661 54.323 55.495
      TiO2 0.329 0.093 0.115 0.466 0.040 0.305 0.128 0.115
      Al2O3 0.170 0.138 0.107 0.169 0.101 0.137 0.084 0.087
      Cr2O3 0.205 0.163 0.143 0.225 0.060 0.158 0.300 0.133
      FeO 4.771 11.257 14.103 4.874 15.008 4.372 6.337 13.996
      MnO 0.117 0.160 0.193 0.075 0.159 0.046 0.095 0.150
      MgO 16.113 28.283 29.115 16.487 28.549 16.175 18.528 29.437
      CaO 23.123 3.956 0.700 21.271 0.389 23.878 19.176 0.345
      Na2O 0.506 0.035 0.015 0.639 0.000 0.432 0.358 0.040
      K2O 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.048 0.024 0.018 0.154 0.006
      Total 98.126 99.395 99.554 96.736 99.940 99.182 99.483 99.804
      Si 1.979 7 1.985 0 1.980 9 1.988 1 1.995 5 1.987 0 1.995 5 1.986 7
      Al 0.009 3 0.002 5 0.003 1 0.013 3 0.001 1 0.008 5 0.003 5 0.003 1
      Al 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0
      Ti 0.009 3 0.002 5 0.003 1 0.013 3 0.001 1 0.008 5 0.003 5 0.003 1
      Cr 0.006 1 0.004 6 0.004 1 0.006 7 0.001 7 0.004 6 0.008 7 0.003 8
      Fe3+ 0.067 4 0.025 3 0.036 6 0.048 2 0.003 0 0.045 1 0.033 3 0.024 1
      Fe2+ 0.081 4 0.311 8 0.386 4 0.105 6 0.447 3 0.089 8 0.160 8 0.394 1
      Mn 0.003 7 0.004 9 0.005 9 0.002 4 0.004 8 0.001 4 0.003 0 0.004 6
      Mg 0.900 8 1.513 2 1.561 4 0.931 1 1.527 2 0.892 9 1.014 6 1.571 0
      Ca 0.929 1 0.152 1 0.027 0 0.863 4 0.015 0 0.947 4 0.754 8 0.013 2
      Na 0.036 8 0.002 4 0.001 1 0.046 9 0.000 0 0.031 0 0.025 5 0.002 8
      K 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.002 3 0.001 1 0.000 9 0.007 2 0.000 3
      Wo 46.010 0 7.570 0 1.340 0 43.220 0 0.750 0 47.190 0 37.890 0 0.660 0
      En 44.610 0 75.290 0 77.360 0 46.610 0 76.460 0 44.480 0 50.940 0 78.170 0
      Fs 7.550 0 17.020 0 21.250 0 7.820 0 22.790 0 6.790 0 9.890 0 21.030 0
      注:以6个O原子和4个阳离子为基准计算;此表仅列出用于计算温度的辉石矿物对的数据.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  采用不同二辉石温度计的计算结果

      Table  4.   Temperature results calculated with the two-pyroxene thermometers

      矿物对 1.2 3.3 5.6 5.10 Max Min Mean 计算方法参考文献
      温度计算结果T(℃) 908 983 827 1 103 1 103 827 955 Wood and Banno, 1973
      707 839 619 1 044 1 044 619 802 Nehru and Wyllie, 1974
      776 996 617 1 399 1 399 617 947 Lindsley and Dixon, 1976
      844 962 769 1 127 1 127 769 926 Wells, 1977
      898 1 059 766 1 253 1 253 766 994 Bertrand and Mercier, 1985
      797 962 668 1 132 1 132 668 890 Brey and Köhler, 1990
      Opx-TCa, n=20 1 055.7 785.6 891.2 Brey and Köhler, 1990
      下载: 导出CSV
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